<p>Lucy Snelson</p><p>South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust</p><p>Bullying is considered one of the most robust, preventable risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. It is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a major public health concern. Those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions may be at increased risk of being involved in bullying due to being perceived as different by their peers.</p><p>Abregú-Crespo et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the overall prevalence of bullying in those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. The authors identified 212 studies which reported bullying in children and adolescents (N = 126,717; 37.6% female) aged 4–17 (mean age: 12.3 years) with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric condition. They distinguished between traditional bullying, which included physical, verbal and relational bullying (actions which intend to harm an individuals' reputation), and cyber bullying, defined as repeated harm inflicted online (for example on social media). They noted that this was the first meta-analysis in this population to differentiate between different types of bullying, including the relatively recent phenomenon of cyberbullying.</p><p>The authors found that 42.2% of young people with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions were victims, 24.4% were perpetrators and 14% were both victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying. Those with conduct disorders, autism and ADHD showed the highest prevalence rates for involvement in traditional bullying. Prevalence rates were lower for involvement in cyber bullying, with 21.8% of the population being victims and 19.6% perpetrators. Interestingly, the rate of those who were both victims and perpetrators were higher for cyberbullying (20.7%) than traditional bullying. Furthermore, when compared with controls (N = 504,806; 47.5% female; mean age 12.5 years), this population experienced increased bullying victimisation (2.85-fold), perpetration (2.45-fold) and perpetration–victimisation (3.66-fold). The authors suggested that difficulties in social communication, behaviour and emotional regulation may lead young people in this population to be perceived as being different to their peers and, therefore, more vulnerable to being involved in bullying. Lastly, they found that victims of traditional bullying with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions scored higher on mental health measures including internalising, externalising, general psychopathology and suicidality compared to controls.</p><p>A key strength of the study is that the authors used a thorough screening method to minimise risk of bias and to increase the validity of the results. All articles were screened twice across three screening phases with five researchers reviewing articles independently. They performed additional sensitivity analyses removing cases with conduct disorders to avoid skewing their results, in r
露西-斯尼尔森(Lucy Snelson)南伦敦和莫兹利 NHS 基金会信托基金会欺凌被认为是导致精神疾病的最重要、最可预防的风险因素之一。世界卫生组织认为这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。Abregú-Crespo 等人(2024 年)进行了一项系统回顾和荟萃分析,以探讨神经发育和精神疾病患者遭受欺凌的总体发生率。作者确定了 212 项研究,这些研究报告了 4-17 岁(平均年龄:12.3 岁)患有神经发育或精神疾病的儿童和青少年(N=126717;37.6% 为女性)中发生的欺凌事件。他们对传统欺凌和网络欺凌进行了区分,传统欺凌包括肢体、语言和关系欺凌(意在损害个人名誉的行为),网络欺凌则是指在网上(如社交媒体上)反复实施的伤害行为。作者发现,42.2%患有神经发育障碍或精神疾病的青少年是传统欺凌的受害者,24.4%是施暴者,14%既是受害者又是施暴者。患有行为障碍、自闭症和多动症的青少年参与传统欺凌的比例最高。参与网络欺凌的比例较低,21.8%的人是受害者,19.6%的人是施暴者。有趣的是,网络欺凌的受害者和施暴者比例(20.7%)均高于传统欺凌。此外,与对照组(N = 504 806;47.5% 为女性;平均年龄为 12.5 岁)相比,这些人群的欺凌受害率(2.85 倍)、施暴率(2.45 倍)和施暴-受害率(3.66 倍)均有所上升。作者认为,社交沟通、行为和情绪调节方面的困难可能会导致该群体中的青少年被认为与同龄人不同,因此更容易卷入欺凌事件。最后,他们发现,与对照组相比,患有神经发育或精神疾病的传统欺凌受害者在心理健康测量指标上的得分更高,这些指标包括内化、外化、一般精神病理学和自杀倾向。在三个筛选阶段中,所有文章都经过两次筛选,由五位研究人员独立审阅。他们还进行了额外的敏感性分析,剔除了有行为障碍的病例,以避免结果出现偏差,因为他们发现这类人群中参与欺凌的比例较高。不足之处在于,他们报告的大多数结果都没有区分神经发育障碍和精神疾病。不同精神病患者的经历和症状差异很大,尤其是神经发育障碍患者,他们的社会交流差异是其显著特点。这可能会使医护人员在为患有不同病症的青少年提供支持时难以确定实际影响。作者还承认,分析中包含的许多研究描述不清且缺乏细节。Abregú-Crespo, R., Garriz-Luis, A., Ayora, M., Martín-Martínez, N., Cavone, V., Carrasco, M. Á., ... & Díaz-Caneja, C. M. (2024)。患有神经发育和精神疾病的儿童和青少年的校园欺凌:系统回顾和荟萃分析》。The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 8, 122-134.Charvi SaraswatSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust 精神病经历(PEs)是精神病易感性的人群指标,其病因与各种遗传、神经生物学、药物相关、感染相关和社会因素有关。DeVylder 等人(2024 年)在东京青少年队列研究(Tokyo Teen Cohort study,TTC)中探讨了青少年自 10 岁起自我报告的 PE 的存在情况,该研究是东京都内一项正在进行的纵向研究。东京青少年队列研究随机抽取了 2002 年 9 月 1 日至 2004 年 8 月 31 日期间出生的青少年,并收集了他们在 10 岁(T1)、12 岁(T2)、14 岁(T3)和 16 岁(T4)前后的数据。在参加 T1 的 3171 对青少年和家长中,有 2616 对在 16 岁前继续接受了跟踪调查,跟踪调查率为 82.5%。
