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Suicidal behaviour in Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚的自杀行为
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.6016/318
S. Ziherl, P. Pregelj
Background: The prevalence of suicide is increasingworldwide and nowadays approximatelyone million people commit suicide every year.In Slovenia, suicide is a major public health andsocial problem. Suicide rate in Slovenia is amongthe highest in Europe. Despite intensive researchwork on suicide in the countries with high suiciderates and despite all new data on risk factors,the suicide rates do not decline (with few exceptions).Nevertheless, suicide prevention is possibleif it is based on research data and included inthe National programme of suicide prevention.Conclusions: Slovenia being highly endangeredby suicide, its Gorvernment should immediatelynominate a working group which would preparea National programme of suicide prevention.
背景:世界范围内自杀的流行率正在上升,现在每年大约有一百万人自杀。在斯洛文尼亚,自杀是一个重大的公共卫生和社会问题。斯洛文尼亚的自杀率是欧洲最高的。尽管在自杀率高的国家对自杀进行了深入的研究,尽管有关于危险因素的所有新数据,但自杀率并没有下降(只有少数例外)。然而,如果基于研究数据并纳入国家自杀预防计划,自杀预防是可能的。结论:斯洛文尼亚是自杀的高度危险国家,其政府应立即提名一个工作组来制定预防自杀的国家方案。
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引用次数: 4
Anti-fungal medication and sarcoidosis. 抗真菌药物和结节病。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1164/AJRCCM-CONFERENCE.2010.181.1_MEETINGABSTRACTS.A5996
M. Terčelj, B. Salobir, R. Rylander
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引用次数: 0
Species diversity and concentration of moulds in air samples from hospital indoor and outdoor environment 医院室内和室外空气样本中霉菌的种类多样性和浓度
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.6016/266
T. Matos, Tanja Kavčič
Background: Prophylactic antifungal treatments as well as an appropriate protective environment are essential for prevention of invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised patients. h e aim of our study was to determine the species and concentrations of airborne moulds in various hospital indoor environments as well as the immediate outdoor environment. We have also tested three dif erent growth media in an attempt to establish which one is the most appropriate for air sampling.Methods: Between October 2007 and March 2008 air samples have been collected from two construction sites at UMC Ljubljana and the immediate outdoor environment with no construction works as well as in a regular hospital ward and an ICU of UMC Ljubljana. h e recovered moulds were then identified
背景:预防性抗真菌治疗以及适当的保护环境对于预防免疫功能低下患者侵袭性真菌感染至关重要。我们研究的目的是确定各种医院室内环境以及直接室外环境中空气中霉菌的种类和浓度。我们还测试了三种不同的生长介质,试图确定哪一种最适合空气采样。方法:2007年10月至2008年3月,在卢布尔雅那联合医学中心的两个建筑工地、无建筑工地的直接室外环境、一个普通病房和一个ICU采集空气样本。然后对回收的霉菌进行鉴定
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引用次数: 1
A uterine electromyographic activity as a measure of labour progression 子宫肌电图活动作为分娩进展的量度
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.5772/25526
J. Vrhovec, D. Rudel, M. Pajntar, A. M. Lebar
Background:The purpose of this study was the possibility to follow the progress of labour using electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from the uterine corpus and the cervix.Methods: 28 healty primiparous women with induced labour at an age from 19 to 29 years were enrolled in the study. For interpretation of EMG signals Sample entropy (SampEn), the measure of time series regularity was used. SampEn values were related to the progress of labour recorded in the partogram. h e main outcome is association between labour progress and values of SampEn.Results: Approaching the childbirth during normally progressing labour, regular activity of uterine corpus muscles and cervical muscles is indicated as a decreasing trend in values of SampEn. A delay in the active phase of labour due to active contractions of cervical circular muscles is indicated in greater values of SampEn calculated from cervical EMG activity.Conclusions: By measuring and processing of EMG signals from the uterine corpus and the cervix an obstetrician can obtain an additional useful information on the progress of labour.
