Purpose: We aimed to investigate the value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk of individuals with prediabetes.
Methods: A total of 11,504 prediabetic patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016 were included in the present study. Mortality and the underlying cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to visualize the association between the NLR and mortality risk. The optimal NLR cutoff value corresponding to the most significant correlation with survival outcomes was calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics method (MSRSM). Weighted multivariable Cox regression models and subgroup analyses were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Results: During a median follow-up of 101 months (interquartile range, 64.0-138.0 months), 1654 (14.38%) deaths were documented, including 422 (3.67%) and 1232 (10.71%) due to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular events, respectively. RCS regression analysis indicated that the NLR was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Individuals were divided into lower (≤2.94) and higher (>2.94) NLR groups using the MSRSM. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with the lower NLR group, the higher NLR group had a HR of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.38-1.93) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.55-3.01) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively.
Conclusions: The NLR was a valuable marker for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in prediabetic patients.
{"title":"Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with prediabetes in a National study.","authors":"Gaiying Dong, Xiaofan Gu, Chunhua Qiu, Yanlin Xie, Zhiwen Hu, Liangliang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04075-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04075-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate the value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk of individuals with prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 11,504 prediabetic patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016 were included in the present study. Mortality and the underlying cause of death were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to visualize the association between the NLR and mortality risk. The optimal NLR cutoff value corresponding to the most significant correlation with survival outcomes was calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics method (MSRSM). Weighted multivariable Cox regression models and subgroup analyses were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 101 months (interquartile range, 64.0-138.0 months), 1654 (14.38%) deaths were documented, including 422 (3.67%) and 1232 (10.71%) due to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular events, respectively. RCS regression analysis indicated that the NLR was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Individuals were divided into lower (≤2.94) and higher (>2.94) NLR groups using the MSRSM. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with the lower NLR group, the higher NLR group had a HR of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.38-1.93) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.55-3.01) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NLR was a valuable marker for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in prediabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04078-7
Alberto Ragni, Emilia Biamonte, Beatrice Cavigiolo, Edoardo Luigi Maria Mollero, Giulia Bendotti, Enrico Gabellieri, Paola Leporati, Marco Gallo
Purpose: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) has been increasingly reported in association with both infection from and vaccination for COVID19. Our aim was to analyse the available published cases and compare the clinical characteristics in the two groups (infection vs vaccination).
Methods: We systematically reviewed the published literature for all cases of PA associated with COVID19 infection or vaccination. We also presented two cases managed at our Centre.
Results: Collectively, fortythree cases were analysed. Patients with PA after COVID19 vaccination (n = 7), compared with patients with PA after COVID19 infection (n = 36), were significantly younger (p = 0.009) and had a more abrupt onset of PA (p = 0.022), but showed a milder hormonal involvement (p = 0.008) and a lower rate of persistent hypopituitarism during follow-up (p = 0.001). Patients in the vaccination group did not have clinical risk factors for PA, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions: PA associated with COVID19 is a rare but clinically significant entity, although pathophysiological details of this association are lacking. Given the significantly different clinical presentation, we could speculate that PA induced by COVID19 vaccination might represent a distinct clinical entity, with different pathophysiological mechanism, compared to PA from COVID19 infection.
