Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02482-180215
Viviane Zulian, Andrea R. Norris, Kristina L. Cockle, Alison N. Porter, Lauryn G. Do, Krista L. De Groot
We examined the effects of façade-level building and vegetation features on bird-window collision risk, and how these effects varied across seasons at a Pacific coastal campus with mild winters, abundant evergreen vegetation, and seasonally varied bird communities. We searched for bird carcasses at 57 façades of 8 buildings at the University of British Columbia (UBC) over 155 days between January 2015 and March 2017 (total: 8835 façade surveys). Collision monitoring occurred across five equal sampling periods that represented stages of the annual cycle of the bird community, including the fall and spring migratory periods, the breeding season, and the long overwintering period. For each season, we compared logistic regression models predicting the odds of a collision from different sets of façade and vegetation characteristics expected to influence collisions: façade area, area of glass, porous surface cover (ground and shrub vegetation, soil, leaf litter), tree cover, and the number of building stories reflecting vegetation. Consistent with other studies, area of glass had a positive influence on collision probability in all seasons; however, the effect was strongest during the fall migratory period, when daily collision mortality rates peaked at UBC. The number of stories reflecting vegetation also increased collision probability, but only in the fall, indicating that the vertical extent of vegetation and reflective glass may affect collision risk differently as bird communities change across seasons. Façade area increased collision probability only in the winter (a long and lethal period for bird collisions at UBC), reflecting different risk factors associated with the species most vulnerable to collisions in this season. Our results highlight the need to measure building and vegetation effects across the longest and most lethal stages of the annual cycle of birds, both to predict the impact of proposed buildings and to prioritize mitigation strategies that will result in the greatest conservation benefits.
The post Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada first appeared on Avian Conservation and Ecology.
{"title":"Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Viviane Zulian, Andrea R. Norris, Kristina L. Cockle, Alison N. Porter, Lauryn G. Do, Krista L. De Groot","doi":"10.5751/ace-02482-180215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02482-180215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined the effects of façade-level building and vegetation features on bird-window collision risk, and how these effects varied across seasons at a Pacific coastal campus with mild winters, abundant evergreen vegetation, and seasonally varied bird communities. We searched for bird carcasses at 57 façades of 8 buildings at the University of British Columbia (UBC) over 155 days between January 2015 and March 2017 (total: 8835 façade surveys). Collision monitoring occurred across five equal sampling periods that represented stages of the annual cycle of the bird community, including the fall and spring migratory periods, the breeding season, and the long overwintering period. For each season, we compared logistic regression models predicting the odds of a collision from different sets of façade and vegetation characteristics expected to influence collisions: façade area, area of glass, porous surface cover (ground and shrub vegetation, soil, leaf litter), tree cover, and the number of building stories reflecting vegetation. Consistent with other studies, area of glass had a positive influence on collision probability in all seasons; however, the effect was strongest during the fall migratory period, when daily collision mortality rates peaked at UBC. The number of stories reflecting vegetation also increased collision probability, but only in the fall, indicating that the vertical extent of vegetation and reflective glass may affect collision risk differently as bird communities change across seasons. Façade area increased collision probability only in the winter (a long and lethal period for bird collisions at UBC), reflecting different risk factors associated with the species most vulnerable to collisions in this season. Our results highlight the need to measure building and vegetation effects across the longest and most lethal stages of the annual cycle of birds, both to predict the impact of proposed buildings and to prioritize mitigation strategies that will result in the greatest conservation benefits.</p>\u0000<p>The post Seasonal variation in drivers of bird-window collisions on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada first appeared on Avian Conservation and Ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"75 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02365-180102
Glenda D. Hevia, M. Bertellotti, D. Gibson, V. D’Amico
,
，