背景:本研究的目的是利用从子宫体和子宫颈获得的肌电图(EMG)信号来跟踪分娩过程的可能性。方法:选取28例19 ~ 29岁的健康引产妇女为研究对象。对于肌电信号的解释,样本熵(Sample entropy, SampEn)是对时间序列规律性的度量。SampEn值与剖面图中记录的劳动进度有关。主要结果是劳动进步与SampEn值之间的关联。结果:在正常产程中临近分娩时,子宫肌体和宫颈肌肉活动规律,SampEn值呈下降趋势。由宫颈肌电活动计算的SampEn值较大,表明由于宫颈环形肌的主动收缩导致产程活跃期的延迟。结论:通过测量和处理子宫体和子宫颈的肌电图信号,产科医生可以获得有关分娩过程的额外有用信息。
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引用次数: 20
Missed Cases of Syphilis 梅毒漏诊病例
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.6016/439
V. H. Topčič, B. Mlakar
As syphilis incidence has been declining overthe past few decades, a general belief is presentthat it has become practically eradicated.But since the 1990s reports about localoutbreaks, mostly related to men who havesex with men (MSM), have been published.In the past two years we have seen seven casesof syphilis in our proctology units that havebeen overlooked by other physicians. In thisarticle a few interesting cases are presented.Not only the risk groups, but physicians aswell need to be informed about the increasingincidence of syphilis. When a patientis diagnosed with a sexually transmited infection(STI) or there is a clinical suspicionthat he might have one, a screening test forthe most common STIs should be performedwhich should also include testing for syphilis.
由于梅毒的发病率在过去几十年里一直在下降,人们普遍认为梅毒实际上已经被根除了。但自20世纪90年代以来,有关局部暴发的报告已经发表,这些暴发大多与男男性行为者(MSM)有关。在过去的两年里,我们在直肠科发现了7例被其他医生忽视的梅毒病例。本文介绍了几个有趣的案例。不仅是高危人群,医生也需要了解梅毒发病率的上升情况。当一个病人被诊断患有性传播感染(STI)或有临床怀疑他可能患有性病时,应该进行最常见的性传播感染筛查测试,其中也应该包括梅毒测试。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiocerebral resuscitation: facts and prospects 心肺复苏:事实与前景
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.6016/436
D. Kupnik, M. Krizmaric
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospitalsetting still has to cope with poorlay-rescuer knowledge of resuscitation techniques,low public availability of automatedexternal defi brillators, many detrimentalinterruptions of chest compressions duringlay and professional resuscitation eff orts andsuboptimal postresuscitation care. Th ereforethe survival of patients aft er cardiac arrestremains poor. To address those fl aws, cardiopulmonaryresuscitation guidelines of 2005are targeted at improving cardiopulmonaryresuscitation by achieving adequate depth,number, and minimal interruptions of chest compressions per minute, and avoidinghyperventilation. But a combination of chestcompressions and rescue breathing is still themainstay of resuscitation ofi n primary andsecondary cardiac arrest despite diff erentpathophysiological causes. In the last twodecades a concept of cardiocerebral resuscitationemerged, and according to research itis equal to or even better than standard cardiopulmonaryresuscitation in terms of patients'prognosis aft er successful resuscitationof sudden or primary unexpected cardiac arrest.Cardiocerebral resuscitation of patientswith primary cardiac arrest consists of layrescueruninterrupted chest compressions without rescue breathing in the fi rst minutesof resuscitation, advanced life support techniquesthat do not interrupt chest compressionsand thus maintain their positive hemodynamiceff ects. If professional rescuersarrive at the scene within 4 to 5 minutes aft erprimary cardiac arrest, defi brillation shouldbe attempted prior to resuscitation techiques,but if professional help arrives later than 4 to5 minutes aft er primary cardiac arrest, twominutes of resuscitation techniques shouldbe performed prior to the fi rst defi brillation.Post-resuscitation care includes mild inducedhypothermia, coronarography and percutaneouscoronary intervention.
