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Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater Quality of the Aquifers in Djeffara Medenine (Southeastern-Tunisia) Djeffara Medenine（突尼斯东南部）含水层的水文地球化学和同位素特征及地下水质量评估

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822600917

S. Sahal, S. Kamel, B. Ayed, I. Nouiri

Abstract

The objective of this study is to contribute to identify the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics and groundwater quality aptitude for irrigation and drinking water uses in arid and semi-arid areas. The study area is the Djeffara of Medenine, in southeastern Tunisia. This region is facing increasing drinking water needs due to a rapidly growing population, increased urbanization and touristic activities. Fresh groundwater is the main source of water supply. The methodology used a hydrogeological survey as well as periodic sampling campaigns and interpretation of geochemical and isotopic groundwater data in the study area. Results demonstrated that the mineralization increase from upstream to downstream and its origins is the dissolution of sulphated salts (gypsum, anhydrite, epsomite, burkeite, thenardite and mirabilite) and chloride (halite and magnesium chloride) associated with the crust. Results approve hydrogeological communication between Zeuss Koutine (ZK) and Sahel El Ababsa Triassic sandstone (TSE) aquifers and the rainwater direct recharge of the two aquifers of the Djeffara groundwater system. Furthermore, the groundwater quality map shows three water types: suitable, moderate and unsuitable water for irrigation purposes. While, results for drinking purposes demonstrate that the ZK aquifer is more favorable for drinking than Triassic SE aquifer. Which 86 percent of resources really used for drinking water by the National Company of Drinking Water Supply (SONEDE) and rural water supply by regional Commissary for Agricultural Development (CRDA) [24].

摘要本研究的目的是确定干旱和半干旱地区灌溉和饮用水的水文地球化学和同位素特征以及地下水质量。研究区域是突尼斯东南部的梅德宁 Djeffara。由于人口迅速增长、城市化和旅游活动的增加，该地区正面临着日益增长的饮用水需求。地下淡水是主要的供水来源。研究方法采用了水文地质调查、定期采样活动以及对研究地区地下水地球化学和同位素数据的解释。结果表明，矿化度从上游向下游增加，其来源是与地壳有关的硫酸盐（石膏、无水石膏、泻盐、褐铁矿、褐铁矿和海泡石）和氯化物（海绿石和氯化镁）的溶解。研究结果表明，Zeuss Koutine（ZK）含水层和 Sahel El Ababsa 三叠纪砂岩（TSE）含水层之间存在水文地质联系，雨水可直接补给 Djeffara 地下水系统的两个含水层。此外，地下水水质图显示了三种水质类型：适合灌溉、中等和不适合灌溉。而用于饮用的结果表明，ZK 含水层比三叠纪东南含水层更适合饮用。国家饮用水供应公司（SONEDE）和地区农业发展委员会（CRDA）将其中 86% 的资源真正用于饮用水供应[24]。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Un-Steady Non-Darcy Flow in Rockfill Materials (RFM) 填石材料（RFM）中非稳态非达西流的实验和数值研究

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807821100791

H. Hajikazemian, J. Bazargan, M. Shokri, M. Safarian, H. Norouzi

Abstract

In this work, we studied the behavior of the unsteady flow in rockfill materials (i.e., grained porous media) both experimentally and numerically. The unsteady flow was created by moving up and down a hatch installed at the end of the channel. Experimental data were collected and stochastically analyzed, and Forchheimer relation coefficients were accurately calculated. Then, the Saint Venant equations were considered as governing relations to analyze unsteady flow. In this study, we considered all terms of Saint Venant equations contrary to previous studies where some terms have been excluded from the analysis. For scrutinizing responses of numerical calculations, a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on (Delta t) and (Delta x). By using binomial and power relations (separately), the values of depth and velocity of flow were computed and observed surface water profiles obtained. The comparison of the results revealed the high accuracy of computations so that the maximum computational error in moving up and down of the hatch was computed to be 3.4 and 2.9%, respectively. The results indicated the superiority of binomial equations to power, so that the maximum value of computational errors in binomial relations shows, on average, 22% relative improvement than power equations.