{"title":"Clinical Research Updates","authors":"Marinos Kyriakopoulos, Charvi Saraswat, Lucy Snelson, Marios Stathopoulos","doi":"10.1111/camh.12725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12725","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lucy Snelson</p><p>South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust</p><p>Bullying is considered one of the most robust, preventable risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. It is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a major public health concern. Those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions may be at increased risk of being involved in bullying due to being perceived as different by their peers.</p><p>Abregú-Crespo et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the overall prevalence of bullying in those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. The authors identified 212 studies which reported bullying in children and adolescents (N = 126,717; 37.6% female) aged 4–17 (mean age: 12.3 years) with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric condition. They distinguished between traditional bullying, which included physical, verbal and relational bullying (actions which intend to harm an individuals' reputation), and cyber bullying, defined as repeated harm inflicted online (for example on social media). They noted that this was the first meta-analysis in this population to differentiate between different types of bullying, including the relatively recent phenomenon of cyberbullying.</p><p>The authors found that 42.2% of young people with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions were victims, 24.4% were perpetrators and 14% were both victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying. Those with conduct disorders, autism and ADHD showed the highest prevalence rates for involvement in traditional bullying. Prevalence rates were lower for involvement in cyber bullying, with 21.8% of the population being victims and 19.6% perpetrators. Interestingly, the rate of those who were both victims and perpetrators were higher for cyberbullying (20.7%) than traditional bullying. Furthermore, when compared with controls (N = 504,806; 47.5% female; mean age 12.5 years), this population experienced increased bullying victimisation (2.85-fold), perpetration (2.45-fold) and perpetration–victimisation (3.66-fold). The authors suggested that difficulties in social communication, behaviour and emotional regulation may lead young people in this population to be perceived as being different to their peers and, therefore, more vulnerable to being involved in bullying. Lastly, they found that victims of traditional bullying with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions scored higher on mental health measures including internalising, externalising, general psychopathology and suicidality compared to controls.</p><p>A key strength of the study is that the authors used a thorough screening method to minimise risk of bias and to increase the validity of the results. All articles were screened twice across three screening phases with five researchers reviewing articles independently. They performed additional sensitivity analyses removing cases with conduct disorders to avoid skewing their results, in r","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"328-329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This editorial introduces the journal's new open data policy for original articles using quantitative data. It discusses key opportunities from data and code sharing. It further briefly sets out the new methods review that articles which use quantitative analysis will automatically undergo. With both changes we hope to strengthen our review process and contribute to a better evidence base in the field.
