Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

Persistent Fourth Right Aortic Arch (PRAA) with retention of the left ductus arteriosus constitutes the most prevalent clinically significant form of vascular ring anomalies in both dogs and cats, accounting for approximately 95% of aortic arch developmental anomalies. This anomaly causes oesophageal compression in weaned animals, leading to restricted passage of solid food, postprandial regurgitation, and potential development of acquired megaoesophagus. Notably, neonatal or lactating animals usually do not exhibit these consequences. While PRAA is well documented in dogs and cats, its occurrence in wild or domesticated ungulates is a rare and intriguing phenomenon, shedding light on congenital cardiovascular anomalies in such species. In this case, a female neonate white-tailed deer, weighing 2 kg, was delivered to the TUERI Wildlife Hospital. Despite receiving substitute feeding and fluid therapy, the specimen faced challenges in milk transit to the abomasum, resulting in postprandial regurgitation. Forelimbs' muscle contractions hindered imaging aimed at elucidating the cause of regurgitation. Nonetheless, these procedures facilitated a presumptive diagnosis of secondary megaoesophagus attributed to a PRAA. The specimen was euthanized, and the carcass underwent necropsy, revealing a PRAA with distinctive anatomical features, including oesophageal dilation, tracheal stenosis, and a constricting vascular ring surrounding both the oesophagus and trachea. This unique case underscores the importance of considering congenital anomalies in wildlife health assessments and contributes to our understanding of cardiovascular anomalies in wildlife species.

This study was conducted on 12 adult pigs of a local mixed breed to examine the histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the choroid and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The tissues were fixed in Davidson's Fluid for light microscopy and Karnovsky's fluid for electron microscopy. Due to the physiological, anatomical and metabolic similarities between pigs and humans, pigs are a suitable animal model for various ophthalmic studies. Bruch's membrane exhibited five distinct layers: the basement membrane of the RPE, the inner collagenous layer, the elastic lamina, the outer collagenous layer and the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris. Age-related changes, such as vesicular formation, were also observed. Patches of collagen fibre lamellae were noted in the choroid stroma, indicating the presence of a vestigial tapetum. The apical part of the intercellular space of the RPE cells was completely sealed off by zonula occludens and zonula adherens. Hemidesmosomes were not present at the basal surface of the RPE cells. Numerous melanosomes, lipofuscin, mitochondria, phagolysosomes, melanolysosomal bodies, and both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the granular cytoplasm of the RPE. Double-membrane-bound round vesicles were also observed in the RPE cytoplasm, characterised by a uniform intermembranous space and a central core space, potentially representing liposome-like structures, although this type of vesicle has not been previously described in the RPE. Overall, the study demonstrated that pigs have a choroid, Bruch's membrane and RPE morphology similar to that of humans, providing a valuable reference for studies using this animal model. Thus, pigs can be utilised as an experimental model for ophthalmic research.

The aim of this study was to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of doxycycline on chicken embryos. Eggs placed in the incubator were checked with an ovoscope on the 7th day, and a total of 210 fertile chicken eggs were randomly divided into 7 groups. Doxycycline was applied to the experimental groups at 2500, 1250, 625, 312, and 156 μg/50 μL volumes, respectively. Group 6 was evaluated as the Negative Control Group. This group was placed in the incubator again without any treatment. Group 7 was administered 50 μL of 0.9% NaCl solution used as the solvent of the drug. The number of live and dead embryos was determined after the completion of incubation. Mortality was observed depending on the dose, and death was determined in all chicks at the highest dose (2500 μg/50 μL, p < 0.05). No macroscopic anomalies were observed. While a decrease in mortality rates was observed depending on the dose (p < 0.05), the mortality rate in the 156 μg/50 μL dose (Group 5) was similar to the Positive and Negative control groups (p > 0.05). Femur and tibia parameters could not be measured because all embryos in Group 1 (2500 μg/50 μL) died. The length and thickness of the right and left femur and tibia in Group 2 (1250 μg/50 μL) were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the other groups. As a result, it can be stated that doxycycline use should be avoided in pregnant mammals, especially during the development phase of organs, unless necessary.