摘要在这项工作中，我们通过实验和数值方法研究了填石材料（即粒状多孔介质）中的非稳态流动行为。不稳定流是由安装在渠道末端的舱口上下移动产生的。对实验数据进行了收集和随机分析，并精确计算了福赫海默关系系数。然后，将 Saint Venant 方程视为分析非稳定流的支配关系。在这项研究中，我们考虑了 Saint Venant 方程的所有项，而不是像以前的研究那样，将某些项排除在分析之外。为了仔细检查数值计算的响应，我们根据（△ t ）和（△ x ）进行了敏感性分析。通过（分别）使用二项式关系和幂次关系，计算了水流深度和流速值，并获得了观测到的地表水剖面图。结果对比显示计算精度很高，因此计算出舱口上下移动的最大计算误差分别为 3.4% 和 2.9%。结果表明，二项式方程优于幂级数方程，因此二项式关系的最大计算误差值平均比幂级数方程高出 22%。

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引用次数: 0

Geochemical Characteristic of Spring Water in the Southern Part of Balashikha Urban District, Moscow Region 莫斯科州巴拉希哈城区南部泉水的地球化学特征

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700252

O. A. Lipatnikova, T. N. Lubkova, D. A. Yablonskaya, L. A. Dmitrieva

Abstract

The article presents seasonal observation data on the concentrations of principal ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, ({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }), Cl^–, ({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}), ({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }), ({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })) and dissolved microelements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, U, V, Zn) in water in 12 springs in the Balashikha urban district, Moscow Region. The water was found to be weakly acid–near-neutral (pH 5.3–7.0), with a TDS of 120–730 mg/L; in terms of microelement composition, it is sulfate–hydrocarbonate, chloride- and nitrate-sulfate, chloride and sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride, mostly calcium, magnesium- and sodium-calcium, rarer calcium-sodium. It is shown that the mean microelement concentrations are generally at the level typical of groundwater in the leaching zone with moderate climate and do not exceed the MACs (except for Fe and Mn in water of some springs). The data of spring sampling was used to characterize groundwater chemistry in different aquifers.

Abstract The article presents the seasonal observation data on the concentrations of principalions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, ({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }), Cl-, ({text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }}),({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })、({text{NO}}_{3}^{- }) 和溶解微量元素（Al、As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sb、Se、Sr、Ti、U、V、Zn）。水质呈弱酸性-近中性（pH 值为 5.3-7.0），TDS 为 120-730 mg/L；微量元素组成为硫酸盐-碳酸氢盐、氯化物-硫酸盐和硝酸盐、氯化物和硫酸盐-碳酸氢盐-氯化物，主要是钙、镁和钠-钙，钙-钠较少见。结果表明，微量元素的平均浓度一般处于气候温和的沥滤带地下水的典型水平，没有超过 MACs（某些泉水中的铁和锰除外）。泉水取样数据用于描述不同含水层的地下水化学特征。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorine Concentrations in the Lena R. Water from 1995 to 2021 1995 至 2021 年莱纳河水中的氟浓度

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700227

A. V. Savenko, V. S. Savenko, V. A. Efimov

Abstract

The method of direct potentiometry with a fluoride ion-selective electrode was used to determine the average concentrations—0.110 and 0.082 mg/L—of dissolved fluorine in the waters of the Lena River in 1995 and 2021 at the recession and peak of the spring-summer flood. Measurement results are compared with the data of studies in 1954–1980.

