Diplopia means seeing two images of the same, one object. It is a symptom with numerous causes that can involve many different structures. The cause can lay in the eyeball itself: the cornea, the lens and the retina or behind the eyeball: in the orbit or intracranial. Diplopia is only a symptom that can indicate a life threatening ilness like an aneurysm, a dissection or a brain tumor. That is why when presented with it we have to do a thorough examination and look for a red flag that could indicate danger. This way we can make a timely intervention, saving the patients sight or life. This article describes the most crucial signs of a dangerous underlying condition that we cannot afford to miss, a practical guide to the historical assesment, as well as to the physical examination of a patient with double vision to help localize the cause.
{"title":"Diplopija: Praktičen pristop k diagnostiki","authors":"Igor Šivec, Dragica Kosec","doi":"10.6016/ZdravVestn.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.1116","url":null,"abstract":"Diplopia means seeing two images of the same, one object. It is a symptom with numerous causes that can involve many different structures. The cause can lay in the eyeball itself: the cornea, the lens and the retina or behind the eyeball: in the orbit or intracranial. Diplopia is only a symptom that can indicate a life threatening ilness like an aneurysm, a dissection or a brain tumor. That is why when presented with it we have to do a thorough examination and look for a red flag that could indicate danger. This way we can make a timely intervention, saving the patients sight or life. This article describes the most crucial signs of a dangerous underlying condition that we cannot afford to miss, a practical guide to the historical assesment, as well as to the physical examination of a patient with double vision to help localize the cause.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90080586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matej Mavrič, Črt Zavrnik, Marjan Bilban, Jože Grošelj
Epilepsy poses a risk for all participants in road traffic; therefore people with epilepsy do not meet the criteria for an unlimited driving license. Their driving is affected not only by epileptic seizures causing impaired consciousness and involuntary movements, but also by antiepileptic drugs with their many unwanted affects. The experts have not yet agreed on whether people with epilepsy have an increased risk of experiencing a road traffic accident. However, recent data suggests that the overall risk is lower compared to other medical conditions. Scientific evidence forms the basis of legislation, which by limiting people with epilepsy, enables all participants in road traffic to drive in the safest possible environment. The legislation that governs epilepsy and driving in Slovenia has been recently thoroughly reformed and thus allows a less discriminatory management of people with epilepsy. Although people with epilepsy experience many issues in their daily life, including their personal relationships and employment, they often list the need for driving as a top concern in surveys. General physicians play an important role in managing the issues of people with epilepsy.
{"title":"Epilepsija in vožnja","authors":"Matej Mavrič, Črt Zavrnik, Marjan Bilban, Jože Grošelj","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1182","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy poses a risk for all participants in road traffic; therefore people with epilepsy do not meet the criteria for an unlimited driving license. Their driving is affected not only by epileptic seizures causing impaired consciousness and involuntary movements, but also by antiepileptic drugs with their many unwanted affects. The experts have not yet agreed on whether people with epilepsy have an increased risk of experiencing a road traffic accident. However, recent data suggests that the overall risk is lower compared to other medical conditions. Scientific evidence forms the basis of legislation, which by limiting people with epilepsy, enables all participants in road traffic to drive in the safest possible environment. The legislation that governs epilepsy and driving in Slovenia has been recently thoroughly reformed and thus allows a less discriminatory management of people with epilepsy. Although people with epilepsy experience many issues in their daily life, including their personal relationships and employment, they often list the need for driving as a top concern in surveys. General physicians play an important role in managing the issues of people with epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87025450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : In the last decades outcomes of rectal cancer treatment are improving due to better understanding of tumor biology, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment and precise surgical technique, considering pathologic anatomical lines. Proportion of rectal cancer local recurrence (LR) has been substantially decreasing. Objectives of this study are, first, to find out whether two groups, with and without rectal local recurrence, are statistically important different in certain risk factors and, second, to define prognostic factors of rectal local recurrence. Methods : Total of 787 nonmetastatisc rectal cancer patients, diagnosed between 2003 and 2005, treated with surgery in all Slovenian hospitals, were enrolled retrospectively. The recurrence-free survival rates were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. For statistical comparison of survival of two groups according to prognostic factors log-rank test was used. The adjusted hazard ratios for significant survival prognostic factors were calculated using Cox multivariate analysis. Results : Patients with LR had more tumors in the lower third of rectum (p=0,045), more abdominoperineal, Hartmann's and local excisions (p=0,000) and less radical operations (p=0,005), more of them were operated in hospitals with lesser caseload of patients (p=0,000), more often were treated only surgically (p=0,048), had more colon defects after excision of tumors (p=0,025) and had more distant disease recurrences (p=0,000). In follow up period of 5,3 years LR occurred in 13,1% and in 54% of those in 1,9 years after surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the statistically significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival were tumor's rectal position, regional lymph nodes status and the hospital of surgery. Conclusions : Proportion of LR is an appropriate indicator of optimal multidisciplinary rectal cancer treatment.
