Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807824700866
T. S. Papina, A. N. Eirikh, S. S. Eirikh
Abstract
The results of three-year (2020–2022) studies of stable isotopes (2H, 18O) in river water and atmospheric precipitation in the cold and warm seasons of the year were used to assess their contribution to river runoff in the lowland area of the Upper Ob. Despite the predominance of rain over snow precipitation (up to 2/3 of the annual amount), it was shown that snowmelt water contributes much to river runoff formation throughout the open-water period: from 42 to 61%, depending on the proportions of snow and rain that fell within a year.
{"title":"The Use of the Characteristics of Water Isotopic Composition for Assessing the Contribution of Winter and Summer Precipitation to the Upper Ob Runoff during the Open-Water Period","authors":"T. S. Papina, A. N. Eirikh, S. S. Eirikh","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700866","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of three-year (2020–2022) studies of stable isotopes (<sup>2</sup>H, <sup>18</sup>O) in river water and atmospheric precipitation in the cold and warm seasons of the year were used to assess their contribution to river runoff in the lowland area of the Upper Ob. Despite the predominance of rain over snow precipitation (up to 2/3 of the annual amount), it was shown that snowmelt water contributes much to river runoff formation throughout the open-water period: from 42 to 61%, depending on the proportions of snow and rain that fell within a year.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807824700908
N. N. Filatov, I. S. Trifonova, V. A. Rumyantsev
Abstract
This study is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences. The main results of studying Russian lakes in the Academy of Sciences over three centuries are presented. In the 18th century, the Academy of Sciences organized first “physical” expeditions for studying lakes, lake regions, as well as the Aral and Caspian seas. In 1916, a Commission for Studying Lake Baikal was set up at the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. After 1917, the studies of lakes expanded considerably because of the practical needs of the country’s development. In 1928, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences transformed the Baikal expedition into the Baikal Limnological Station. In 1944, the Laboratory of Limnology was created in Leningrad, and in 1971, the Institute of Limnology, of the USSR Academy of Sciences was created. In the 1970s–1980s, comprehensive studies of lakes and lake–river systems were carried out in the European part of the USSR along the design line of the redistribution of the water resources in the country. In 1970–1980, USSR Academy of Sciences participated in solving global problems of limnology—eutrophication, acidification, and pollution of lakes. In the late XX–early XXI centuries, special attention was paid to the assessment of the state and the development of forecasts of changes in the ecosystems of water bodies under various climatic and anthropogenic impacts. Monographs were published, generalizing the history of lakes studies in various parts of the country, and complex atlases of large lakes in Russia were compiled. The discovery of periglacial Lake Vostok in the Antarctic, and the obtained scientific results are outstanding scientific achievements in the late XX century. It is shown that lake studies by the Russian Academy of Sciences have contributed much to the basic science and to solving practical problems of the country’s economy, and are significant for the development of problems of continental hydrology.
{"title":"Achievements of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Studies of Lakes over Three Centuries (A Review)","authors":"N. N. Filatov, I. S. Trifonova, V. A. Rumyantsev","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700908","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences. The main results of studying Russian lakes in the Academy of Sciences over three centuries are presented. In the 18th century, the Academy of Sciences organized first “physical” expeditions for studying lakes, lake regions, as well as the Aral and Caspian seas. In 1916, a Commission for Studying Lake Baikal was set up at the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. After 1917, the studies of lakes expanded considerably because of the practical needs of the country’s development. In 1928, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences transformed the Baikal expedition into the Baikal Limnological Station. In 1944, the Laboratory of Limnology was created in Leningrad, and in 1971, the Institute of Limnology, of the USSR Academy of Sciences was created. In the 1970s–1980s, comprehensive studies of lakes and lake–river systems were carried out in the European part of the USSR along the design line of the redistribution of the water resources in the country. In 1970–1980, USSR Academy of Sciences participated in solving global problems of limnology—eutrophication, acidification, and pollution of lakes. In the late XX–early XXI centuries, special attention was paid to the assessment of the state and the development of forecasts of changes in the ecosystems of water bodies under various climatic and anthropogenic impacts. Monographs were published, generalizing the history of lakes studies in various parts of the country, and complex atlases of large lakes in Russia were compiled. The discovery of periglacial Lake Vostok in the Antarctic, and the obtained scientific results are outstanding scientific achievements in the late XX century. It is shown that lake studies by the Russian Academy of Sciences have contributed much to the basic science and to solving practical problems of the country’s economy, and are significant for the development of problems of continental hydrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823602509
Rangang Zhang, Shengfa Yang, Peng Zhang
Abstract
The characteristics of grain-size distribution on the surface of gravel bars have important implications for riverbed development and fish spawning. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to sample 204 sites on the surface of a gravel bar in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Photogrammetry was used to generate digital elevation model data for the bar. Based on the calculation results of a two-dimensional river hydrodynamic model, clear distribution maps of the flow and grain-size fields were obtained. In addition, the correlation between the hydrodynamic and grain-size indicators was discussed, and a relational equation between the Froude number and median grain size was derived. Finally, the effect of topographic changes on the grain-size distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the grain size at the head of the gravel bar was larger than that at the tail, influenced by the scouring of the flow; coarsening of the gravel at the edge of the bar bend was also evident. A positive correlation was found between ({{D}_{{50}}}), flow velocity, and the Froude number. The sorting coefficient, ({{S}_{0}}), exhibited a negative correlation with the flow velocity and Froude number. A positive correlation was found between grain size variability indicator ({{C}_{{v}}}) and topographic variability indicator ({{C}_{h}}). The variability in the grain-size distribution was the highest near areas with more drastic topographic variations. The bar surfaces exhibited a pattern of coarse-grained tops and fine-grained pools. The results of this study contribute to further understanding the geomorphology of gravel bars and may help investigate the spawning sites of organisms on the bar surface sensitive to bottom particle size.