{"title":"Editorial: Open science and methods review for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","authors":"Thees F. Spreckelsen, Lewis W. Paton","doi":"10.1111/camh.12726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial introduces the journal's new open data policy for original articles using quantitative data. It discusses key opportunities from data and code sharing. It further briefly sets out the new methods review that articles which use quantitative analysis will automatically undergo. With both changes we hope to strengthen our review process and contribute to a better evidence base in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>It would be hard to find anyone, including politicians anywhere on the political spectrum, who would not agree that a society should look after its children well – giving them a good start in life, protecting their interests and their health and wellbeing, and promoting their development and education. Our children are our future – our long-term societal well-being depends on them. And there is widespread contemporary concern for the mental health of children and adolescents, following the global COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p>In this context, it is perhaps surprising that it is so difficult to compare different societies in terms of child and adolescent mental health, but it remains the case that there are no sources of high quality, internationally comparable data on mental illness in children and young people. Even within countries, there are surprisingly few sources of data – no data on child mental illness could be included in the recent Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 in the USA (Pickett, <span>2022</span>). To try and understand both variation in child and adolescent mental health, and the causes of such variation, we have to use proxy measures, such as life satisfaction, or measures such as the adolescent suicide rate that represent a very extreme tip of an iceberg of mental distress. In their most recent report on child well-being in high income countries, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), created an index of mental well-being that includes the percentage of 15 year olds reporting high life satisfaction and the suicide rate for 15–19 year olds (https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/Report-Card-16-Worlds-of-Influence-child-wellbeing.pdf). On this index, the Netherlands ranks top and New Zealand bottom, and there is much variation in both measures. Over 90% of children in the Netherlands have high life satisfaction, but only 64% of UK children say the same. In Greece, the teenage suicide rate is 1.4 per 100,000 adolescents, in New Zealand that figure is 10 times higher at 14.9 per 100,000.</p><p>Nevertheless, there are now a number of studies suggesting that income inequality, the gap between rich and poor in a society, is robustly associated with measures of mental well-being in children and young people (Alemán-Díaz et al., <span>2016</span>), whether that is child mental illness in relation to income inequality across the 50 US states (Wilkinson & Pickett, <span>2009</span>), happiness and psychological distress across regions of China (Du, Chi, & King, <span>2019</span>) or psychological symptoms across 17 high income countries (Dierckens et al., <span>2020</span>). We have also shown that changes in income inequality are related to changes in child well-being – as countries become more or less equal their child well-being rises or falls (Pickett & Wilkinson, <span>2015</span>).</p><p>Within countries, socio-economic position has a well-described and profound impact on all aspects of child and adolesce
研究表明,在更加不平等的社会中,虐待儿童的发生率更高。不平等也会影响儿童自身直接受到不平等的影响,例如,欺凌程度更高,普遍信任程度更低(Wilkinson & Pickett, 2017, 2018)。威康信托基金会将社会关系视为心理健康的 "积极成分",认为尤其对于青少年而言,社会关系可以在他们形成社会身份的关键阶段为他们提供支持,并提供资源以增强他们对抑郁和焦虑的复原力。然而,对于今天的儿童和青少年来说,社交关系,包括与同龄人的社交关系,越来越多地发生在数字平台上。97%的年轻人至少使用一个社交媒体平台。这使得他们比以往任何一代人都更容易受到网络欺凌和他人评价的影响,而这恰恰会加剧身份焦虑。对许多年轻人来说,社交媒体也可以成为社交接触的积极来源,这种支持有助于他们中的许多人度过 COVID-19 大流行期间所经历的孤独;关于社交媒体对儿童和年轻人心理健康影响的研究结果喜忧参半,尽管最近对 126 项研究进行的系统回顾和对 76 项研究进行的荟萃分析表明,社交媒体对青少年与健康有关的不良行为有影响,如酗酒和吸毒(Purba, Henderson, Baxter, Katikireddi, & Pearce, 2023)。当然,儿童和青少年并不只是被动地接受影响其心理健康的更广泛的社会决定因素。他们如何看待不平等,如何看待自己和家人在社会中的社会地位,也会影响他们的心理健康和幸福。研究表明,那些认为自己的家庭比朋友家更贫穷的年轻人,其心理健康状况会更 差,人际交往方面的困难也会更多。令人担忧的是,对不平等现象的日益敏感可能实际上会增加研究这些现象的难度。在一项正在进行的针对英格兰北部青少年的队列研究中,共同生产工作显示,青少年不愿意自我报告相对的主观社会地位,他们表示不喜欢被要求将自己与他人进行比较(Moss, Kelly, Bird, Nutting, & Pickett, 2023)。然而,对于那些关注社会正义的人来说,令人欣慰的是,虽然儿童和青少年可能正在遭受不平等的后果,但他们也可以成为积极变革的重要倡导者。英国最近的一项研究表明,年轻人比年长者更有可能意识到并关注不平等问题。世界各地也有年轻人作为积极公民参与反对不平等运动的正面例子(Bruselius-Jensen, Pitti, & Tisdall, 2021)。这种参与不仅有助于推动变革,还可以通过赋予年轻人社会联系和团结意识,以及目的感和能动性,减轻不平等对心理健康的影响。
