Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Review: Efficacy of preventative interventions for children and adolescents at clinical high risk of psychosis – a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies","authors":"Grace Frearson,&nbsp;Javier de Otazu Olivares,&nbsp;Ana Catalan,&nbsp;Claudia Aymerich,&nbsp;Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo","doi":"10.1111/camh.12755","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite evidence suggesting that age moderates the response to preventative treatment for those at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P), no meta-analysis has assessed the effectiveness of preventative interventions for CHR-P children and adolescents. Our aim was to synthesise evidence assessing preventative interventions on a wide range of mental health outcomes for CHR-P children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Pubmed, APA PsycInfo and Web of Science until June 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023406696). Intervention studies that had a mean participant age of under 18 years old that reported on mental health outcomes for CHR-P participants were selected. A meta-analysis was conducted for independent studies reporting the effectiveness of interventions on different outcomes (transition to psychosis, attenuated positive, negative and total prodromal psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms and global functioning) compared to control conditions of no intervention or placebo. Evidence from other studies was also reported narratively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-four studies and 1319 CHR-P children and adolescents were included. Compared to no intervention or placebo, preventative interventions were effective for positive symptoms (SMD = 0.379, <i>p</i> = .022, 95% CI 0.055, 0.703), negative symptoms (SMD = 0.583, <i>p</i> = .004, 95% CI 0.187, 0.980), total symptoms (SMD = 0.677, <i>p</i> = .002, 95% CI 0.249, 1.105) and functioning (SMD = 0.944, <i>p</i> = .038, 95% CI 0.052, 1.836) but not reducing transition to psychosis or depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are disparities in the effectiveness of preventative interventions for different outcomes, with transition to psychosis not being the only relevant outcome. Differences in the efficacy of preventative interventions emerged between CHR-P children and adolescents versus adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"66-82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Social Stories in Schools Trial 2 (ASSSIST-2): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the Social Stories™ intervention to address the social and emotional health of autistic children in UK primary schools","authors":"Barry Wright,&nbsp;Jane E. Blackwell,&nbsp;Kerry J. Bell,&nbsp;Catarina Teige,&nbsp;Laura Mandefield,&nbsp;Han-I Wang,&nbsp;Charlie Welch,&nbsp;Arabella Scantlebury,&nbsp;Judith Watson,&nbsp;Dean McMillan,&nbsp;Emma Standley,&nbsp;Leah Attwell,&nbsp;Hayley Carrick,&nbsp;Amelia Taylor,&nbsp;Olivia Taylor,&nbsp;Rachel Hodkinson,&nbsp;Hannah Edwards,&nbsp;Hannah Pearson,&nbsp;Steve Parrott,&nbsp;David Marshall,&nbsp;Danielle Varley,&nbsp;Rebecca Hargate,&nbsp;Anne Mclaren,&nbsp;Catherine Hewitt","doi":"10.1111/camh.12740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autistic children can experience mental health, social and emotional difficulties. Carol Gray's Social Stories™ are a highly personalised intervention that provide social information in a short individually tailored story.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multi-site pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Social Stories™ alongside care as usual in autistic children aged 4–11 years. The primary outcome was the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 completed by teachers 6 months post-randomisation, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Trial Registration: ISRCTN11634810.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-seven schools, including 249 children, were randomised (intervention 44 schools with 129 children, and usual care 43 schools with 120 children). After 6 months, a reduction of 1.61 points was found on the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 in the intervention group (95% CI −4.18 to 0.96, <i>p</i> = .220) and for those who attended at least six sessions a reduction of 3.37 points (CACE 95% CI −6.65 to −0.10, <i>p</i> = .043). Children in the intervention group met their individual socio-emotional goal more frequently than children receiving usual care alone and this was statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were found in other secondary outcomes including anxiety, depression, general health or parental stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social Stories™ represent a low-cost, low-burden intervention. Benefits are seen in individual socio-emotional goals but without clinically evident impact on social responsiveness, anxiety, depression, parental stress or general health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debate: Where to next for universal school-based mental health interventions? Universal versus targeted school-based mental health interventions: a health economic perspective","authors":"Paul McCrone","doi":"10.1111/camh.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental health problems in schools are a concern and various initiatives have been developed to address these. Interventions can be universal (covering a whole school) or targeted (addressing those with specific needs). Any new intervention should be evaluated, and this should include an assessment of cost-effectiveness. Evidence to date suggests that while gains from universal schemes may be modest, they can still be cost-effective given the extent of their reach. However, targeted interventions can address key health inequalities which should also be an objective of an economic evaluation. Studies that have examined the longer term impact of both universal and targeted approaches have demonstrated that both can represent good values for money, and it is likely that a blended or tiered approach is appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"99-101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Practice: Brief behavioral parent training for children with impairing ADHD characteristics – a pilot study","authors":"Marijn Nijboer,&nbsp;Roos van Doornik,&nbsp;Annabeth P. Groenman,&nbsp;Saskia van der Oord,&nbsp;Rianne Hornstra,&nbsp;Barbara van den Hoofdakker,&nbsp;Tycho J. Dekkers","doi":"10.1111/camh.12743","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral parent training (BPT) is a well-established intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but most programs are long, which may limit their accessibility. This could be improved by making programs shorter. Here, we studied (1) the feasibility of a new brief BPT program and its procedures, and (2) pre–post changes in daily rated problem behaviors (primary outcome), children's disruptive behaviors, ADHD/ODD characteristics, impairment, and parents' sense of parenting competence (secondary outcomes).