摘要采用氟离子选择电极直接电位法测定了 1995 年和 2021 年春夏洪水衰退期和高峰期勒拿河水体中溶解氟的平均浓度-0.110 和 0.082 mg/L。测量结果与 1954-1980 年的研究数据进行了比较。

引用次数: 0

Turbulent Viscosity and Flow Resistance in Tidal Estuaries 潮汐河口的湍流粘度和流动阻力

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823602224

A. M. Alabyan, E. D. Panchenko

Abstract

Field hydrometric studies at the estuaries of the White Sea basin yielded data on some hydrodynamic features of reverse tidal currents. Among the mouth areas of tidal rivers studied in 2015–2022, the most interesting results were obtained at the mesotidal Kyanda estuary, flowing into Onega Bay, and at the macrotidal Syomzha estuary, flowing into Mezen estuary. The essence of the method used in the field studies is synchronic measurements of water flow by acoustic Doppler profilers and water levels by autonomous barometric recorders in two cross-sections, located at different distances from the river mouth, during an entire semidiurnal tidal cycle. The results of these measurements were used to evaluate the terms of Saint-Venant equation of motion and the roughness coefficients. It was found that in the tidal rivers, the flow resistance varies considerably during a tidal cycle. In periods of quasi-steady water flow in both directions during flood and ebb, the values of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor are 0.04–0.07, as is typical for rivers with similar morphological channel pattern and characteristics. However, in several cases, in periods close to slack water, the friction factor took negative values. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is a negative turbulent viscosity, which manifests itself in some phases of the tidal cycle, when the energy of eddy formations can be transferred to the translational motion of the water mass.

摘要在白海盆地河口进行的实地水文研究获得了有关逆潮流水动力特征的数据。在 2015-2022 年研究的潮汐河流河口地区中，流入奥涅加湾的中潮汐京达河口和流入梅津河口的大潮汐叙姆扎河口获得了最有趣的结果。实地研究采用的方法主要是在整个半昼夜潮汐周期内，在距离河口不同距离的两个断面上，用声学多普勒剖面仪同步测量水流，用自主气压记录仪同步测量水位。这些测量结果用于评估圣-维南运动方程的项和粗糙度系数。结果发现，在潮汐河流中，水流阻力在一个潮汐周期内变化很大。在洪水期和退潮期的双向准稳定水流中，达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦因数的值为 0.04-0.07，这在具有类似形态河道模式和特征的河流中很典型。然而，在接近枯水期时，有几次摩擦因数为负值。这种现象的一个可能解释是负湍流粘度，在潮汐周期的某些阶段表现为负湍流粘度，此时涡流形成的能量可以转移到水体的平移运动上。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Evaluation of Geological Environmental Quality and Water Ecological Function in Zipingpu Reservoir Area of Chengdu City 成都市紫坪铺库区地质环境质量与水生态功能综合评价

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822602230

Yang Zuanyun, Wang Yuanjun, Yang Shaoping, Chen Chao, Long Yanfei

Abstract

Zipingpu Reservoir, located in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River Basin in the middle section of Longmen Mountain in western Sichuan, is a large-scale water control project mainly for irrigation and water supply, with comprehensive benefits such as power generation, flood control, environmental protection, tourism and so on. The area of the reservoir area is 18.16 square kilometers. In May 2021, the group has carried on the detailed survey sampling in the scope, including five parts, the surface water sediment sample 6, 3 pieces of rock samples, respectively, the water of heavy metal measurement and analysis of characteristics of phytoplankton community structure, sediment measurement of heavy metals, petrophysical parameters and microscopic thin section identification, etc. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, it is considered that the reservoir area has the conditions for the occurrence of structural earthquakes; And the lateral percolation of the water body in the reservoir area is not strong. The environmental quality of surface water in the reservoir area is good, which is much lower than the standard limits of surface water resources class I and centralized drinking water; the content of heavy metals in surface sediments is generally between the limit of grade I and grade II of soil environment (alkalinity); the element accumulation index of the sampling site is between −4.30–0.37, indicating that there is no pollution; In which the individual samples of Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb elements 0 < I_geo < 1, and the accumulation indexes of Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn are all less than zero; the dominance index of phytoplankton in the sampling area varies from 0.00 to 0.14, with more dominant species; the range of phytoplankton density at sampling sites is 4585.9 −321019.1 cells/L, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index is between 3.6874–4.1508, indicating that the water quality in the sampling area is relatively good, showing micro-pollution or non-pollution. It will be a hot topic to apply the methods of structural geology, environmental geology, ecological geology and so on to water environmental quality assessment.