{"title":"Does human disturbance affect physiological traits of Two-banded Plovers nesting on an urban beach?","authors":"Glenda D. Hevia, M. Bertellotti, D. Gibson, V. D’Amico","doi":"10.5751/ace-02365-180102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02365-180102","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02405-180118
Sarfaraz Alam, Sakib Ahmed, K. Z. Azmiri, Raquibul Amin, M. Toor, Ashok Kumar, Datta, J. Waldenström, E. Haque, S. U. Chowdhury
,
，
{"title":"Population trends and effects of local environmental factors on waterbirds at Tanguar Haor freshwater wetland complex in northeast Bangladesh","authors":"Sarfaraz Alam, Sakib Ahmed, K. Z. Azmiri, Raquibul Amin, M. Toor, Ashok Kumar, Datta, J. Waldenström, E. Haque, S. U. Chowdhury","doi":"10.5751/ace-02405-180118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02405-180118","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02375-180101
J. Ludwig, S. Cooke, K. Hobson
In their recent essay in Avian Conservation and Ecology, Dorr et al. (2022) were compelled to clear up apparent misunderstandings they felt were perpetrated by the separate editorials of Hobson (2021) and Cooke (2021) dealing specifically with the Ontario government’s decision to allow a province-wide public cull of Double-crested Cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) in response to perceived conflicts with fisheries, conservation objectives, and human recreation. They claim to have addressed “misconceptions about cormorant and fishery interactions, summarize the current state of knowledge on the issue, and discuss a different approach based on collective experience in the United States.” They further suggest that both editorials imply that “cormorants rarely, if ever, are an issue for any reason, and that management is rarely warranted.” While we welcome the debate, it is clear to us (now including Ludwig, the senior author of this report) that such premises are simply not true; a more careful reading of our papers would have revealed a more dispassionate and scientific approach to the question and that we had very clearly focused almost entirely on the Great Lakes region vs. Double-crested Cormorants everywhere. Rather, the Dorr et al. (2022) response reflects the authors’ long careers in cormorant “management” and an apology for the record of the US government (and various state agencies) with respect to cormorant fisheries concerns. The apparent need by Dorr et al. (2022) to defend cormorant management in light of the irrational Canadian province-wide hunt /cull by an ill-informed public is revealing. Readers will know that we clearly acknowledged that certain situations justify cormorant management and should be conducted by professionals (as in fact quoted by Dorr et al. [2022] from Hobson’s editorial). Moreover, we never labeled cormorant management universally as “persecution.” Indeed, Hobson (2021) devoted considerable summary background on the myriad of environmental issues involved in the health of the Great Lakes that obscures any direct linkage between cormorants and fisheries in this region. The obvious take-home message from the Hobson (2021) and Cooke (2021) essays was how complex these natural systems are and how such complexity has hitherto been ignored by public advocates for cormorant control, governments, and several fisheries biologists. The Dorr et al. (2022) essay raises important issues but is afflicted by the same tunnel vision that has tainted many studies of fisheries and cormorants published by fisheries and wildlife biologists for decades. This included ignoring examples of any beneficial interactions of cormorants with game species, cherry-picking data sets to include only those data that suggest cormorants harm fisheries, creating models replete with unjustified or known false assumptions, the ignoring or outright misuse of published data, and a common tendency to assume the only important change in ecosystems where con
Dorr et al.(2022)在他们最近发表于《鸟类保护与生态学》(Avian Conservation and Ecology)的文章中，被迫澄清了明显的误解，他们认为这些误解是Hobson(2021)和Cooke(2021)的单独社论所造成的，这些社论专门处理安大略省政府决定允许在全省范围内公开捕杀双冠鸬鹚(Nannopterum auritum)，以回应与渔业、保护目标和人类娱乐的冲突。他们声称已经解决了“关于鸬鹚和渔业相互作用的误解，总结了目前关于这个问题的知识状况，并根据美国的集体经验讨论了一种不同的方法。”他们进一步指出，这两篇社论都暗示，“鸬鹚很少，如果有的话，是一个问题，因为任何原因，管理很少是必要的。”虽然我们欢迎辩论，但我们(现在包括本报告的资深作者路德维希)很清楚，这些前提根本不正确;更仔细地阅读我们的论文，就会发现我们对这个问题的态度更加冷静和科学，而且我们非常清楚地几乎完全集中在五大湖地区与双冠鸬鹚的对比上。相反，Dorr et al.(2022)的回应反映了作者在鸬鹚“管理”方面的长期职业生涯，以及对美国政府(和各个州机构)在鸬鹚渔业问题上的记录的道歉。Dorr et al.(2022)显然需要捍卫鸬鹚管理，鉴于不知情的公众在加拿大全省范围内进行非理性的狩猎/淘汰，这是发人深省的。读者会知道，我们清楚地认识到，在某些情况下，鸬鹚管理是合理的，应该由专业人士进行管理(事实上，多尔等人[2022]引用了霍布森的社论)。此外，我们从来没有把管理鸬鹚普遍贴上“迫害”的标签。事实上，Hobson(2021)对涉及五大湖健康的无数环境问题进行了大量的总结背景，这些问题掩盖了该地区鸬鹚与渔业之间的任何直接联系。霍布森(Hobson, 2021年)和库克(Cooke, 2021年)的文章中，显而易见的关键信息是，这些自然系统是多么复杂，而这种复杂性迄今为止是如何被鸬鹚控制的公众倡导者、政府和一些渔业生物学家所忽视的。Dorr et al.(2022)的文章提出了一些重要的问题，但受到了同样的狭隘视野的困扰，这种狭隘视野几十年来一直污染着渔业和野生动物生物学家发表的许多关于渔业和鸬鹚的研究。这包括忽略任何鸬鹚与狩猎物种有益的相互作用的例子，挑选数据集只包括那些表明鸬鹚危害渔业的数据，创建充满不合理或已知错误假设的模型，忽略或完全滥用已发表的数据，以及普遍倾向于假设存在冲突的生态系统中唯一重要的变化是鱼类资源(通常是狩猎鱼)和鸬鹚数量的变化。最令人吃惊的疏忽是隐含的假设，即入侵物种的激增及其与渔业的相互作用不会影响观察到的鸬鹚存在的经济重要鱼类物种的减少(Bunnell et al. 2017)。早期对五大湖的研究表明，鸬鹚很少吃野味鱼(Eck和Brown 1987年，Ludwig等人1989年，Madenjian等人1995年，MDNR渔业17)，但这一研究被控制的支持者所忽视。