院前心肺复苏仍然需要应对以下问题:急救人员对复苏技术的了解不足,自动体外除颤器的公众可得性低,在急救和专业复苏过程中多次有害的胸部按压中断,以及复苏后护理不理想。因此,心脏骤停后患者的生存率仍然很低。为了解决这些缺陷,2005年心肺复苏指南的目标是通过达到适当的深度、次数和每分钟最小的胸外按压中断来改善心肺复苏,并避免过度通气。但是,尽管有不同的病理生理原因,胸腔按压和人工呼吸的结合仍然是原发性和继发性心脏骤停的主要复苏方法。在过去的二十年中,出现了心脑复苏的概念,根据研究,在突然或原发性意外心脏骤停成功复苏后的患者预后方面,它等于甚至优于标准的心肺复苏。原发性心脏骤停患者的心肺复苏包括:在复苏的最初几分钟不间断的胸外按压、不中断胸外按压的先进生命支持技术,从而保持其积极的血液动力学作用。如果专业救援人员在原发性心脏骤停后4 - 5分钟内到达现场,应在复苏技术之前尝试除颤,但如果专业帮助在原发性心脏骤停后4 - 5分钟后到达,应在第一次除颤之前进行2分钟的复苏技术。复苏后护理包括轻度诱发性低温、冠状造影和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Mobile phone as a tool in the areas of health protection 移动电话作为健康保护领域的工具
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.6016/430
A. Štern, A. Kos
Mobile phones are ubiquitous among severalgroups of population, representing an importantsocial factor by providing the connectivitybetween an individual and a distantor close environment. During the decades oftechnological advances these devices haveevolved from the basic voice-oriented gadgetsto effi cient tools available on diff erent serviceareas. Combining custom designed soft ware,local wireless connectivity modules, motionsensors, location-estimation units and audio-visual interfaces they introduce innovativeapproaches to protection, preservationand improvement of health. Our Laboratoryfor Telecommunications is actively involvedinto research and development progress activitiessince the year 2000 with the resultsdescribed in the following sections and integratedin several existing solutions under theAdministration of the Republic of Sloveniafor Civil Protection and Disaster Relief andInstitute for Rehabilitation.Th e applications availability conforming tothe »anytime anywhere« principle is enabledby mobile operators' networks global coverage. Due to this global effi ciency the list ofremote services like telemedicine, awareness,education, prevention and protection suitablefor patients and medical personnel issteadily growing. Signifi cant advantages are increased feelings of safety, time and cost savings,shortened waiting queues, improvedquality of life and possibilities to develop additionalhealth-related activities.
手机在一些人群中无处不在,通过提供个人与遥远的近距离环境之间的联系,代表了一个重要的社会因素。在几十年的技术进步中,这些设备已经从基本的面向语音的小工具发展成为可用于不同服务领域的高效工具。结合定制设计的软件、本地无线连接模块、运动传感器、位置估计单元和视听接口,他们引入了保护、保存和改善健康的创新方法。自2000年以来,我们的电信实验室积极参与研究和开发进展活动,其成果将在以下章节中描述,并将其整合到斯洛文尼亚共和国民防和救灾管理局和康复研究所的几个现有解决方案中。符合“随时随地”原则的应用程序可用性是由移动运营商的网络全球覆盖实现的。由于这种全球效率,适合患者和医务人员的远程医疗、意识、教育、预防和保护等远程服务的清单正在稳步增长。显著的优势是增加了安全感,节省了时间和成本,缩短了等待队列,提高了生活质量,并有可能开展其他与健康相关的活动。
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引用次数: 6
The use of hormone replacement therapy in Slovenian women before the first diagnosis of breast cancer. 斯洛文尼亚妇女在首次诊断乳腺癌之前使用激素替代疗法。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5122(09)70069-6
K. Geršak, J. Cerne, P. Ferk, B. Leskosek
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF SPECIALISTIC TRAINING IN FAMILY MEDICINE ON DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS 家庭医学专业培训对伦理困境发现和管理的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.6016/379
Z. Klemenc-Ketiš, Janja Ojstersek, J. Kersnik
Background Ethical dilemmas are an important part of daily routine in family practice. One of the options for better quality in family practice is also an effective postgraduate education in the field of bioethics. We wanted to determine the influence of the specialization process on the susceptibility of family physicians to ethical dilemmas and their solving difficulty. We hypothesized that specialists in family medicine would detect the ethical dilemmas more often and that they would report of less problems in their managing.Methods The cross-sectional study included a random sample of 259 Slovenian family medicine physicians (30 % of the whole population of family physicians). Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire on perceived ethical dilemmas in family practice with responses on a 5-point scale and a maximum score of 100.Results In the final analysis 142 Slovenian family medicine physicians (55 % response rate) were included. Specialists in family medicine and residents of family medicine reported ethical dilemmas more often than their colleagues without specialization (37.0 ± 12.6 vs. 30.7 ± 10.8; P = 0.05). Similarly, the residents of family medicine reported ethical dilemmas more often than their colleagues without specialization (39.5 ± 12.5 vs. 30.7 ± 10.8, P = 0.04). Specialists in family medicine and residents of family medicine considered solving ethical dilemmas to be more difficult than their colleagues without specialization (57.3 ± 11.6 vs. 47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.001). The same differences exist also between the specialists in family medicine and their colleagues without specialization (56.7 ± 11.7 vs. 47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.003) and between the residents of family medicine and their colleagues without specialization (62.0 ± 10.0 vs. 47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.001).Conclusions Physicians that are working in family practices need effective postgraduate education in the field of detection and management of ethical dilemmas. The questionnaire for perceived ethical dilemmas proved to be a reliable instrument for evaluation of education’s effectiveness.