{"title":"Local recurence of rectal cancer in patients with nonmetastatic disease, diagnosed in 2003 - 2005","authors":"M. Rems, K. Jarm, V. Zadnik, M. Primic‐Žakelj","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1241","url":null,"abstract":"Background : In the last decades outcomes of rectal cancer treatment are improving due to better understanding of tumor biology, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment and precise surgical technique, considering pathologic anatomical lines. Proportion of rectal cancer local recurrence (LR) has been substantially decreasing. Objectives of this study are, first, to find out whether two groups, with and without rectal local recurrence, are statistically important different in certain risk factors and, second, to define prognostic factors of rectal local recurrence. Methods : Total of 787 nonmetastatisc rectal cancer patients, diagnosed between 2003 and 2005, treated with surgery in all Slovenian hospitals, were enrolled retrospectively. The recurrence-free survival rates were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. For statistical comparison of survival of two groups according to prognostic factors log-rank test was used. The adjusted hazard ratios for significant survival prognostic factors were calculated using Cox multivariate analysis. Results : Patients with LR had more tumors in the lower third of rectum (p=0,045), more abdominoperineal, Hartmann's and local excisions (p=0,000) and less radical operations (p=0,005), more of them were operated in hospitals with lesser caseload of patients (p=0,000), more often were treated only surgically (p=0,048), had more colon defects after excision of tumors (p=0,025) and had more distant disease recurrences (p=0,000). In follow up period of 5,3 years LR occurred in 13,1% and in 54% of those in 1,9 years after surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the statistically significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival were tumor's rectal position, regional lymph nodes status and the hospital of surgery. Conclusions : Proportion of LR is an appropriate indicator of optimal multidisciplinary rectal cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78207391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical prcedures in childhood. Acute pain after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy can be treated with non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Our hypothesis stated that tramadol iv after induction of anaesthesia has superior analgesic effect compared to acetaminophen. Methods: In a prospective, randomised study we compared analgesic efficacy of tramadol (group T: 2 mg/kgBW iv) and acetaminophen (group A: elixir 15 mg/kgBW before op. procedure) in a group of 108 children (age 3-7 years). Exclusion critheria: allergy, liver or kidney failure, epilepsy, febrile convulsions. A standard anaesthetic technique was used: propofol, alfentanil, vecuronium, positive pressure ventilation with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After the procedure each child received acetaminophen suppositories (10 mg/kgBW/4-6h) and combined suppositories. Monitoring: vital signs during and after op. procedure, pain intensity on the ward (facial pain score). Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in age distribution (mean age 5,2 years), ASA physical status, body weight, operative procedure, pain scores (VAS 6h after operative procedure; group T: 4,21±1,45; group A: 4,06±1,33), oxygen saturation, pulse frequency and the consumption of acetaminophen suppositories. Significant difference was in the consumption of combined suppositories (group T: 1,85±0,79; group A: 1,43±0,69, p=0,003). Conclusion: Our study has shown, that tramadol is not a superior analgesic for the relief of posttonsillectomy pain in children compared to acetaminophen.