{"title":"Response of Grain-Size Distribution Characteristics of a Gravel Bar to Topographic and Hydraulic Conditions: A Case Study from the Upper Yangtze River in China","authors":"Rangang Zhang, Shengfa Yang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823602509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823602509","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The characteristics of grain-size distribution on the surface of gravel bars have important implications for riverbed development and fish spawning. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to sample 204 sites on the surface of a gravel bar in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Photogrammetry was used to generate digital elevation model data for the bar. Based on the calculation results of a two-dimensional river hydrodynamic model, clear distribution maps of the flow and grain-size fields were obtained. In addition, the correlation between the hydrodynamic and grain-size indicators was discussed, and a relational equation between the Froude number and median grain size was derived. Finally, the effect of topographic changes on the grain-size distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the grain size at the head of the gravel bar was larger than that at the tail, influenced by the scouring of the flow; coarsening of the gravel at the edge of the bar bend was also evident. A positive correlation was found between <span>({{D}_{{50}}})</span>, flow velocity, and the Froude number. The sorting coefficient, <span>({{S}_{0}})</span>, exhibited a negative correlation with the flow velocity and Froude number. A positive correlation was found between grain size variability indicator <span>({{C}_{{v}}})</span> and topographic variability indicator <span>({{C}_{h}})</span>. The variability in the grain-size distribution was the highest near areas with more drastic topographic variations. The bar surfaces exhibited a pattern of coarse-grained tops and fine-grained pools. The results of this study contribute to further understanding the geomorphology of gravel bars and may help investigate the spawning sites of organisms on the bar surface sensitive to bottom particle size.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807824700878
O. A. Petrovskaya
Abstract
An overview of modern bed load measurement methods in rivers with fine alluvium is performed. Four groups of the methods are identified: measuring with bed load samplers, dune-tracking with a single-beam echo-sounder, dune-tracking with a multi-beam echo-sounder and measurement using acoustic Doppler current profilers. Strengths and weaknesses of each method are considered. Due to the fact that bed load transport occurs in the form of dunes the most promising methods seem to be based on the use of echo-sounders since they make it possible to take into account the integrity of bed forms directly.