目的:越来越多的报道显示,垂体性脑瘫(PA)与感染COVID19和接种COVID19疫苗有关。我们的目的是分析已发表的病例,并比较两组病例(感染与接种)的临床特征:我们系统回顾了已发表的文献中所有与 COVID19 感染或接种疫苗相关的 PA 病例。我们还介绍了本中心处理的两例病例:结果:共分析了 43 个病例。接种 COVID19 疫苗后出现 PA 的患者(n = 7)与感染 COVID19 后出现 PA 的患者(n = 36)相比,年龄明显更小(p = 0.009),发病更突然(p = 0.022),但激素受累程度较轻(p = 0.008),随访期间垂体功能持续减退的比例较低(p = 0.001)。接种疫苗组的患者没有PA的临床风险因素,但这一差异未达到统计学意义:结论:与 COVID19 相关的 PA 虽然罕见,但具有重要的临床意义,尽管这种关联的病理生理学细节尚不清楚。鉴于临床表现明显不同,我们可以推测,与感染 COVID19 引起的 PA 相比,接种 COVID19 引起的 PA 可能是一个不同的临床实体,具有不同的病理生理机制。
{"title":"COVID19 infection and vaccination and the risk of pituitary apoplexy: an entangled yarn.","authors":"Alberto Ragni, Emilia Biamonte, Beatrice Cavigiolo, Edoardo Luigi Maria Mollero, Giulia Bendotti, Enrico Gabellieri, Paola Leporati, Marco Gallo","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04078-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04078-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pituitary apoplexy (PA) has been increasingly reported in association with both infection from and vaccination for COVID19. Our aim was to analyse the available published cases and compare the clinical characteristics in the two groups (infection vs vaccination).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed the published literature for all cases of PA associated with COVID19 infection or vaccination. We also presented two cases managed at our Centre.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Collectively, fortythree cases were analysed. Patients with PA after COVID19 vaccination (n = 7), compared with patients with PA after COVID19 infection (n = 36), were significantly younger (p = 0.009) and had a more abrupt onset of PA (p = 0.022), but showed a milder hormonal involvement (p = 0.008) and a lower rate of persistent hypopituitarism during follow-up (p = 0.001). Patients in the vaccination group did not have clinical risk factors for PA, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PA associated with COVID19 is a rare but clinically significant entity, although pathophysiological details of this association are lacking. Given the significantly different clinical presentation, we could speculate that PA induced by COVID19 vaccination might represent a distinct clinical entity, with different pathophysiological mechanism, compared to PA from COVID19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aim: Phoenixin (PNX), a newly discovered neuropeptide associated with reproduction, has been speculated to be involved in precocious puberty. Therefore, we assessed serum PNX levels in girls with precocious puberty.
Methods: Serum phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) levels were determined in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) and in healthy controls (n = 58 per group). Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of PNX for the diagnosis of CPP. Significant predictors of serum PNX levels were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multiple linear regression analyses.
Results: Serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were significantly higher in girls with CPP than in the controls; however, no significant differences in serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were observed between girls with PT and the controls. PNX-20 levels were positively correlated with basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, peak LH levels, the peak LH to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and estradiol levels. No significant correlation was observed between PNX-14 levels and any of these parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that PNX-20 levels exhibited the strongest correlation with peak LH/FSH values. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PNX-14 and PNX-20 for predicting CPP were 0.628 (cut-off value, 100.12 pg/mL; sensitivity, 44.6%; specificity, 77.6%) and 0.775 (cut-off value, 360.03 pg/mL; sensitivity, 66.5%; specificity, 79.3%), respectively. When these two indicators were combined, the AUC was 0.785.
Conclusions: Serum PNX levels may be associated with precocious puberty in girls and can be used as an auxiliary CPP indicator. However, given the low sensitivity and specificity of PNX, it should not be used as a single diagnostic indicator of CPP.
{"title":"Serum phoenixin levels in girls with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.","authors":"Yujie Qin, Hongyang Deng, Lujie Liu, Meng Li, Jiong Yang, Chenglin Zhang, Jing Zhou, Yanfeng Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04074-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04074-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Phoenixin (PNX), a newly discovered neuropeptide associated with reproduction, has been speculated to be involved in precocious puberty. Therefore, we assessed serum PNX levels in girls with precocious puberty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) levels were determined in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) and in healthy controls (n = 58 per group). Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of PNX for the diagnosis of CPP. Significant predictors of serum PNX levels were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multiple linear regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were significantly higher in girls with CPP than in the controls; however, no significant differences in serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were observed between girls with PT and the controls. PNX-20 levels were positively correlated with basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, peak LH levels, the peak LH to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and estradiol levels. No significant correlation was observed between PNX-14 levels and any of these parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that PNX-20 levels exhibited the strongest correlation with peak LH/FSH values. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PNX-14 and PNX-20 for predicting CPP were 0.628 (cut-off value, 100.12 pg/mL; sensitivity, 44.6%; specificity, 77.6%) and 0.775 (cut-off value, 360.03 pg/mL; sensitivity, 66.5%; specificity, 79.3%), respectively. When these two indicators were combined, the AUC was 0.785.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum PNX levels may be associated with precocious puberty in girls and can be used as an auxiliary CPP indicator. However, given the low sensitivity and specificity of PNX, it should not be used as a single diagnostic indicator of CPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04077-8
Rebeca Bandeira de Melo Cavalcante, Lenora Maria Camarate Silveira Martins Leão, Ana Beatriz Winter Tavares, Karynne Grutter Lopes, Carlos Terra, Angelo Antunes Salgado, Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
Purpose: In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ectopic fat accumulation remains debatable. Therefore, intra-abdominal, hepatic, and epicardial fat were compared between PCOS women and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls and their associations with metabolic and hormonal parameters were explored. Furthermore, the performance of echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and hepatic steatosis measurement using transient elastography-based controlled attenuation parameter (TE-CAP) in screening abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was originally evaluated.