{"title":"ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF TRAMADOL IN PEDIATRIC TONSILLECTOMY WITH ADENOIDECTOMY","authors":"J. Benedik","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical prcedures in childhood. Acute pain after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy can be treated with non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Our hypothesis stated that tramadol iv after induction of anaesthesia has superior analgesic effect compared to acetaminophen. Methods: In a prospective, randomised study we compared analgesic efficacy of tramadol (group T: 2 mg/kgBW iv) and acetaminophen (group A: elixir 15 mg/kgBW before op. procedure) in a group of 108 children (age 3-7 years). Exclusion critheria: allergy, liver or kidney failure, epilepsy, febrile convulsions. A standard anaesthetic technique was used: propofol, alfentanil, vecuronium, positive pressure ventilation with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After the procedure each child received acetaminophen suppositories (10 mg/kgBW/4-6h) and combined suppositories. Monitoring: vital signs during and after op. procedure, pain intensity on the ward (facial pain score). Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in age distribution (mean age 5,2 years), ASA physical status, body weight, operative procedure, pain scores (VAS 6h after operative procedure; group T: 4,21±1,45; group A: 4,06±1,33), oxygen saturation, pulse frequency and the consumption of acetaminophen suppositories. Significant difference was in the consumption of combined suppositories (group T: 1,85±0,79; group A: 1,43±0,69, p=0,003). Conclusion: Our study has shown, that tramadol is not a superior analgesic for the relief of posttonsillectomy pain in children compared to acetaminophen.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Praprotnik, Nevenka Bratanič, J. Brecelj, M. Flezar, U. Krivec
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive lethal hereditary disorder among whites. Survival of patients with CF has progressively improved over the last four decades. As life expectancy has been greatly extended, complications like osteopenia and CF-related diabetes mellitus (CFRDM) occur. In our article, a new management of these two complications is described. Gastrointestinal tract, exocrine pancreas and liver are also affected in CF. Maintaining good nutrition while treating pancreatic insufficiency, treating gastroesophageal reflux disease and treating liver disease are very important issues in the treatment gastrointestinal tract disease in CF. As the CF patient population median survival increases, a growing number of adolescents require care in the adult health care system which must be capable of responding appropriately to their needs. We present a model of transition from paediatric to adult medical care in our CF center.
{"title":"UP-TO-DATE MANAGEMENT OF LIVER DISEASE AND COMPLICATIONS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND TRANSITION OF ADOLESCENTS FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE","authors":"M. Praprotnik, Nevenka Bratanič, J. Brecelj, M. Flezar, U. Krivec","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1228","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive lethal hereditary disorder among whites. Survival of patients with CF has progressively improved over the last four decades. As life expectancy has been greatly extended, complications like osteopenia and CF-related diabetes mellitus (CFRDM) occur. In our article, a new management of these two complications is described. Gastrointestinal tract, exocrine pancreas and liver are also affected in CF. Maintaining good nutrition while treating pancreatic insufficiency, treating gastroesophageal reflux disease and treating liver disease are very important issues in the treatment gastrointestinal tract disease in CF. As the CF patient population median survival increases, a growing number of adolescents require care in the adult health care system which must be capable of responding appropriately to their needs. We present a model of transition from paediatric to adult medical care in our CF center.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78308477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neža Rugelj, K. Trobec, M. Pišlar, P. M. Brguljan, M. Košnik, A. Mrhar
Background Therapeutic monitoring of theophylline serum levels is required due to its narrow therapeutic range and marked interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. We evaluated therapeutic drug monitoring service for theophylline in Slovenian clinical setting, which currently includes no pharmacokinetic evaluation of measured theophylline serum concentrations. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 127 randomly selected theophylline serum level determinations performed in 2010 in a tertiary clinical setting in Slovenia. Demographic data, information on theophylline dosing and blood sampling was collected from patients’ data files. Authors evaluated the appropriateness of the following procedures: indications for theophylline serum concentration measurement, timing of blood sampling and dosage adjustments made after theophylline levels had been reported. On the basis of collected data, population pharmacokinetic model for theophylline was built and further used for the evaluation of dosage adjustments. Results Out of 127 cases, 107 (84.3%) had clinically justified indication for theophylline serum level measurement. Near half of measurements (44.9%) were performed before the steady state of theophylline concentrations was established. 65% of measured concentrations were subtherapeutic and the average measured concentration was below therapeutic range (53.1 μmol/L). Despite subtherapeutic concentrations the dose of theophylline was mainly not increased. Pharmacokinetic model enabled the calculation of average optimal daily dose which was significantly higher than the average actual daily dose used (876 mg vs. 572 mg, p < 0.001). Conclusions Theophylline TDM service should be optimized and pharmacokinetic interpretation of theophylline serum levels should be integrated into clinical practice.