{"title":"On the lack of scientific evidence for the Ontario cormorant cull and other cormorant management actions: a response to Dorr et al. (2022)","authors":"J. Ludwig, S. Cooke, K. Hobson","doi":"10.5751/ace-02375-180101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02375-180101","url":null,"abstract":"In their recent essay in Avian Conservation and Ecology, Dorr et al. (2022) were compelled to clear up apparent misunderstandings they felt were perpetrated by the separate editorials of Hobson (2021) and Cooke (2021) dealing specifically with the Ontario government’s decision to allow a province-wide public cull of Double-crested Cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) in response to perceived conflicts with fisheries, conservation objectives, and human recreation. They claim to have addressed “misconceptions about cormorant and fishery interactions, summarize the current state of knowledge on the issue, and discuss a different approach based on collective experience in the United States.” They further suggest that both editorials imply that “cormorants rarely, if ever, are an issue for any reason, and that management is rarely warranted.” While we welcome the debate, it is clear to us (now including Ludwig, the senior author of this report) that such premises are simply not true; a more careful reading of our papers would have revealed a more dispassionate and scientific approach to the question and that we had very clearly focused almost entirely on the Great Lakes region vs. Double-crested Cormorants everywhere. Rather, the Dorr et al. (2022) response reflects the authors’ long careers in cormorant “management” and an apology for the record of the US government (and various state agencies) with respect to cormorant fisheries concerns. The apparent need by Dorr et al. (2022) to defend cormorant management in light of the irrational Canadian province-wide hunt /cull by an ill-informed public is revealing. Readers will know that we clearly acknowledged that certain situations justify cormorant management and should be conducted by professionals (as in fact quoted by Dorr et al. [2022] from Hobson’s editorial). Moreover, we never labeled cormorant management universally as “persecution.” Indeed, Hobson (2021) devoted considerable summary background on the myriad of environmental issues involved in the health of the Great Lakes that obscures any direct linkage between cormorants and fisheries in this region. The obvious take-home message from the Hobson (2021) and Cooke (2021) essays was how complex these natural systems are and how such complexity has hitherto been ignored by public advocates for cormorant control, governments, and several fisheries biologists. The Dorr et al. (2022) essay raises important issues but is afflicted by the same tunnel vision that has tainted many studies of fisheries and cormorants published by fisheries and wildlife biologists for decades. This included ignoring examples of any beneficial interactions of cormorants with game species, cherry-picking data sets to include only those data that suggest cormorants harm fisheries, creating models replete with unjustified or known false assumptions, the ignoring or outright misuse of published data, and a common tendency to assume the only important change in ecosystems where con","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02410-180117
M. Querejeta, M. Lefort, V. Bretagnolle, S. Boyer
,
，
{"title":"Metabarcoding fecal samples to investigate spatiotemporal variation in the diet of the endangered Westland Petrel ( Procellaria westlandica )","authors":"M. Querejeta, M. Lefort, V. Bretagnolle, S. Boyer","doi":"10.5751/ace-02410-180117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02410-180117","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02417-180113
Alexander C. Rischette, Cameron A. Duquette, T. Hovick, B. Geaumont
,
，
{"title":"Patch-burn grazing provides resources for upland-nesting ducks","authors":"Alexander C. Rischette, Cameron A. Duquette, T. Hovick, B. Geaumont","doi":"10.5751/ace-02417-180113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02417-180113","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02440-180201
O. Smith, Elizabeth C. Craig
. Climate change and associated shifts in marine prey communities can alter food availability for foraging seabirds. This issue is illustrated in the Gulf of Maine by the northward shift of Atlantic butterfish ( Peprilus triacanthus ; hereafter butterfish) and their subsequent increase in seabird diets. Here, we examine effects of butterfish in diets of the Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo ), a threatened species in this region. Our objectives were to evaluate butterfish suitability for tern chick diet through observing handling time and feeding success, to examine effects of butterfish on tern chick growth, and to explore signs of adaptive foraging in adults. The diet and growth of Common Tern chicks were studied for three breeding seasons on Seavey Island, New Hampshire, USA in the Gulf of Maine. Prey items were identified during feedings and were grouped into five prey categories: butterfish, herring, hake, other