伦理困境是家庭实践中日常事务的重要组成部分。提高家庭医疗质量的途径之一是开展有效的生物伦理学研究生教育。我们想要确定专业化进程对家庭医生对伦理困境的易感性及其解决难度的影响。我们假设,家庭医学专家会更经常地发现道德困境,他们会报告较少的管理问题。方法横断面研究随机抽取259名斯洛文尼亚家庭医学医生(占家庭医生总人数的30%)。参与者被要求填写一份关于在家庭实践中感知到的道德困境的自我调查问卷,回答为5分,最高得分为100分。结果最终纳入142名斯洛文尼亚家庭医学医生(有效率55%)。家庭医学专家和家庭医学住院医师报告道德困境的频率高于非专科医师(37.0±12.6∶30.7±10.8;P = 0.05)。同样,家庭医学住院医师比非专科住院医师更常报告道德困境(39.5±12.5比30.7±10.8,P = 0.04)。家庭医学专科医师和家庭医学住院医师认为解决伦理困境的难度高于非专科医师(57.3±11.6∶47.1±11.8,P = 0.001)。家庭医学专科医师与非专科医师之间(56.7±11.7∶47.1±11.8,P = 0.003)和家庭医学住院医师与非专科医师之间(62.0±10.0∶47.1±11.8,P = 0.001)也存在相同的差异。结论家庭医生需要在伦理困境的发现和管理方面进行有效的研究生教育。认知道德困境问卷被证明是评估教育有效性的可靠工具。
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引用次数: 2
Practical considerations of DNA testing in medicine. 医学中DNA检测的实际考虑。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2009-02-01 DOI: 10.6016/369
G. Rudolf, B. Peterlin
Background The rapid development of genetics has brought an increasing knowledge of the molecularbases of diseases, which in turn has allowed for the development of accurate diagnostic test– DNA analysis. The goal of DNA analysis in medicine is to detect genetic changes which bymolecular logic is the most accurate way to confirm the presence of genetic disease.Conclusions In the article we try to highlight the complexity of the use of genetic testing, as, besides theimportance of indicating the appropriate analysis, correct interpretation of any results, anunderstanding of the limits of testing and its specificity, there are many legal and ethicalimplications connected with genetic testing. It therefore follows that genetic counselingshould be an integral part of the process of genetic testing.At the end of the article we describe the organization of genetic testing in Slovenia and tryto give some recommendations regarding the use of genetic testing in clinical medicine.
遗传学的快速发展使人们对疾病的分子基础有了越来越多的了解,这反过来又使准确的诊断测试——DNA分析的发展成为可能。医学上DNA分析的目的是通过分子逻辑检测遗传变化,这是确认遗传疾病存在的最准确的方法。在本文中,我们试图强调使用基因检测的复杂性,因为,除了指出适当分析的重要性,对任何结果的正确解释,对检测局限性及其特异性的理解,还有许多与基因检测相关的法律和伦理影响。因此,遗传咨询应该是基因检测过程的一个组成部分。在文章的最后,我们描述了斯洛文尼亚基因检测的组织,并试图给出一些关于在临床医学中使用基因检测的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal
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