{"title":"Editorial: Socio-economic inequality and child and adolescent mental health","authors":"Kate E. Pickett, Richard G. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/camh.12699","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It would be hard to find anyone, including politicians anywhere on the political spectrum, who would not agree that a society should look after its children well – giving them a good start in life, protecting their interests and their health and wellbeing, and promoting their development and education. Our children are our future – our long-term societal well-being depends on them. And there is widespread contemporary concern for the mental health of children and adolescents, following the global COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p>In this context, it is perhaps surprising that it is so difficult to compare different societies in terms of child and adolescent mental health, but it remains the case that there are no sources of high quality, internationally comparable data on mental illness in children and young people. Even within countries, there are surprisingly few sources of data – no data on child mental illness could be included in the recent Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 in the USA (Pickett, <span>2022</span>). To try and understand both variation in child and adolescent mental health, and the causes of such variation, we have to use proxy measures, such as life satisfaction, or measures such as the adolescent suicide rate that represent a very extreme tip of an iceberg of mental distress. In their most recent report on child well-being in high income countries, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), created an index of mental well-being that includes the percentage of 15 year olds reporting high life satisfaction and the suicide rate for 15–19 year olds (https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/Report-Card-16-Worlds-of-Influence-child-wellbeing.pdf). On this index, the Netherlands ranks top and New Zealand bottom, and there is much variation in both measures. Over 90% of children in the Netherlands have high life satisfaction, but only 64% of UK children say the same. In Greece, the teenage suicide rate is 1.4 per 100,000 adolescents, in New Zealand that figure is 10 times higher at 14.9 per 100,000.</p><p>Nevertheless, there are now a number of studies suggesting that income inequality, the gap between rich and poor in a society, is robustly associated with measures of mental well-being in children and young people (Alemán-Díaz et al., <span>2016</span>), whether that is child mental illness in relation to income inequality across the 50 US states (Wilkinson & Pickett, <span>2009</span>), happiness and psychological distress across regions of China (Du, Chi, & King, <span>2019</span>) or psychological symptoms across 17 high income countries (Dierckens et al., <span>2020</span>). We have also shown that changes in income inequality are related to changes in child well-being – as countries become more or less equal their child well-being rises or falls (Pickett & Wilkinson, <span>2015</span>).</p><p>Within countries, socio-economic position has a well-described and profound impact on all aspects of child and adolesce","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"308-310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This editorial perspective summarises the key findings of the independent review of gender identity services for children and young people commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS) in England (the Cass Review). Although the evidence underpinning endocrine interventions in this group of young people remains weak, there is much that mental health practitioners can do to improve their well-being and support their families. The controversies surrounding this group of young people have disempowered local professionals, who have lost confidence in their ability to provide care for them. The reality is that CAMHS professionals already have all the necessary transferrable skills and with a small amount of top up training, they can make a profound difference to the lives of this vulnerable group, which has been marginalised in our healthcare system.