Methods: Women aged 18-39 years with BMI < 35 kg/m² were recruited. PCOS was defined by the Rotterdam criteria. All participants underwent clinical and laboratory exams, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), TE-CAP, and echocardiography. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the accuracy and optimal cutoff values of TE-CAP and EATT in predicting DXA-measured VAT.
Results: The study included 35 women with PCOS and 37 controls. PCOS women exhibited higher levels of androgens, insulin resistance (IR) parameters, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VAT, and EATT. VAT correlated with IR and triglycerides, whereas EATT correlated with HDL-cholesterol. In PCOS women aged 18-29, the cutoff values of CAP and EATT for VAT were 198.0 and 3.07, respectively, with CAP showing higher area under the curves (AUC). In PCOS women aged 30-39, the cutoff values were 209.5 and 3.36, respectively, with EATT showing higher AUC.
Conclusion: VAT correlates with more metabolic parameters in PCOS than TE-CAP or EATT. TE-CAP is useful for VAT screening in PCOS patients aged 18-39 years, whereas EATT is effective and outperforms CAP in those aged 30-39 years.
{"title":"Visceral adipose tissue, epicardial fat, and hepatic steatosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: a study of ectopic fat stores and metabolic dysfunction.","authors":"Rebeca Bandeira de Melo Cavalcante, Lenora Maria Camarate Silveira Martins Leão, Ana Beatriz Winter Tavares, Karynne Grutter Lopes, Carlos Terra, Angelo Antunes Salgado, Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04077-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04077-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ectopic fat accumulation remains debatable. Therefore, intra-abdominal, hepatic, and epicardial fat were compared between PCOS women and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls and their associations with metabolic and hormonal parameters were explored. Furthermore, the performance of echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and hepatic steatosis measurement using transient elastography-based controlled attenuation parameter (TE-CAP) in screening abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was originally evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women aged 18-39 years with BMI < 35 kg/m² were recruited. PCOS was defined by the Rotterdam criteria. All participants underwent clinical and laboratory exams, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), TE-CAP, and echocardiography. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the accuracy and optimal cutoff values of TE-CAP and EATT in predicting DXA-measured VAT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 35 women with PCOS and 37 controls. PCOS women exhibited higher levels of androgens, insulin resistance (IR) parameters, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VAT, and EATT. VAT correlated with IR and triglycerides, whereas EATT correlated with HDL-cholesterol. In PCOS women aged 18-29, the cutoff values of CAP and EATT for VAT were 198.0 and 3.07, respectively, with CAP showing higher area under the curves (AUC). In PCOS women aged 30-39, the cutoff values were 209.5 and 3.36, respectively, with EATT showing higher AUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VAT correlates with more metabolic parameters in PCOS than TE-CAP or EATT. TE-CAP is useful for VAT screening in PCOS patients aged 18-39 years, whereas EATT is effective and outperforms CAP in those aged 30-39 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04079-6
Krystallenia I Alexandraki, Eirini Papadimitriou, Ariadni Spyroglou, Angeliki Karapanagioti, Ioanna Antonopoulou, Irini Theohari, Odysseas Violetis, Georgios C Sotiropoulos, Stamatios Theocharis, Gregory A Kaltsas
Purpose: Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors are the largest known family of tyrosine kinases receptors (TKR) in humans, implicated in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The aim of the present study is to assess the expression of EPHs in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).
Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of specimens of 30 patients with gastroenteropancreatic and lung NENs was performed for EPH-A1, EPH-A2, EPH-A4, EPH-A5 protein expression, in addition to ki-67 multiplication index and programmed death-ligand 1. Additionally, we performed a systematic review of the available literature in three different databases reporting on the expression of EPH in all neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Results: Positive expression was seen in 16/19 (84%) specimens for EPH-A1, 15/23 (65%) for EPH-A2, 21/24 (88%) for EPH-A4, 24/26 (92%) for EPH-A5. EPH-A1 was expressed in 9/9 pancreatic, 3/4 small intestine, but not in one lung NEN, EPH-A2 in 5/10 pancreatic, 3/4 small intestine and lung, and in one of each of gastric, appendix, colorectal, and cervical NENs, respectively. EPH-A4 showed positive expression in 9/11 pancreatic, 4/4 small intestine, 3/3 lung specimens and EPH-A5 in 10/11, 4/4 and 4/4, respectively. Data retrieved from the systematic review of the literature in combination with the data from the present study are suggestive of a frequent EPH expression in pituitary, thyroid, lung and gastroenteropancreatic NENs, yet, with varying expressions of the single receptor subtypes.
Conclusion: EPHs may have a role in NEN tumorigenesis, prognosis as well as a role in the evolving molecular-targeted therapies.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of ephrin receptors in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a case-series of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and a systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Krystallenia I Alexandraki, Eirini Papadimitriou, Ariadni Spyroglou, Angeliki Karapanagioti, Ioanna Antonopoulou, Irini Theohari, Odysseas Violetis, Georgios C Sotiropoulos, Stamatios Theocharis, Gregory A Kaltsas","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04079-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04079-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors are the largest known family of tyrosine kinases receptors (TKR) in humans, implicated in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The aim of the present study is to assess the expression of EPHs in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining of specimens of 30 patients with gastroenteropancreatic and lung NENs was performed for EPH-A1, EPH-A2, EPH-A4, EPH-A5 protein expression, in addition to ki-67 multiplication index and programmed death-ligand 1. Additionally, we performed a systematic review of the available literature in three different databases reporting on the expression of EPH in all neuroendocrine neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive expression was seen in 16/19 (84%) specimens for EPH-A1, 15/23 (65%) for EPH-A2, 21/24 (88%) for EPH-A4, 24/26 (92%) for EPH-A5. EPH-A1 was expressed in 9/9 pancreatic, 3/4 small intestine, but not in one lung NEN, EPH-A2 in 5/10 pancreatic, 3/4 small intestine and lung, and in one of each of gastric, appendix, colorectal, and cervical NENs, respectively. EPH-A4 showed positive expression in 9/11 pancreatic, 4/4 small intestine, 3/3 lung specimens and EPH-A5 in 10/11, 4/4 and 4/4, respectively. Data retrieved from the systematic review of the literature in combination with the data from the present study are suggestive of a frequent EPH expression in pituitary, thyroid, lung and gastroenteropancreatic NENs, yet, with varying expressions of the single receptor subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EPHs may have a role in NEN tumorigenesis, prognosis as well as a role in the evolving molecular-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04073-y
Iustin Daniel Toma, Dan Alexandru Niculescu, Simona Andreea Găloiu, Raluca Alexandra Trifănescu, Cătălina Poiană
Purpose: Mortality in pituitary adenomas (PAs) has been extensively compared to general population. However, direct comparisons between PA subtypes are scarce. We aimed to compare mortality in various subtypes of PA (acromegaly, Cushing's disease (CD), macroprolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (MacroNFPA)), within a single referral center.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed mortality and survival time in all 962 PAs admitted in our department between 2011 and 2023: acromegaly (n = 306), CD (n = 69), macroprolactinoma (n = 168) and MacroNFPA (n = 419).
Results: Median follow-up was 10.2 (5.2, 15.2) years. The overall survival probability was 90.9% and 78.1% after 10 and 20 years respectively with age at diagnosis as the only significant predictor. There were no significant differences in survival probability between various PA subtypes in the whole cohort. In patients over 45 years of age at diagnosis there was a significant difference in survival probability between the four groups (p = 0.01) in the first 15 years of follow-up. In head-to-head comparisons CD had a significantly higher mortality risk than patients with acromegaly (HR 3.38 [CI 95% 1.07 to 10.60]) even after adjusting for age and sex.
Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with CD after 45 years of age have a significantly lower survival probability than other PA subtypes in the first 15 years of follow-up. All other PA subtypes had a similar survival probability after adjusting for age and sex. Due to advances in medical treatment of hormone secreting tumors, mortality in patients with PAs might increasingly depend more on tumor mass than on hormonal hypersecretion.
目的:垂体腺瘤(PA)的死亡率已被广泛地与普通人群进行比较。然而,对不同亚型垂体腺瘤死亡率的直接比较却很少。我们旨在比较一个转诊中心内不同亚型 PA(肢端肥大症、库欣病(CD)、巨泌乳素瘤和无功能垂体大腺瘤(MacroNFPA))的死亡率:我们回顾性分析了2011年至2023年期间我科收治的所有962例PA患者的死亡率和生存时间:肢端肥大症(306例)、CD(69例)、大泌乳素瘤(168例)和MacroNFPA(419例):中位随访时间为 10.2 (5.2, 15.2) 年。10年和20年后的总生存率分别为90.9%和78.1%,诊断时的年龄是唯一重要的预测因素。在整个队列中,各种 PA 亚型之间的存活率没有明显差异。对于确诊时年龄超过45岁的患者,在最初15年的随访中,四组患者的存活率存在显著差异(P = 0.01)。在头对头比较中,CD患者的死亡风险明显高于肢端肥大症患者(HR 3.38 [CI 95% 1.07至10.60]),即使在调整年龄和性别后也是如此:结论:45岁以后确诊的CD患者在最初15年的随访中存活几率明显低于其他PA亚型。在对年龄和性别进行调整后,所有其他 PA 亚型的生存概率相似。由于激素分泌性肿瘤的医学治疗取得了进展,PA 患者的死亡率可能越来越多地取决于肿瘤的体积,而不是激素分泌过多。
{"title":"Comparative mortality in pituitary adenomas subtypes: a tertiary referral center study.","authors":"Iustin Daniel Toma, Dan Alexandru Niculescu, Simona Andreea Găloiu, Raluca Alexandra Trifănescu, Cătălina Poiană","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04073-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04073-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mortality in pituitary adenomas (PAs) has been extensively compared to general population. However, direct comparisons between PA subtypes are scarce. We aimed to compare mortality in various subtypes of PA (acromegaly, Cushing's disease (CD), macroprolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (MacroNFPA)), within a single referral center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed mortality and survival time in all 962 PAs admitted in our department between 2011 and 2023: acromegaly (n = 306), CD (n = 69), macroprolactinoma (n = 168) and MacroNFPA (n = 419).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up was 10.2 (5.2, 15.2) years. The overall survival probability was 90.9% and 78.1% after 10 and 20 years respectively with age at diagnosis as the only significant predictor. There were no significant differences in survival probability between various PA subtypes in the whole cohort. In patients over 45 years of age at diagnosis there was a significant difference in survival probability between the four groups (p = 0.01) in the first 15 years of follow-up. In head-to-head comparisons CD had a significantly higher mortality risk than patients with acromegaly (HR 3.38 [CI 95% 1.07 to 10.60]) even after adjusting for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients diagnosed with CD after 45 years of age have a significantly lower survival probability than other PA subtypes in the first 15 years of follow-up. All other PA subtypes had a similar survival probability after adjusting for age and sex. Due to advances in medical treatment of hormone secreting tumors, mortality in patients with PAs might increasingly depend more on tumor mass than on hormonal hypersecretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Data on the polar vessel sign (enlarged feeding vessel terminating in parathyroid lesions) on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence, predictors, and adjunctive utility of polar vessel sign in pre-operative 4D-CT of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
Methods: One radiologist blinded to the patients' details reported the 4D-CT of eighty-four operated patients with histopathology-proven single-gland PHPT. Two protocols were used to obtain arterial-phase images: timed via bolus tracking (n = 41) or fixed at 20 s after contrast injection (n = 43).