背景:由于茶碱的治疗范围窄，个体间药代动力学差异明显，因此需要对茶碱的血清水平进行治疗性监测。我们评估了斯洛文尼亚临床环境中茶碱的治疗药物监测服务，目前没有对测量的茶碱血清浓度进行药代动力学评估。方法回顾性评估2010年在斯洛文尼亚三级临床环境中随机选择的127例茶碱血清水平测定。从患者数据档案中收集人口统计数据、茶碱剂量信息和血样。作者评估了以下程序的适当性:茶碱血清浓度测量的适应症，采血时间和报告茶碱水平后进行的剂量调整。在收集数据的基础上，建立了茶碱的群体药动学模型，并进一步用于剂量调整的评价。结果127例患者中有107例(84.3%)有临床合理的指征。近一半(44.9%)的测量是在茶碱浓度稳定状态建立之前进行的。65%的测量浓度为亚治疗浓度，平均测量浓度低于治疗范围(53.1 μmol/L)。尽管浓度低于治疗水平，但茶碱的剂量基本没有增加。药代动力学模型使平均最佳日剂量的计算显著高于平均实际日剂量(876 mg vs. 572 mg, p < 0.001)。结论应优化茶碱TDM服务，将茶碱血清药代动力学解释纳入临床实践。
{"title":"Evaluation of theophylline therapeutic drug monitoring service","authors":"Neža Rugelj, K. Trobec, M. Pišlar, P. M. Brguljan, M. Košnik, A. Mrhar","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Background Therapeutic monitoring of theophylline serum levels is required due to its narrow therapeutic range and marked interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. We evaluated therapeutic drug monitoring service for theophylline in Slovenian clinical setting, which currently includes no pharmacokinetic evaluation of measured theophylline serum concentrations. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 127 randomly selected theophylline serum level determinations performed in 2010 in a tertiary clinical setting in Slovenia. Demographic data, information on theophylline dosing and blood sampling was collected from patients’ data files. Authors evaluated the appropriateness of the following procedures: indications for theophylline serum concentration measurement, timing of blood sampling and dosage adjustments made after theophylline levels had been reported. On the basis of collected data, population pharmacokinetic model for theophylline was built and further used for the evaluation of dosage adjustments. Results Out of 127 cases, 107 (84.3%) had clinically justified indication for theophylline serum level measurement. Near half of measurements (44.9%) were performed before the steady state of theophylline concentrations was established. 65% of measured concentrations were subtherapeutic and the average measured concentration was below therapeutic range (53.1 μmol/L). Despite subtherapeutic concentrations the dose of theophylline was mainly not increased. Pharmacokinetic model enabled the calculation of average optimal daily dose which was significantly higher than the average actual daily dose used (876 mg vs. 572 mg, p < 0.001). Conclusions Theophylline TDM service should be optimized and pharmacokinetic interpretation of theophylline serum levels should be integrated into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"36 12","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72494304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as its major component has been one of the main reasons for the drastic increase in overall survival of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. In our cohort, consisting of patients receiving maintenance therapy for ALL and encompassing time period of three decades, we evaluated dosage, safety and efficiency of 6-MP in the treatment of childhood ALL according to treatment protocol, age and gender. Methods: Slovenian paediatric ALL patients diagnosed and treated from 1970 to 2004 were identified through the national oncology patients` registry. Of 414 registered paediatric ALL patients, 320 received maintenance therapy for ALL and were included into the final study cohort. Information about age, gender, treatment protocol, 6-MP related toxic events and ALL relapse was extracted from patients` files. Differences in 6-MP dose reduction, 6-MP side effects and relapse according to gender, age and treatment protocol were statistically evaluated. Results: After adjustment for gender and age incidence of 6-MP dose reduction (p<0.001) and bone marrow suppression (p = 0.019) was higher in recent treatment protocols, while relapse was more common in older protocols (p < 0.001). Younger patients had greater risk for sepsis/infection (p = 0.002), while greater age was a risk factor for osteonecrosis (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were found according to gender. Conclusions: In the retrospective study, encompassing three decades of maintenance treatment of childhood ALL in Slovenia, recent protocols exhibited greater effectiveness and toxicity than older protocols.