fish, and invertebrates. Chicks were weighed to calculate growth rate, which was examined as a response to diet. Across prey categories, butterfish were handled by chicks for the greatest amount of time (P < 0.001) but were swallowed the least (P < 0.001). Furthermore, chick growth rates were negatively associated with proportion of butterfish in the diet (P < 0.001). There was significant variation in chick diet across different nests in two of the three years studied (P < 0.05 in 2018 and 2019), and some breeding pairs were never observed provisioning butterfish to their young. Although the mechanism underlying individual specialization is not known, chicks that are fed fewer butterfish are at an advantage. The provisioning (or not) of unsuitable prey is particularly important because seawater warming in the Gulf of Maine is expected to increase, and butterfish are likely to become even more prevalent in seabird diets.
{"title":"Effects of Atlantic butterfish ( Peprilus triacanthus ) in diets of Common Terns ( Sterna hirundo ): a case study of climate change effects in the Gulf of Maine","authors":"O. Smith, Elizabeth C. Craig","doi":"10.5751/ace-02440-180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02440-180201","url":null,"abstract":". Climate change and associated shifts in marine prey communities can alter food availability for foraging seabirds. This issue is illustrated in the Gulf of Maine by the northward shift of Atlantic butterfish ( Peprilus triacanthus ; hereafter butterfish) and their subsequent increase in seabird diets. Here, we examine effects of butterfish in diets of the Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo ), a threatened species in this region. Our objectives were to evaluate butterfish suitability for tern chick diet through observing handling time and feeding success, to examine effects of butterfish on tern chick growth, and to explore signs of adaptive foraging in adults. The diet and growth of Common Tern chicks were studied for three breeding seasons on Seavey Island, New Hampshire, USA in the Gulf of Maine. Prey items were identified during feedings and were grouped into five prey categories: butterfish, herring, hake, other fish, and invertebrates. Chicks were weighed to calculate growth rate, which was examined as a response to diet. Across prey categories, butterfish were handled by chicks for the greatest amount of time (P < 0.001) but were swallowed the least (P < 0.001). Furthermore, chick growth rates were negatively associated with proportion of butterfish in the diet (P < 0.001). There was significant variation in chick diet across different nests in two of the three years studied (P < 0.05 in 2018 and 2019), and some breeding pairs were never observed provisioning butterfish to their young. Although the mechanism underlying individual specialization is not known, chicks that are fed fewer butterfish are at an advantage. The provisioning (or not) of unsuitable prey is particularly important because seawater warming in the Gulf of Maine is expected to increase, and butterfish are likely to become even more prevalent in seabird diets.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70963653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02455-180124
A. Glass, M. Eichholz
. Grassland birds are the most rapidly declining bird guild in North America, largely due to extensive habitat loss and fragmentation. Because many grassland bird species have different habitat preferences, managing grasslands to provide habitat for a range of species can be a challenge. We used four years of data from southern Illinois, USA grasslands to estimate the influence of prescribed fire and habitat structure on nest survival, nest density, and abundance of three grassland bird species with different habitat preferences: Dickcissel ( Spiza americana ), Field Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ), and Common Yellowthroat ( Geothlypis trichas ). We found that Dickcissels exhibited the strongest response to prescribed fire, as nest density and nest survival both increased after previously undisturbed grasslands were burned. Fire may have also benefitted Common Yellowthroats and Field Sparrows by reducing woody cover and increasing bare ground, both of which were characteristics associated with nest survival for these birds. Dickcissel abundance was positively related to plant diversity within a grassland and agriculture in the surrounding landscape (within 400 m of a grassland patch), and negatively related to edge-interior ratio. Field Sparrows demonstrated a positive association with woody cover and proximity to forests. Common Yellowthroats were associated with tall vegetation and agriculture in the surrounding landscape. Both Field Sparrows and Common Yellowthroats associated positively with habitat characteristics that reduced nest survival, suggesting potential adaptive mismatches. Our results suggest that periodic prescribed fire, increased plant diversity, and larger patch size may simultaneously benefit a broad variety of grassland bird species with different habitat preferences.