Three-dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the intestinal function compared to two-dimensional structural parameters. The objective of the present study was to investigate the three-dimensional morphometrical features of the small intestine in rabbits using a design-based stereology. Five adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in this research. The total volume, volume fraction of different layers, internal surface area, villus and circular folds amplification factors were estimated in the whole and various segments of the small intestine. The small intestine volume was estimated to be 59.57 ± 8.57 cm³. The jejunum and ileum showed the most and the least total volumes, respectively (p < 0.05). The volume fractions of the tunica mucosa, tela submucosa and tunica muscularis were 62.57% ± 2.78%, 21.11% ± 2.01% and 16.25% ± 0.94%, respectively. The minimum volume of the tela submucosa was observed in the ileum (p < 0.05) and the fractional volume of the tunica muscularis in the ileum was significantly more than those of other segments (p < 0.05). The surface area of the entire small intestine was estimated to be 8302.31 ± 1872.39 cm². The jejunum and ileum segments showed the most and the least surface areas, respectively. The increase in the intestinal surface area attributable to the presence of villi was estimated to be 6.82 ± 0.84, and that for circular folds was accounted for 1.36 ± 0.09. The largest amplification factors of villi and circular folds were observed in the duodenum and ileum, respectively. Our data presented the three-dimensional morphometry of the small intestine of the rabbit as a translational model and provided basic findings for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases in this species.

A series of asterisci otoliths of C. kais and C. macrostomum freshwater fish species from the Tigris River, Şırnak Province, Türkiye, are designated morphologically to explore the ontogenetic and intraspecific disparity. The outcomes of this study show that the surface morphology of the asterisci among young and adult specimens is inconstant, particularly in C. macrostomum. The indicative characteristics of the asterisci can be utilised to approve the identification of the species. Besides, the collection of fishes from the Tigris River, Şırnak Province permitted the inspection of larger maximum sizes than reported in the literature for both species of the genus Cyprinion explored. The present study represents the first developmental account of the asterisci of any cyprinid fish species examined before. An SEM-based result of the asterisci of the two species is presented.

Determining the immunoexpression of HSPs in the placenta may contribute to the understanding of pregnancy physiology and immunotolerance mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the placenta of goats. Tissue samples were taken from the placentomal and interplacentomal regions of the pregnant uterus of 12 goats, comprising 6 s and 6 third trimesters. Following routine histological procedures, immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue sections. In the interplacentomal region, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in luminal and glandular epithelial, stromal and smooth muscle cells did not show differences between the second and third trimesters (p > 0.05). In the placentomal region, HSP27 and HSP60 in syncytial plaques and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in maternal stromal cells did not change as the pregnancy progressed (p > 0.05). There was no difference in HSP27, HSP60 and HSP90 in fetal stromal cells between the second and third trimesters (p > 0.05). HSP27 and HSP90 were positive in both trophoblast cells, HSP60 was positive in binucleate trophoblast cells, and HSP70 was positive in mononucleate trophoblast cells. In the third trimester compared with the second trimester, HSP27 was decreased (p < 0.05), while HSP90 in mononucleate and binucleate trophoblast cells did not show a difference (p > 0.05). HSP70 did not change in mononucleate trophoblast cells (p > 0.05), but HSP60 was increased in binucleate trophoblast cells (p < 0.05) as the pregnancy progressed. In conclusion, this study showed that HSPs had similar immunoexpression patterns in the interplacentomal region but different immunoexpression patterns in the placentomal region of the goat placenta.

The current study aims to describe the macroscopic, histological and histochemical features of the digestive tract of omnivorous fish species Panga Pangasius hypophthalmus—which derives from Southeast Asian watersheds—with emphasis on secretory cell types and their histochemical reactions. Results have evidenced that the anatomical organisation of the digestive tract in the coelomic cavity of the investigated species is similar to that of other omnivorous teleosts, except for a pneumatic duct linking the distal portion of their oesophagus to their swim bladder. It is worth highlighting that both the oesophagus and the stomach have well-developed histological layers and that the stomach has a saccular shape and is highly distensible to ensure longer food storage time. Intestinal loops are convoluted and present well-developed mucosal folds with varying widths, heights and thicknesses; these features increase the nutrient absorption surface. The digestive tract presented histological and histochemical features similar to those of other siluriform fish that show the same feeding habits and secretory cells throughout the digestive tract, whose acid and neutral secretions guarantee the functionality of digestive processes.