{"title":"6-MP based maintenance therapy of childhood ALL in Slovenia: a retrospective study from 1970 to 2004","authors":"N. K. Kuželički, A. Šmid, I. M. Raščan, J. Jazbec","doi":"10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/ZDRAVVESTN.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as its major component has been one of the main reasons for the drastic increase in overall survival of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. In our cohort, consisting of patients receiving maintenance therapy for ALL and encompassing time period of three decades, we evaluated dosage, safety and efficiency of 6-MP in the treatment of childhood ALL according to treatment protocol, age and gender. Methods: Slovenian paediatric ALL patients diagnosed and treated from 1970 to 2004 were identified through the national oncology patients` registry. Of 414 registered paediatric ALL patients, 320 received maintenance therapy for ALL and were included into the final study cohort. Information about age, gender, treatment protocol, 6-MP related toxic events and ALL relapse was extracted from patients` files. Differences in 6-MP dose reduction, 6-MP side effects and relapse according to gender, age and treatment protocol were statistically evaluated. Results: After adjustment for gender and age incidence of 6-MP dose reduction (p<0.001) and bone marrow suppression (p = 0.019) was higher in recent treatment protocols, while relapse was more common in older protocols (p < 0.001). Younger patients had greater risk for sepsis/infection (p = 0.002), while greater age was a risk factor for osteonecrosis (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were found according to gender. Conclusions: In the retrospective study, encompassing three decades of maintenance treatment of childhood ALL in Slovenia, recent protocols exhibited greater effectiveness and toxicity than older protocols.","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89273067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-07DOI: 10.6016/slovmedjour.v84i2.1220
M. Videmšek, Eda Bokal Vrtačnik, D. Šćepanović, L. Žgur, Naja Videmšek, M. Meško, D. Karpljuk, J. Štihec, V. Hadžić
Properly selected and prescribed physical activity during pregnancy has a favorable effects on the health of pregnant women and the fetus, and is excellent preparation for childbirth. Absolute and relative contraindications to exercise during pregnancy are well defined, as well as the warning signs to terminate exercise while pregnant. Knowledge of these is essential for physically active pregnant women and exercise professionals that work with pregnant women. Pregnant women should be moderately physically active every day of the week for at least 30 minutes. The term moderate is thoroughly and clearly defined in the guidelines. Resistance exercises during pregnancy are safe but it is advised to use light loads and a large number of repetitions (e.g. 15-20 repetitions). Strength exercises for the pelvic floor muscles deserves a special place during pregnancy. Appropriate forms of physical activity for pregnant women are walking and jogging, swimming and aquatic exercise, cycling, Pilates and yoga, aerobics, fitness and cross-country skiing. Certain forms of physical activity need special adjustments (alpine skiing, ice skating and rollerblading, racket sports, team ball games, horseback riding and scuba diving).
{"title":"Recommendations for physical activity for pregnant women","authors":"M. Videmšek, Eda Bokal Vrtačnik, D. Šćepanović, L. Žgur, Naja Videmšek, M. Meško, D. Karpljuk, J. Štihec, V. Hadžić","doi":"10.6016/slovmedjour.v84i2.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6016/slovmedjour.v84i2.1220","url":null,"abstract":"Properly selected and prescribed physical activity during pregnancy has a favorable effects on the health of pregnant women and the fetus, and is excellent preparation for childbirth. Absolute and relative contraindications to exercise during pregnancy are well defined, as well as the warning signs to terminate exercise while pregnant. Knowledge of these is essential for physically active pregnant women and exercise professionals that work with pregnant women. Pregnant women should be moderately physically active every day of the week for at least 30 minutes. The term moderate is thoroughly and clearly defined in the guidelines. Resistance exercises during pregnancy are safe but it is advised to use light loads and a large number of repetitions (e.g. 15-20 repetitions). Strength exercises for the pelvic floor muscles deserves a special place during pregnancy. Appropriate forms of physical activity for pregnant women are walking and jogging, swimming and aquatic exercise, cycling, Pilates and yoga, aerobics, fitness and cross-country skiing. Certain forms of physical activity need special adjustments (alpine skiing, ice skating and rollerblading, racket sports, team ball games, horseback riding and scuba diving).","PeriodicalId":49350,"journal":{"name":"Zdravniski Vestnik-Slovenian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83001456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Praprotnik, A. K. Pirs, B. Salobir, M. Oštir, M. Turel, U. Krivec
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease, affecting mostly lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Data from patient registries show that the survival of patients with CF has progressively improved over the past several decades, as a result of advances in antibiotic treatment, supplementation of pancreatic enzymes, better nutrition and a holistic approach to treatment in CF centres. The purpose of this review is to survey recent developments in the treatment of lung disease in children and adolescents with CF. We describe newborn screening for CF. When chronic respiratory insufficiency occurs, lung transplantation becomes a very important issue. Lung disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Emerging new therapies are targeted at all points in the pathogenesis of lung disease, from drugs that treat infection and inflammation in the airways to gene transfer studies and to drugs that augment airway surface liquid height. A number of antibacterial agents formulated for inhalation are at various stages of study and there are several anti-inflammatory candidate drugs in clinical trials. The most important development in the recent years is modulation of the abnormal protein that causes CF, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), where drugs are targeted at specific defects in the transcription, processing or functioning. When chronic respiratory insufficiency occurs, lung transplantation becomes a very important issue. The role of the CF nurse, who has responsibilities in educating and teaching clinical skills to patients and families, is described.
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