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a nonrandomized pilot study including parents of 28 children (4–12 years) with impaired ADHD characteristics. We examined treatment dropout, parent and therapist satisfaction, recruitment rates, study drop-out, measurement response and completion rates, acceptability of measurements according to parents, and treatment fidelity. Pre–post changes in the treatment group were compared to those in a historical control group using mixed model analysis, except for those outcomes that were not assessed in the control group. Within-group differences were analyzed for all outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feasibility of the program and study procedures were good. Treatment dropout was 14.2%, parents and therapists were satisfied with the new program. We recruited 1.5 participants per month, study dropout was 10.7%, response/completion rates ranged from 82% to 100%, measurements were acceptable for parents, and treatment fidelity was 96%. We found substantial within-group changes (<i>d</i>'s = .68–.77) and medium-sized between-group changes (<i>d</i>'s = .46–.48) on daily rated problem behaviors. We observed no changes on most of the secondary outcomes, except for disruptive behaviors and impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our newly developed brief BPT program was feasible and we observed improvements in children's daily-rated problem behaviors. These results suggest that brief BPT might be beneficial for clinical practice if the findings are confirmed in large-scale randomized controlled trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debate: Where to next for universal school-based mental health interventions? Time to move towards more effective alternatives","authors":"Jack L. Andrews,&nbsp;Lucy Foulkes","doi":"10.1111/camh.12753","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is an urgent need to improve mental health outcomes among young people. One approach taken to address this problem has been the design and delivery of universal school-based prevention, based on therapeutic models such as CBT and mindfulness. Such interventions are delivered to groups of young people, irrespective of risk or need. However, in this commentary, we argue that the initial appeal of universal interventions has not been supported by the evidence: universal school-based prevention is less effective than targeted approaches, often leads to null or unsustained positive effects, has the potential to elicit negative effects and is not well liked by young people themselves. In addition, many young people in each classroom already meet the criteria for a mental disorder, meaning that prevention approaches may not be appropriate or effective for this group. In this commentary, we respond to Birrell et al.'s (2025) paper by arguing that the field should move away from universal prevention and instead invest our limited resources in the refinement and dissemination of interventions with a stronger evidence base, such as one-to-one, targeted and indirect approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debate: Where to next for universal school-based mental health interventions? Addressing the mental health crisis among young people in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Bronwyne Coetzee,&nbsp;Maria Loades","doi":"10.1111/camh.12752","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In their paper, Birrell et al. (<i>Child and Adolescent Mental Health</i>, 2025) are rightly concerned about the future of universal school-based mental health interventions. They highlight the successes and failings of these interventions and demonstrate that there is still much to learn about their potential in preventing or mitigating the onset of common mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, trauma and substance use. But encouragingly, and thanks in part to the potential these interventions hold for addressing the mental health gap in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), the authors advise that we as researchers need to take a step back in order to take a better step forward. They suggest that instead of abandoning ship altogether, we should critically examine the shortcomings of these interventions in their current format and work more closely with young people themselves to design and deliver interventions, which have long-term benefits for their communities. In this paper, we want to emphasise the urgency with which these interventions, developed in this way, are needed in LMIC. We emphasise the need to co-develop, adapt, test and evaluate school-based interventions, and the potential they hold for reducing the burden of mental health care in resource-constrained settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moderation effect of mental health services use on the relationship between exposures to adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes among US adolescents","authors":"Lyoung Hee Kim,&nbsp;Seung Joo Lee,&nbsp;So Young Ahn","doi":"10.1111/camh.12745","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12745","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevailing exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among youth is associated with adolescents' mental health. However, few studies have examined whether receiving help from mental health services affects mental health outcomes among adolescents with ACEs. Therefore, this study examines the moderated effects of mental health services use on the relationship between exposures to ACEs and mental health outcomes among US adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample was restricted to adolescents aged 11–17 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2019, 2021, and 2022. Multivariate logistic regressions and descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the moderation effect of mental health services use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using mental health services buffered the associations between ACEs and severe anxiety and depressive symptoms. Receiving counseling/therapy moderated the impact of ever living with an individual who had severe anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR: 0.58, <i>p</i> &lt; .05) and depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.38, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) among adolescents. Furthermore, counseling/therapy moderated the effect of ever living with an individual with a history of alcohol or drug abuse on severe depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.49, <i>p</i> &lt; .05) and the effect of being a victim or witness of violence on severe anxiety symptoms (AOR: 0.45, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). In addition, taking prescription medication moderated the effect of the experience of incarcerated family members on severe anxiety symptoms (AOR: 0.41, <i>p</i> &lt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that policy and practice need to encourage access to mental health care for vulnerable adolescents with ACEs to reduce the detrimental effect of their experiences on their mental health problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: ‘To seclude or not to seclude, is that the question?’ A commentary on Yurtbasi et al. (2024)","authors":"Chaim Huijser,&nbsp;Nick Goddard","doi":"10.1111/camh.12741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"110-111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Advancing equity, diversity and inclusion through culturally sensitive collaboration and training","authors":"Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo","doi":"10.1111/camh.12734","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12734","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Welcome to the November 2024 issue of &lt;i&gt;Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH)&lt;/i&gt; Journal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH)&lt;/i&gt; is committed to advancing equity, diversity and inclusion, and improving the mental health of children and young people living in challenging circumstances. The CAMH 2024 Special Issue ‘Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Child and Adolescent Mental Health’, included a variety of papers on this topic such as the intergenerational consequences of racism (Simela et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the effect of socioeconomic inequalities (Pearce et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) and the impact of youth disadvantages and vulnerability on social inclusion (Renner, Rowland, Hutchinson, &amp; Toumbourou, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To further advance knowledge on this field, the current issue includes papers evaluating other vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents exposed to substance misuse, or suffering from substance use disorders (Carrasco-Garrido et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), and children and adolescents who are transgender or ‘gender diverse’ (Whittle, Moore, &amp; Stallard, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In the first study, Carrasco-Garrido et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) found that the nonmedical use of prescription opioids, novel psychoactive substances and other illicit psychoactive drugs was a risk factor for nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics in male and female adolescents; while the use of cannabis predicted the nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics in female adolescents only. The second study (Whittle et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) found that being transgender or ‘gender diverse’ was associated with higher rates of self-harm, poorer peer relationships, less prosocial behaviour and greater interference with friendships and leisure activities, and adverse impact in the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mental health services need to be accessible, culturally competent and responsive to the diverse needs of all young people (McGorry et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). While significant progress has been made in understanding the mental health challenges faced by some populations of vulnerable young people, there remains a pressing need for further research and open discussions about the barriers to accessing mental health services and care. These barriers can manifest as practical challenges, including financial constraints, travel difficulties or childcare responsibilities but can also be due to systemic and structural factors. Such challenges are especially significant for those living in poverty, those with vulnerable family circumstances, individuals impacted by racism and discrimination, and those children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental conditions or learning disabilities. Research should focus on addressing these systemic barriers, with a view to developing solutions that make mental health services more accessible to all young people.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clinical work and research should be integrated within ","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"331-332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical research updates","authors":"Marinos Kyriakopoulos,&nbsp;Polyvios Christofi,&nbsp;Katerina Tselika,&nbsp;Asimina Paleologou","doi":"10.1111/camh.12739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12739","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Polyvios Christofi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National and Kapodistrian University of Athens&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are prevalent, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders associated with significant behavioural, academic, emotional, and adaptive challenges. These conditions are more common in males, exhibit high heritability, and have a complex aetiology. Furthermore, they frequently co-occur with estimates of 30–50% of individuals with ASD having ADHD symptoms, and two-thirds of individuals with ADHD having ASD symptoms. This suggests shared developmental pathways and risk factors that have not been adequately explored as most research addresses these conditions separately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lebeña and colleagues (2024) aimed to identify pre- and perinatal risk factors and, for the first time, consider early environmental psychosocial exposures associated with ADHD, ASD, and their co-occurrence. Data were collected from the ABIS-study (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) cohort, which included 16,365 children born between 1997 and 1999, with a 22-year follow-up period. Diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish National Diagnosis Register. The study found cumulative incidences of 4.6% for ADHD, 1.7% for ASD and 1.1% for their co-occurrence. Being male was a significant predictor for all three outcomes with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 for both ADHD and ASD, compared to 3:1 reported in previous studies. ADHD showed significant associations with a family history of autoimmune diseases, preterm birth, lower birth weight, younger parental age, low-parental education, single-parent households, low-household income, maternal smoking and tobacco exposure at one year of age. There were significant associations with serious life events during pregnancy, and shorter breastfeeding duration compared to both control and ASD groups. Statistically independent ADHD predictors were being male, lower household income, lower maternal education, younger mother, maternal smoking, serious life events during pregnancy, lower paternal education and short breastfeeding duration. ASD was associated with maternal disease, infections during pregnancy, vaginal delivery compared to caesarean section, maternal age over 36 years, low-maternal education and low-household income. Statistically independent ASD predictors were being male, lower household income, and lower maternal education together with paternal Swedish nationality. The co-occurrence group was associated with higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the family, preterm births, low-parental education, single parent, low-household income, lack of support during pregnancy, lack of security for mother and child, maternal smoking and serious life events at 1 year of age. Statistically independent predictors of the co-occurrence were being male, lower household income and family history of autoimmune disorders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study's strengths included its large, population-based sample and l","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"404-406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}