Results: Seventy-one patients were symptomatic for PHPT, with median serum calcium 12.1 mg/dL. On the arterial phase of 4D-CT, 88.1% of lesions had the polar vessel sign, including 7/9 asymptomatic patients, 6/6 parathyroid carcinomas, and 3/4 ectopic(1:mediastinum, 2:thyro-thymic ligament). Predictors of polar vessel sign were maximum lesion dimension (2.2 vs. 1.4 cm; P = 0.03), solid-cystic CT morphology (47.3% vs. none; P = 0.004), and bolus tracking-timed arterial phase (55.4% vs. none; P = 0.001). Of these, bolus tracking improved the polar vessel's visualization (100% vs. 76.7%; P = 0.001) independent of lesion dimension and solid-cystic morphology. The latter two predicted polar vessel sign in images obtained at a fixed interval (20 s). A significantly lower proportion of bolus tracking-timed scans had lesion percentage arterial enhancement (PAE) < 128.9% (2/41 vs. 9/43; P = 0.04). Even with suboptimal PAE, the polar vessel helped identify 9/11 lesions.
Conclusion: The polar vessel sign demonstrated an additive role to PAE during CT reporting. Bolus tracking is valuable in optimizing vessel and tumor arterial enhancement and is easily incorporated into parathyroid 4D-CT protocol.
目的:有关四维计算机断层扫描(4D-CT)中极性血管征(终止于甲状旁腺病变的扩大进血管)的数据非常有限。我们进行了一项回顾性分析,以确定原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)患者术前四维计算机断层扫描中极性血管征的发生率、预测因素和辅助作用:一位对患者详细情况保密的放射科医生报告了84例经组织病理学证实的单腺PHPT手术患者的4D-CT结果。采用两种方案获取动脉相位图像:通过栓剂跟踪定时(41 例)或在注射对比剂后 20 秒固定(43 例):71名患者有PHPT症状,血钙中位数为12.1 mg/dL。在4D-CT的动脉期,88.1%的病变有极性血管征,其中7/9为无症状患者,6/6为甲状旁腺癌,3/4为异位(1:纵隔,2:甲状胸腺韧带)。极性血管征的预测因素包括病变最大尺寸(2.2 cm vs. 1.4 cm; P = 0.03)、实性囊性CT形态(47.3% vs. none; P = 0.004)和栓质追踪定时动脉相位(55.4% vs. none; P = 0.001)。其中,栓剂追踪提高了极性血管的可视化(100% 对 76.7%;P = 0.001),与病变尺寸和实性囊肿形态无关。后两者可预测以固定间隔(20 秒)获取的图像中极性血管的征象。栓剂跟踪定时扫描中病变动脉百分比增强(PAE)的比例明显较低 结论:极性血管征在 CT 报告中对 PAE 起着补充作用。栓剂追踪在优化血管和肿瘤动脉增强方面很有价值,很容易纳入甲状旁腺 4D-CT 方案。
{"title":"The polar vessel sign: insights from CT imaging analysis in Asian Indian primary hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Anima Sharma, Saba Samad Memon, Manjunath Goroshi, Shetteppa Goroshi, Virendra Patil, Padma Vikram Badhe, Hemangini Thakkar, Vijaya Sarathi, Aditya Phadte, Chethan Yami Channaiah, Manjiri Karlekar, Rohit Barnabas, Anurag Ranjan Lila, Tushar Bandgar","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04076-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04076-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Data on the polar vessel sign (enlarged feeding vessel terminating in parathyroid lesions) on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence, predictors, and adjunctive utility of polar vessel sign in pre-operative 4D-CT of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One radiologist blinded to the patients' details reported the 4D-CT of eighty-four operated patients with histopathology-proven single-gland PHPT. Two protocols were used to obtain arterial-phase images: timed via bolus tracking (n = 41) or fixed at 20 s after contrast injection (n = 43).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-one patients were symptomatic for PHPT, with median serum calcium 12.1 mg/dL. On the arterial phase of 4D-CT, 88.1% of lesions had the polar vessel sign, including 7/9 asymptomatic patients, 6/6 parathyroid carcinomas, and 3/4 ectopic(1:mediastinum, 2:thyro-thymic ligament). Predictors of polar vessel sign were maximum lesion dimension (2.2 vs. 1.4 cm; P = 0.03), solid-cystic CT morphology (47.3% vs. none; P = 0.004), and bolus tracking-timed arterial phase (55.4% vs. none; P = 0.001). Of these, bolus tracking improved the polar vessel's visualization (100% vs. 76.7%; P = 0.001) independent of lesion dimension and solid-cystic morphology. The latter two predicted polar vessel sign in images obtained at a fixed interval (20 s). A significantly lower proportion of bolus tracking-timed scans had lesion percentage arterial enhancement (PAE) < 128.9% (2/41 vs. 9/43; P = 0.04). Even with suboptimal PAE, the polar vessel helped identify 9/11 lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The polar vessel sign demonstrated an additive role to PAE during CT reporting. Bolus tracking is valuable in optimizing vessel and tumor arterial enhancement and is easily incorporated into parathyroid 4D-CT protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04080-z
Henrik Falhammar, Gundela Holmdahl, Helena Filipsson Nyström, Anna Nordenström, Kerstin Hagenfeldt, Agneta Nordenskjöld
Purpose: To study what adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) thought about the timing of genital surgery.