{"title":"Three grassland bird species’ responses to fire and habitat structure in southern Illinois, USA suggest broad benefits of grassland size and plant diversity","authors":"A. Glass, M. Eichholz","doi":"10.5751/ace-02455-180124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02455-180124","url":null,"abstract":". Grassland birds are the most rapidly declining bird guild in North America, largely due to extensive habitat loss and fragmentation. Because many grassland bird species have different habitat preferences, managing grasslands to provide habitat for a range of species can be a challenge. We used four years of data from southern Illinois, USA grasslands to estimate the influence of prescribed fire and habitat structure on nest survival, nest density, and abundance of three grassland bird species with different habitat preferences: Dickcissel ( Spiza americana ), Field Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ), and Common Yellowthroat ( Geothlypis trichas ). We found that Dickcissels exhibited the strongest response to prescribed fire, as nest density and nest survival both increased after previously undisturbed grasslands were burned. Fire may have also benefitted Common Yellowthroats and Field Sparrows by reducing woody cover and increasing bare ground, both of which were characteristics associated with nest survival for these birds. Dickcissel abundance was positively related to plant diversity within a grassland and agriculture in the surrounding landscape (within 400 m of a grassland patch), and negatively related to edge-interior ratio. Field Sparrows demonstrated a positive association with woody cover and proximity to forests. Common Yellowthroats were associated with tall vegetation and agriculture in the surrounding landscape. Both Field Sparrows and Common Yellowthroats associated positively with habitat characteristics that reduced nest survival, suggesting potential adaptive mismatches. Our results suggest that periodic prescribed fire, increased plant diversity, and larger patch size may simultaneously benefit a broad variety of grassland bird species with different habitat preferences.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70964081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02496-180206
Thomas Mattern, Klemens Pütz, Hannah Mattern, David Houston, Robin Long, Bianca Keys, Jeff White, Ursula Ellenberg, Pablo Garcia-Borboroglu
Effective seabird management strategies rely on accurate population estimates, with previous methods typically employing ground counts of a target species. However, difficult and often inaccessible breeding habitats are now able to be explored due to recent technological advancements in Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This study tested a novel approach by combining high-resolution orthomosaics and 3D models to provide population estimates of the remote cliff-breeding Bounty Island shag (Leucocarbo ranfurlyi) on the sub-Antarctic Bounty Islands in November 2022. Our results report 573 breeding pairs, estimating a total population of approximately 1733 birds, breeding on 13 of the 14 main islands. Given the topographical constraints of surveying the islands by boat, the most comparable assessment in 1978 shows a similar count of breeding pairs, proposing the Bounty Island shag population is stable. However, long-term monitoring and additional research surrounding foraging strategies is crucial for developing conservation efforts for one of the rarest and spatially restricted shag species in the world. Our study demonstrates a reproducible method for estimating elusive wildlife populations that can be used across species with wider applications.
