Endocrine最新文献

Background: Depression is a common but often underrecognized comorbidity in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Identifying its prevalence can help in early intervention and better management.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and to evaluate associations with gender, age, diabetes duration, and comorbid conditions.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 diabetic patients attending outpatient services at a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected via structured interviews using the HAM-D [1] questionnaire. A HAM-D score ≥ 8 was considered indicative of depression. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and subgroup analysis based on gender, age groups, and other variables.

Results: Among 89 patients, 26 (29.2%) were found to have depression. The prevalence was higher in females (36.8%) compared to males (23.5%). Depression was more frequent in older age groups, particularly among patients aged 60-74 years. [Pie chart and bar graphs to be inserted.] CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of diabetic patients exhibit depressive symptoms, particularly older individuals and females. Routine screening using tools like HAM-D can aid in early identification and intervention.

Purpose: Hypocalcemia is a common complication after total thyroidectomy (TT). Several studies have identified risk factors for early biochemical hypocalcemia, nevertheless, the noteworthy symptomatic hypocalcemia has not been considered. This study aims to construct an intuitive predictive model for biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia to assist individualized management.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on thyroid cancer patients undergoing TT. Two separate patient cohorts were used for model development and external validation, respectively. Data were gathered to identify the risk factors for biochemical (serum calcium <8.0 mg/dL) and symptomatic hypocalcemia by logistic regression. A predictive model was visualized by a nomogram and validated internally and externally.

Results: Of 431 patients studied, 258 (59.9%) developed hypocalcemia including 180 with biochemical hypocalcemia and 196 with symptomatic hypocalcemia, of whom 118 patients had both. Female (OR 2.108, 95% CI 1.166-3.812, P = 0.014) and postoperative PTH decreased ratio ≥ 60% (OR 22.489, 95% CI 13.289-38.058, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for hypocalcemia, while BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² (OR 0.567, 95% CI 0.331-0.970, P = 0.038) was a protective factor. Besides, Hashimoto's thyroiditis tended to increase the risk of hypocalcemia (P = 0.082). A nomogram was developed and a predicted probability of exceeding 0.55 suggested a higher risk of hypocalcemia with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.1%. The internal and external validated areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.860 and 0.862, respectively.

Conclusion: The validated nomogram combining gender, BMI and proportion of PTH reduction may guide the risk identification and stratified management of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Purpose: Adrenal crisis (AC) is the most severe manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) and is associated with high mortality. Its insidious presentation often leads to a delayed diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we aim to determine the incidence, characteristics, precipitating and predisposing factors for AC.

Methods: A total of 132 patients with PAI were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' features and information on their previous AC were collected through a structured interview and clinical documentation, supplied by patients or retrieved from archives of the Hospitals of Padova and Venice-Mestre.

Results: Among enrolled patients, 95 (71.9%) were females, the mean age was 48.8 ± 13.5 years, and the mean PAI duration was 14.9 ± 11.8 years. The most frequent cause of PAI was autoimmune adrenalitis (92.4%), mainly associated with other autoimmune comorbidities. The 65.9% of patients experienced at least one AC, with an incidence of 10.5/100 patient-years. A significant number of AC (116/206) occurred in patients already undergoing glucocorticoid therapy. The most frequent features of AC were fatigue (96%), gastrointestinal symptoms (85%), and hyponatremia (77%). The most frequent triggers were vomiting and/or diarrhoea (65%), infections (38%), and emotional stress (29%). Patients with more autoimmune comorbidities and those with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) were at higher risk of AC (p < 0.02).

Conclusions: AC is still a frequent complication of patients with PAI, particularly in those with additional autoimmune comorbidities or with POI. Awareness of AC among clinicians, patients, and care-givers is crucial for the prevention, recognition, and proper treatment of this life-threatening complication.

Background: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common among elderly patients, there are no large studies examining the geriatric status of patients with T2DM.

Aim: To study the characteristics of geriatric status in patients with T2DM aged ≥ 65 years.

Materials and methods: The multicenter EVKALIPT study conducted in 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation included 4308 patients aged 65-107 years (mean age 78 ± 8 years), who were divided into two groups: with T2DM (n = 935) and without T2DM (n = 3360). All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment: a survey (step 1) and a physical examination (step 2).

Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 21.8% (n = 935), predominantly in patients aged 65-74 years. The comprehensive geriatric assessment showed that changes in the geriatric status are more pronounced in T2DM, namely: lower basic activity in everyday life and a lower total score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); slower walking speed; lower handgrip strength in women; worse health self-assessment score, higher total score on the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) and on the questionnaire "Age is not a hindrance;" more pronounced pain syndrome; and the use of a greater number of assistive devices per patient was noted. Geriatric syndromes (GS), which were detected more often in the group with T2DM in comparison without T2DM were: chronic pain syndrome (91 vs 86%, p < 0.001), frailty (67 vs 62%, p = 0.005), basic dependence in everyday life (67 vs 60%, p < 0.001), depression (52 vs 47%, p = 0.004), urinary incontinence (51 vs 44%, p < 0.001), falls (34 vs 30%, p = 0.004%), and pressure ulcers (3.3 vs 2%, p = 0014). Regression analysis demonstrated that T2DM is associated with an increased risk of developing such GS as basic dependence of patients in everyday life, frailty syndrome, pressure ulcers, chronic pain, depression (odds ratio from 1.19-1.78).

Conclusion: Geriatric status was worse in patients with T2DM than in those without T2DM. It has been demonstrated that T2DM adversely affects the physical performance of patients aged 65 years and older.

Highlights: To study the characteristics of geriatric status in patients with T2DM aged ≥ 65 years. T2DM was associated with geriatric syndromes due to worse performance status in patients aged ≥ 65 years. In routine clinical practice, it is necessary to identify geriatric syndromes in patients with T2DM. This will foster patient-centered approach, which undoubtedly contributes to improving the quality of life of elderly patients with T2DM.

Purpose: Postoperative remission in pituitary adenoma (PA) patients significantly affects treatment outcomes and quality of life. Accurate prediction of remission is crucial for neurosurgeons and oncologists as it aids in personalizing treatment plans, optimizing follow-up care, and preventing unnecessary interventions. Unlike diagnostic classification, this review specifically focuses on remission prediction as a distinct prognostic application of AI. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting remission outcomes in PA patients.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the google scholar was conducted to identify eligible studies until Dec 2024. Data on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) were extracted from the included studies.

Results: Out of 1530 studies screened, 10 met our eligibility criteria involving ML approaches in patients with confirmed PA. ML algorithms, particularly artificial neural networks (ANN), offer promising performance for predicting remission outcomes in PA patients. Meta-analysis of 10 studies resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74-0.91), specificity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74-0.91), positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR) of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.11-0.32), negative DLR of 15.26 (95% CI: 8.23-28.26), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 28.25 (95% CI: 10.85-73.57), the diagnostic score was 3.34 (95% CI: 2.38-4.3) and an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93).

Conclusion: ML-based models demonstrate moderate to high diagnostic accuracy in predicting remission outcomes in PA patients. While these models show promise in enhancing clinical decision-making post-surgery, further prospective validation and larger studies are necessary before their routine clinical integration.

Objective: Preclinical data suggest nitazoxanide (NTZ) as a potential PPAR-γ agonist with potential benefits in type 2 diabetes. This pilot trial aimed to explore the tolerability and preliminary effects of NTZ as an add-on therapy to the existing metformin-vildagliptin combination on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients were analyzed in the control and NTZ groups (44 per group). All patients were treated with metformin-vildagliptin combination. The NTZ group received 500 mg nitazoxanide orally twice daily. The primary outcome was glycemic control, assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. Secondary outcomes included fasting insulin, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), asprosin, and malondialdehyde (MDA). All outcomes were measured at baseline and after three months.

Results: A between-groups comparison revealed significantly lower inflammatory markers with NTZ compared to control [IL-6: 23.64 ng/L (21.00-32.71) vs. 32.52 ng/L (29.63-36.13) and HMGB-1: 10.46 ng/mL (6.37-14.61) vs. 22.60 ng/mL (20.18-27.37), P < 0.001 for both]. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, insulin, asprosin, and MDA were not considerably different between the two groups. Markedly lower levels of IL-6 (P = 0.009), HMGB-1 (P < 0.001), asprosin, (P = 0.002), and MDA (P < 0.001) were observed following NTZ treatment. Conversely, IL-6 and HMGB-1 increased significantly in the control group (P < 0.001 for both). Other biomarkers did not change significantly in both groups.

Conclusion: NTZ may alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes despite no improvement in glycemic parameters.

Trial registration: This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the name: Nitazoxanide as Adjuvant Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with the identifier: NCT06010992. Registration date: 8-2023.