Methods: As part of a larger follow-up study performed between the years 2002-2005 there were questionnaires concerning genital surgery, type of surgery, their thoughts about timing of genital surgery and experience of information about surgery. Early surgery was defined as ≤4 years of age and late ≥10 years. The medical and surgical files were reviewed.
Results: 62 women with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, mean age 28 years (18-63) were included. The age at first genital surgery was 3 years (0-28 years) in the 52 patients (84%) who had had genital surgery, with 60% had early surgery (≤4 years) and 29% late (≥10 years). Almost half of the cohort had a positive experience of the information about surgery, a third had no opinion and a fifth had a negative experience. Of the women 39% thought that early surgery was good, while 19% thought it should be done during or after puberty and 42% had no opinion. Of those preferring early surgery 70% had early surgery themselves. Vaginal surgery was less common among those favoring early surgery. Age, phenotype, genotype, decade of surgery and experience of the information about surgery did not differ significantly between the three groups.
Conclusion: Equal numbers of women had no opinion regarding age at surgery or preferred early surgery while 19% thought it would be preferred to have surgery during or after puberty.
{"title":"Women's response regarding timing of genital surgery in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","authors":"Henrik Falhammar, Gundela Holmdahl, Helena Filipsson Nyström, Anna Nordenström, Kerstin Hagenfeldt, Agneta Nordenskjöld","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04080-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04080-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study what adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) thought about the timing of genital surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a larger follow-up study performed between the years 2002-2005 there were questionnaires concerning genital surgery, type of surgery, their thoughts about timing of genital surgery and experience of information about surgery. Early surgery was defined as ≤4 years of age and late ≥10 years. The medical and surgical files were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>62 women with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, mean age 28 years (18-63) were included. The age at first genital surgery was 3 years (0-28 years) in the 52 patients (84%) who had had genital surgery, with 60% had early surgery (≤4 years) and 29% late (≥10 years). Almost half of the cohort had a positive experience of the information about surgery, a third had no opinion and a fifth had a negative experience. Of the women 39% thought that early surgery was good, while 19% thought it should be done during or after puberty and 42% had no opinion. Of those preferring early surgery 70% had early surgery themselves. Vaginal surgery was less common among those favoring early surgery. Age, phenotype, genotype, decade of surgery and experience of the information about surgery did not differ significantly between the three groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Equal numbers of women had no opinion regarding age at surgery or preferred early surgery while 19% thought it would be preferred to have surgery during or after puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04035-4
Yuenan Zheng, Jie Zhao, Yang Shi, Zhiqiang Gui, Chun Xu, Qingshu Wu, Zhihong Wang, Hao Zhang, Liang He
Purpose: Researches indicate that patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are prone to experiencing anxiety and depression. However, lacking of large-scale, prospective studies thoroughly examine the trajectory of these emotional states. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in anxiety and depression levels in PTC patients before and after operation and assess the impact of gender and menopausal states on emotional well-being.
Method: A prospective longitudinal study enrolled 320 PTC patients who completed the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) at pre- and post-operation. Paired-sample T-tests and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate emotional changes and identify influencing factors.