{"title":"Accurate abundance estimation of cliff-breeding Bounty Island shags using drone-based 2D and 3D photogrammetry","authors":"Thomas Mattern, Klemens Pütz, Hannah Mattern, David Houston, Robin Long, Bianca Keys, Jeff White, Ursula Ellenberg, Pablo Garcia-Borboroglu","doi":"10.5751/ace-02496-180206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02496-180206","url":null,"abstract":"Effective seabird management strategies rely on accurate population estimates, with previous methods typically employing ground counts of a target species. However, difficult and often inaccessible breeding habitats are now able to be explored due to recent technological advancements in Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This study tested a novel approach by combining high-resolution orthomosaics and 3D models to provide population estimates of the remote cliff-breeding Bounty Island shag (<em>Leucocarbo ranfurlyi</em>) on the sub-Antarctic Bounty Islands in November 2022. Our results report 573 breeding pairs, estimating a total population of approximately 1733 birds, breeding on 13 of the 14 main islands. Given the topographical constraints of surveying the islands by boat, the most comparable assessment in 1978 shows a similar count of breeding pairs, proposing the Bounty Island shag population is stable. However, long-term monitoring and additional research surrounding foraging strategies is crucial for developing conservation efforts for one of the rarest and spatially restricted shag species in the world. Our study demonstrates a reproducible method for estimating elusive wildlife populations that can be used across species with wider applications.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/ace-02492-180209
Christopher Merkord, Amin Rastandeh, Adam Benson, Mark Dixon, David Swanson
River regulation by dams on the Missouri River has modified riparian forest successional patterns, with decreases in early and increases in later seral stages and higher occurrence of invasive tree species, including Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). The effects of these altered successional trajectories on bird biodiversity are difficult to quantify because of limited data on bird-habitat associations. We surveyed riparian shrubland and forest bird species across a gradient of riparian forest ages along two segments of the regulated Missouri River in South Dakota and Nebraska, USA and explored relationships between bird abundance and patch- and landscape-scale vegetation characteristics for 46 bird species. Predicted abundances at sites assigned to five vegetation classes, estimated from Bayesian binomial N-mixture models, identified 11 early successional bird species and 19 forest bird species. Abundances of early successional bird species were similar at cottonwood-willow sites and Russian olive sites and were positively correlated with cottonwood (Populus deltoides) importance values for only one species, Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii). Abundances of forest bird species were similar at sites in the three forest vegetation classes, although Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) showed some affinity for mid- or late successional cottonwood sites over late-successional non-cottonwood sites. Abundances of three forest species, including Baltimore Oriole, were positively correlated with cottonwood or negatively correlated with eastern red cedar importance values. Fifteen species were positively correlated with shrubland land cover, whereas 21 species were positively correlated with forest land cover. For most bird species, correlations were strongest with land cover within a 200-m buffer compared to 400 or 1200 m. These data suggest that the trends in riparian forest change due to river regulation along the middle Missouri River may produce a mix of positive and negative effects on riparian bird species. While management plans to promote regeneration of early successional cottonwood-willow stands are likely to benefit conservation of early successional bird species, Russian olive may also provide suitable bird habitat for the majority those species.
{"title":"Vegetation associations of riparian birds in successional woodlands along the regulated Missouri River","authors":"Christopher Merkord, Amin Rastandeh, Adam Benson, Mark Dixon, David Swanson","doi":"10.5751/ace-02492-180209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02492-180209","url":null,"abstract":"River regulation by dams on the Missouri River has modified riparian forest successional patterns, with decreases in early and increases in later seral stages and higher occurrence of invasive tree species, including Russian olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>) and eastern red cedar (<em>Juniperus virginiana</em>). The effects of these altered successional trajectories on bird biodiversity are difficult to quantify because of limited data on bird-habitat associations. We surveyed riparian shrubland and forest bird species across a gradient of riparian forest ages along two segments of the regulated Missouri River in South Dakota and Nebraska, USA and explored relationships between bird abundance and patch- and landscape-scale vegetation characteristics for 46 bird species. Predicted abundances at sites assigned to five vegetation classes, estimated from Bayesian binomial N-mixture models, identified 11 early successional bird species and 19 forest bird species. Abundances of early successional bird species were similar at cottonwood-willow sites and Russian olive sites and were positively correlated with cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>) importance values for only one species, Willow Flycatcher (<em>Empidonax traillii</em>). Abundances of forest bird species were similar at sites in the three forest vegetation classes, although Ovenbird (<em>Seiurus aurocapilla</em>) and Baltimore Oriole (<em>Icterus galbula</em>) showed some affinity for mid- or late successional cottonwood sites over late-successional non-cottonwood sites. Abundances of three forest species, including Baltimore Oriole, were positively correlated with cottonwood or negatively correlated with eastern red cedar importance values. Fifteen species were positively correlated with shrubland land cover, whereas 21 species were positively correlated with forest land cover. For most bird species, correlations were strongest with land cover within a 200-m buffer compared to 400 or 1200 m. These data suggest that the trends in riparian forest change due to river regulation along the middle Missouri River may produce a mix of positive and negative effects on riparian bird species. While management plans to promote regeneration of early successional cottonwood-willow stands are likely to benefit conservation of early successional bird species, Russian olive may also provide suitable bird habitat for the majority those species.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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