摘要紫坪铺水库位于四川西部龙门山中段岷江流域上游，是一座以灌溉供水为主，兼有发电、防洪、环保、旅游等综合效益的大型水利枢纽工程。库区面积 18.16 平方公里。2021年5月，专家组在该范围内进行了详细的调查取样，包括5个部分，地表水沉积物样品6件，岩石样品3件，分别为水体重金属测定及浮游植物群落结构特征分析、沉积物重金属测定、岩石物理参数测定及显微薄片鉴定等。通过对地质构造、水文地质条件的定性定量分析，认为库区具备发生构造地震的条件；且库区水体侧向渗流不强。库区地表水环境质量良好，远低于地表水资源Ⅰ类和集中式饮用水标准限值；地表沉积物中重金属含量一般介于土壤环境（碱度）Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级限值之间；采样点元素积累指数在-4.30-0.37之间，表明无污染；其中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb元素单个样品0<Igeo<1，Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn的积累指数均小于0；采样区浮游植物优势度指数在0.00～0.14，优势种类较多；采样点浮游植物密度范围为 4585.9 -321019.1 cells/L，香农-维纳多样性指数在 3.6874-4.1508 之间，表明采样区水质较好，呈现微污染或无污染状态。将构造地质学、环境地质学、生态地质学等方法应用于水环境质量评价将是一个热点课题。

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引用次数: 0

Elemental Composition of the Algae Spirogyra (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta) from the Littoral Zone of Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖沿岸带藻类螺藻（藻纲，Zygnematophyceae）的元素组成

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823602248

N. N. Kulikova, E. P. Chebykin, E. A. Volkova, O. A. Timoshkin, A. N. Suturin

Abstract

ICP-MS method was used to study the elemental composition of benthic Baikal algae and algae of the genus Spirogyra, excessive growth of which was registered within the last decade in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal. The distribution of chemical elements in Spirogyra algae (Spirogyra “morphotype 1”) dominating stony littoral locations is as follows: Na ~ K ~ Ca ~ S ~ Ba > Mg ≥ P > Mn ≥ Cl) and Spirogyra spp. from tributary streams, shallow coves and bays with soft bottom grounds—Na > K ≥ Ca ~ S ~ P ~ Ba ≥ Mg, Cl > Mn. Spirogyra algae were characterized by higher content of Li, Na, Mn, Ba and atypical ratio of element concentrations: Na > P, Na ≥ K and Ca, Mn > Fe, Ba ~ Ca and S, Ba > Sr compared to benthic Baikal algae. Maximum total content (∑С) of all detectable elements, ∑С Na Mg P S Cl Ca Li Al Si Mn Zn Ba, ∑С Na Cl P Mn are typical Spirogyra “morphotype 1,” dominant on littoral areas located in the vicinity to sources of heaviest wastewater emissions. Overgrowths of other Spirogyra species, capable of accumulating larger amounts of Li, Na, Cl, Br than Spirogyra “morphotype 1” are also confined to such pollution sources.

摘要采用ICP-MS方法研究了贝加尔湖底栖藻类和螺藻属（Spirogyra）藻类的元素组成。在石质沿岸地区占主导地位的螺藻（螺藻 "形态 1"）中，化学元素的分布情况如下：Na ~ K ~ Ca ~ S ~ Ba > Mg ≥ P > Mn ≥ Cl）和来自支流、浅湾和软底海湾的螺藻属--Na > K ≥ Ca ~ S ~ P ~ Ba ≥ Mg, Cl > Mn。螺旋藻的特点是锂、Na、Mn、Ba 含量较高，元素浓度比例不典型：与贝加尔湖底栖藻类相比，螺旋藻的特点是锂元素、锰元素、钴元素含量较高，且元素浓度比例不典型：Na > P、Na ≥ K 和 Ca、Mn > Fe、Ba ~ Ca 和 S、Ba > Sr。所有可检测元素的最大总含量（∑С）、∑С Na Mg P S Cl Ca Li Al Si Mn Zn Ba、∑С Na Cl P Mn 是典型的螺旋藻 "形态 1 型"，主要分布在废水排放最严重的沿岸地区。与螺藻 "形态 1 型 "相比，能积累更多 Li、Na、Cl、Br 的其他螺藻物种的过度生长也局限于此类污染源。