Results: Anxiety and depression levels significantly increased (p = 0.028, p = 0.005) postoperatively, with incidence of 13.8% for anxiety and 26.9% for depression. Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender was a factor affecting depression (p = 0.041), and menopausal state significantly influenced emotions including anxiety and depression (p = 0.004, p = 0.031). Subgroup analysis showed that female patients exhibited higher levels of adverse emotions postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p = 0.003, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, female patients were more susceptible to anxiety and depression (p = 0.011, p = 0.029), and postmenopausal women were particularly at risk for depression (p = 0.017).
Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of postoperative psychological care, particularly for female and postmenopausal patients. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed for a comprehensive understanding of psychological changes in PTC survivors.
{"title":"Anxiety and depression in papillary thyroid cancer patients: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Yuenan Zheng, Jie Zhao, Yang Shi, Zhiqiang Gui, Chun Xu, Qingshu Wu, Zhihong Wang, Hao Zhang, Liang He","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04035-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04035-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Researches indicate that patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are prone to experiencing anxiety and depression. However, lacking of large-scale, prospective studies thoroughly examine the trajectory of these emotional states. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in anxiety and depression levels in PTC patients before and after operation and assess the impact of gender and menopausal states on emotional well-being.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective longitudinal study enrolled 320 PTC patients who completed the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) at pre- and post-operation. Paired-sample T-tests and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate emotional changes and identify influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety and depression levels significantly increased (p = 0.028, p = 0.005) postoperatively, with incidence of 13.8% for anxiety and 26.9% for depression. Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender was a factor affecting depression (p = 0.041), and menopausal state significantly influenced emotions including anxiety and depression (p = 0.004, p = 0.031). Subgroup analysis showed that female patients exhibited higher levels of adverse emotions postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p = 0.003, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, female patients were more susceptible to anxiety and depression (p = 0.011, p = 0.029), and postmenopausal women were particularly at risk for depression (p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the importance of postoperative psychological care, particularly for female and postmenopausal patients. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed for a comprehensive understanding of psychological changes in PTC survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4) is a secretory protein that belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of REG4 as a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome by analyzing the correlation between serum REG4 levels and metabolic syndrome.
Methods: Serum REG4 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate REG4-related genes and metabolic signaling pathways.
Results: Serum REG4 levels were significantly elevated in MetS patients compared to healthy controls (439.7 vs. 422.6 ng/L, p < 0.01). In addition, circulating REG4 levels showed a positive correlation with AUGg, HbA1c, VAI, BMI, WHR, TG, TC, LDL-C, while being inversely correlated with HDL-C in the study population. Serum REG4 levels were positively correlated with MetS score. Multiple linear regression analysis identified HOMA-IR and LDL-C as independent factors affecting serum REG4 concentration. Interventional studies have shown that OGTT can significantly increase serum REG4 levels in healthy individuals, but significantly reduce REG4 levels in MetS patients. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that REG4 is linked to several metabolism-related genes and is enriched in various metabolism-related signaling pathways.
Conclusion: REG4 may serve as a valuable biomarker and potential treatment target for insulin resistance (IR) and MetS.
{"title":"Elevated circulating regenerating islet-derived protein 4 levels in patients with metabolic syndrome and related to its key components.","authors":"Tianjiao Shen, Yu Yang, Yerui Lai, Hongmin Zhang, Dongfang Liu, Cong Wang, Ling Li, Weiwei Xu, Ke Li, Shengbing Li, Mengliu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04056-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04056-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4) is a secretory protein that belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of REG4 as a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome by analyzing the correlation between serum REG4 levels and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum REG4 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate REG4-related genes and metabolic signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum REG4 levels were significantly elevated in MetS patients compared to healthy controls (439.7 vs. 422.6 ng/L, p < 0.01). In addition, circulating REG4 levels showed a positive correlation with AUGg, HbA1c, VAI, BMI, WHR, TG, TC, LDL-C, while being inversely correlated with HDL-C in the study population. Serum REG4 levels were positively correlated with MetS score. Multiple linear regression analysis identified HOMA-IR and LDL-C as independent factors affecting serum REG4 concentration. Interventional studies have shown that OGTT can significantly increase serum REG4 levels in healthy individuals, but significantly reduce REG4 levels in MetS patients. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that REG4 is linked to several metabolism-related genes and is enriched in various metabolism-related signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>REG4 may serve as a valuable biomarker and potential treatment target for insulin resistance (IR) and MetS.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ChiCTR2000032878.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}