Surgical procedures involving the tarsal joint are common in cattle. Indications for tarsal surgery include joint lavage, arthrotomy, the treatment of injuries, and hygromas. The goal of the present study was to lay the foundation for a reliable method of nerve block desensitisation of the bovine tarsus. Two nerve block techniques were simulated in an anatomical cadaver study on six bovine pelvic limbs for each technique. In the first technique, injection sites were based on palpation of anatomical structures, and in the second technique, ultrasound guidance was used to localise the nerves. After injection of dye (methylene blue) solution using anatomical landmark-based or ultrasound guidance methods, the 12 cadaver limbs were dissected, and the effectiveness of sham anaesthesia was determined based on the proximity of the dye solution to the nerve and the length of its distribution along the nerve. The ultrasound-guided local anaesthesia required significantly more time to perform compared with nerve blocks based on anatomical landmarks. However, the dye reached the target area in 25 of 30 application sites using ultrasound-guided local anaesthesia compared with 13 of 30 sites using the anatomical landmark-based technique. Ultrasonographic guidance led to fewer inadvertent intravascular and intramuscular injections. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided local anaesthesia is a promising alternative to general anaesthesia, epidural, and intravenous regional anaesthesia for surgical procedures of the bovine tarsal joint and eliminates the disadvantages of other anaesthetic techniques, like general anaesthesia and intravenous regional anaesthesia. The practicability and utility of this technique still require validation in vivo.

In the current study, we aimed to determine the distribution of telocytes in the ovary, oviduct and uterus of Kyrgyz mares depending on whether they were pregnant. We also studied the progression during the first 6 months of pregnancy. To this end, ovary, oviduct and uterus tissues from 53 Kyrgyz mares were obtained post-mortem. The mare tissue samples were divided into two groups: pregnant (n = 43) and non-pregnant (n = 10). Telocyte levels in the tissues were determined using light microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. Subsequently, the data acquired were evaluated based on whether the mare was pregnant, and if so, the month of pregnancy was also taken into account. After the study, we found a higher number of telocytes in the myometrium (5.69 ± 0.90, p < 0.001) and oviduct propria (0.14 ± 0.05, p < 0.006) of pregnant mares. We also noted an increased number of telocytes in the oviduct propria (0.04 ± 0.02, p < 0.03) of mares 4 months into the pregnancy, and in the muscle layer (1.62 ± 0.57, p < 0.01), myometrium (4.83 ± 0.78, p < 0.03) and ovarian stroma (0.14 ± 0.06, p < 0.04) of mares 6 months into pregnancy. In conclusion, we observed an increase in telocytes in the ovaries, oviducts and uterus of Kyrgyz mares during pregnancy, with this increase becoming more marked towards the sixth month of gestation. Therefore, additional research on the role of telocytes in pregnancy may prove beneficial.

The southern giant pouched rat (Cricetomys ansorgei) is a large rodent native to the savannahs of southern and East Africa, commonly kept as a pet and used for medical purposes, including the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, Brucella infection, and land mines. Despite its biomedical significance, limited information exists on its thoracic radiological anatomy. This study aimed to describe the normal thoracic radiographic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei to support anatomical and clinical research. Radiographs of 34 adult southern giant pouched rats were taken under general anaesthesia, including right lateral (RL) and dorsoventral (DV) views of the thorax. Most rats exhibited 13 thoracic vertebrae and 13 pairs of ribs, with the last two floating pairs. All rats displayed six sternebrae, and the trachea was visible without mineralised cartilaginous rings. The cranial mediastinum appeared wider than the spine in all individuals. The cranial border of the cardiac silhouette was poorly visualised on the RL view but more clearly defined and oblong-shaped on the DV view. The mean vertebral heart size (VHS) measured on the DV view (10.59) was significantly larger than that measured on the RL view (9.49). Additionally, gravel and sand grains were commonly observed in the cranial abdomen. While the thoracic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei shares some characteristics with other rodents, rabbits, and domestic cats, several distinctive anatomical features were identified. These findings provide a valuable reference for anatomical studies, biomedical applications, and routine clinical assessments.