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引用次数: 0

Space and Time Variations of Snow Cover in the Southern Forest-Steppe in the Upper Ob Basin 上奥布盆地南部森林草原积雪的时空变化

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700264

N. I. Bykov, D. V. Chernykh, D. K. Pershin, R. Yu. Biryukov, L. F. Lubenets, D. V. Zolotov

Abstract

The features of seasonal snow accumulation over a long period are analyzed. Trends were revealed in variations of snow cover characteristics since the mid-1960s, and its spatial distribution, depending on landscapes in the southern forest steppe of the upper Ob, was determined. Data of state hydrometeorological stations and the authors’ snow-measurement works in 2011–2019 were used.

摘要分析了长期季节性积雪的特征。研究揭示了自 20 世纪 60 年代中期以来积雪特征的变化趋势，并确定了积雪的空间分布，这取决于上奥布地区南部森林草原的地貌。研究使用了国家水文气象站的数据和作者在 2011-2019 年的积雪测量工作。

引用次数: 0

Chemical Characteristics of Snow Cover in the High-Latitude Arctic: Baranov Cape, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago 高纬度北极地区积雪的化学特征：塞维利亚泽姆利亚群岛布尔什维克岛巴拉诺夫角

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700367

O. V. Shevtsova, E. D. Dobrotina, A. B. Goncharova, A. P. Nedashkovsky

Abstract

For the first time, the specific features of snow cover chemistry were studied in the period of its accumulation on Bolshevik Island (the area near the research station Cape Baranov Ice Base). In winter 2018/2019, the specific electric conductance, density, titrated acidity, pH, ({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }), ({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }), ({text{NO}}_{2}^{ - }), ({text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}), and Si were measured in fresh and compacted snow and, additionally, Na⁺, К⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, and ({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}) were measured in compacted snow. Patterns of variations of fresh and compacted snow characteristics were identified, and the effect of marine and anthropogenic factors was discussed. Snow chemistry on Bolshevik Island was compared with the chemistry of precipitation and snow cover in other background areas of the Russian Federation.

摘要首次研究了布尔什维克岛（巴拉诺夫角冰雪基地研究站附近地区）积雪覆盖层化学的具体特征。在2018/2019年冬季，比电导、密度、滴定酸度、pH值、({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }),({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }),({text{NO}}_{2}^{ - })、此外，还测量了压实雪中的Na+、К+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-和({text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }}。确定了新雪和压实雪特征的变化模式，并讨论了海洋和人为因素的影响。将布尔什维克岛的积雪化学与俄罗斯联邦其他背景地区的降水和积雪化学进行了比较。

引用次数: 0

Study of the Characteristics of the Supraglacial Runoff of the Austre Grønfjordbreen, Spitsbergen 斯匹次卑尔根岛奥斯特格伦弗约尔布林冰川上径流特征研究

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700355

R. A. Chernov

Abstract

This article considers the characteristics of two systems of the supraglacial runoff of the polar glacier: a hydro-network of streams and a porous layer of melting crust. Field methods have revealed fundamental differences between these systems in the drainage area and the features of the meltwater movement and runoff regime. Calculation of the supraglacial runoff has shown its maximum level in the hydro-network during the peak of snowmelt in July, while the runoff in the melting crust becomes predominant in the second half of summer (in August).

摘要本文探讨了极地冰川上冰川径流的两个系统的特点：溪流水力网络和多孔的融壳层。实地方法揭示了这两种系统在排水区域和融水运动及径流机制特征方面的根本差异。对冰川上径流的计算表明，在七月份融雪高峰期，水力网络中的径流达到最大值，而在夏季后半期（八月份），融化地壳中的径流变得占主导地位。

引用次数: 0

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