{"title":"Editorial: The Cass Review – implications and reassurance for practitioners","authors":"Hilary Cass","doi":"10.1111/camh.12723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial perspective summarises the key findings of the independent review of gender identity services for children and young people commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS) in England (the Cass Review). Although the evidence underpinning endocrine interventions in this group of young people remains weak, there is much that mental health practitioners can do to improve their well-being and support their families. The controversies surrounding this group of young people have disempowered local professionals, who have lost confidence in their ability to provide care for them. The reality is that CAMHS professionals already have all the necessary transferrable skills and with a small amount of top up training, they can make a profound difference to the lives of this vulnerable group, which has been marginalised in our healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Addressing the escalating trend of nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics among adolescents – a call for gender-sensitive interventions and policy reforms","authors":"Lien-Chung Wei, Hsien-Jane Chiu","doi":"10.1111/camh.12731","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environment influences the way we act, react and adapt to our surroundings whether it is consciously or unconsciously. Though it is widely accepted that multiple interacting systems influence human behaviour and development across the life span, the reality of teasing these factors apart is difficult and challenging. In this brief commentary on Czernine and colleagues' important and timely paper, 'Can a modernised psychiatric unit space reduce the use of coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatry?', I evaluate and build on the evidence presented by making constructive suggestions on ways of improving the status quo healthcare and treatment conditions for children and adolescents today. The underlying assumption is that by furthering this complex yet important area of research in the field of psychiatry and adjacent disciplines, we can improve existing healthcare systems and processes that are aligned with meeting child and adolescent needs.
{"title":"Commentary: Can a modernised psychiatric unit space reduce the use of coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatry? A commentary on Czernine et al. (2024).","authors":"Keri Ka-Yee Wong","doi":"10.1111/camh.12732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environment influences the way we act, react and adapt to our surroundings whether it is consciously or unconsciously. Though it is widely accepted that multiple interacting systems influence human behaviour and development across the life span, the reality of teasing these factors apart is difficult and challenging. In this brief commentary on Czernine and colleagues' important and timely paper, 'Can a modernised psychiatric unit space reduce the use of coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatry?', I evaluate and build on the evidence presented by making constructive suggestions on ways of improving the status quo healthcare and treatment conditions for children and adolescents today. The underlying assumption is that by furthering this complex yet important area of research in the field of psychiatry and adjacent disciplines, we can improve existing healthcare systems and processes that are aligned with meeting child and adolescent needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary discusses the history of ADHD and how it can inform contemporary debates about the disorder. It critiques retrospective histories of ADHD, which propose earlier origins for the disorder than match the historical evidence. It concludes by indicating when ADHD did emerge as a distinctive disorder and why it did so.
{"title":"Narrative Matters: When does the history of ADHD not begin?","authors":"Matthew Smith","doi":"10.1111/camh.12727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This commentary discusses the history of ADHD and how it can inform contemporary debates about the disorder. It critiques retrospective histories of ADHD, which propose earlier origins for the disorder than match the historical evidence. It concludes by indicating when ADHD did emerge as a distinctive disorder and why it did so.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"385-387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recognition of hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and emotional lability as a clinical syndrome is at the heart of identifying whether there is a discoverer of the condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Just as clinics of children diagnosed with ADHD do not capture a homogeneous group of boys and girls, however, history does not either. What different observers/clinicians have chosen to highlight reflects what is important to them and to the times in which they lived. The child/children described by Heinrich Hoffman (of Fidgety Phil fame) and George Still (who highlighted impulsive aggression as a moral defect), for instance, did not come with a list of criteria (with which even now we cannot always agree) to prove unequivocally that they had ADHD. Who cares! It is sufficient that they recognized the importance of certain co-occurring behaviors and shared their observations with us such that we can conclude our clinic's children were recognized by good past observers. ADHD-like children, like the poor, have probably always been with us.
{"title":"Commentary: Who gets the credit for “discovering” ADHD and what is the question, really?","authors":"Gabrielle A. Carlson","doi":"10.1111/camh.12730","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recognition of hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and emotional lability as a clinical syndrome is at the heart of identifying whether there is a discoverer of the condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Just as clinics of children diagnosed with ADHD do not capture a homogeneous group of boys and girls, however, history does not either. What different observers/clinicians have chosen to highlight reflects what is important to them and to the times in which they lived. The child/children described by Heinrich Hoffman (of Fidgety Phil fame) and George Still (who highlighted impulsive aggression as a moral defect), for instance, did not come with a list of criteria (with which even now we cannot always agree) to prove unequivocally that they had ADHD. Who cares! It is sufficient that they recognized the importance of certain co-occurring behaviors and shared their observations with us such that we can conclude our clinic's children were recognized by good past observers. ADHD-like children, like the poor, have probably always been with us.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"388-390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}