{"title":"An Overview of Modern Methods of Bed Load Measurements in Rivers with Fine Alluvium","authors":"O. A. Petrovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700878","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An overview of modern bed load measurement methods in rivers with fine alluvium is performed. Four groups of the methods are identified: measuring with bed load samplers, dune-tracking with a single-beam echo-sounder, dune-tracking with a multi-beam echo-sounder and measurement using acoustic Doppler current profilers. Strengths and weaknesses of each method are considered. Due to the fact that bed load transport occurs in the form of dunes the most promising methods seem to be based on the use of echo-sounders since they make it possible to take into account the integrity of bed forms directly.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823600134
S. A. Sola, S. T. O. Naeeni, E. Khavasi, S. Faghihirad
Abstract
Dams are one of the most critical hydraulic structures worldwide. Sediment, entering the reservoirs of the dams with the water flow due to human interference in the dam catchment area, gradually destroys the functional storage through a deposition. Sedimentation threatens the sustainability of all reservoirs in the absence of adequate prevention and mitigation measures. Deposition of sediments in reservoirs can also affect the safe and proper operation of water intakes and bottom outlets belonging to the vital outlet structures. Turbidity currents are among the main impacts on dam reservoir sedimentation. One technique to decrease the impact of more sedimentation is to use bottom outlet gates that preserve the reservoir’s useable volume. This procedure may affect the quality of water exiting the dam. The present study experimentally investigated the venting of turbidity current of lock exchange with varying concentrations on the rigid bed, while there were two outlet gates with various levels and diameters at the same time. According to the available information, in the case of ({{Z0} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{Z0} H}} right. kern-0em} H} = 0.3), the average value of the concentrated input current was equal to the output concentration, which is the best level for the outlet gate installation based on the primary experimental conditios. The discharge efficiency is also higher when the inlet concentration is lower.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Venting of Lock Exchange Turbidity Current","authors":"S. A. Sola, S. T. O. Naeeni, E. Khavasi, S. Faghihirad","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823600134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823600134","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Dams are one of the most critical hydraulic structures worldwide. Sediment, entering the reservoirs of the dams with the water flow due to human interference in the dam catchment area, gradually destroys the functional storage through a deposition. Sedimentation threatens the sustainability of all reservoirs in the absence of adequate prevention and mitigation measures. Deposition of sediments in reservoirs can also affect the safe and proper operation of water intakes and bottom outlets belonging to the vital outlet structures. Turbidity currents are among the main impacts on dam reservoir sedimentation. One technique to decrease the impact of more sedimentation is to use bottom outlet gates that preserve the reservoir’s useable volume. This procedure may affect the quality of water exiting the dam. The present study experimentally investigated the venting of turbidity current of lock exchange with varying concentrations on the rigid bed, while there were two outlet gates with various levels and diameters at the same time. According to the available information, in the case of <span>({{Z0} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{Z0} H}} right. kern-0em} H} = 0.3)</span>, the average value of the concentrated input current was equal to the output concentration, which is the best level for the outlet gate installation based on the primary experimental conditios. The discharge efficiency is also higher when the inlet concentration is lower.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s009780782470088x
A. V. Puzanov, S. V. Baboshkina, T. A. Rozhdestvenskaya, S. N. Balykin, D. N. Balykin, A. V. Saltykov, I. A. Troshkova, S. Ya. Dvurechenskaya
Abstract
The concentration of major ions (({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }), Cl–, ({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in the water of tributaries of Lake Teletskoe (Northeastern Altai) was studied in 2016–2020. Seasonal variations were found in the ion composition of the water of lake tributaries and a relationship between this composition and the biogeochemical conditions in their drainage basins was established. The waters of eastern and western tributaries, which drain shores with different geological and landscape structure, differ in both the concentrations and proportions of the major ions. It is shown that most of the examined tributaries belong to the same hydrogeochemical facies and carry water of bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium type. Characteristics of ion runoff of three lake tributaries were calculated; chemical denudation in their drainage basins was evaluated.
{"title":"Long-Term Dynamics of Major Ion Concentrations in the Water of Lake Teletskoe Tributaries in the Context of Biogeochemical Conditions in Their Drainage Basins","authors":"A. V. Puzanov, S. V. Baboshkina, T. A. Rozhdestvenskaya, S. N. Balykin, D. N. Balykin, A. V. Saltykov, I. A. Troshkova, S. Ya. Dvurechenskaya","doi":"10.1134/s009780782470088x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s009780782470088x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The concentration of major ions (<span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>, Cl<sup>–</sup>, <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup>) in the water of tributaries of Lake Teletskoe (Northeastern Altai) was studied in 2016–2020. Seasonal variations were found in the ion composition of the water of lake tributaries and a relationship between this composition and the biogeochemical conditions in their drainage basins was established. The waters of eastern and western tributaries, which drain shores with different geological and landscape structure, differ in both the concentrations and proportions of the major ions. It is shown that most of the examined tributaries belong to the same hydrogeochemical facies and carry water of bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium type. Characteristics of ion runoff of three lake tributaries were calculated; chemical denudation in their drainage basins was evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807824700945
V. M. Shulkin
Abstract
The potential of using centrifugation in the separation of suspended forms from dissolved and colloidal forms in the chemical analysis of river waters is demonstrated in the case of rivers in the south of the Russian Far East. The concentrations of colloidal and suspended particles in nonfiltered water, as well as in centrifugates and filtrates, were characterized with the use of the method of dynamic light scattering (DLS). The comparison of DLS intensity in centrifugates and 0.45-µm filtrates was used to calculate the native density of pelitic and coarse colloidal particles of river suspension, which made it possible to correlate the centrifugation regimes with the size of settling particles within the range from 0.45 to 3 µm. Chemical analysis of supernatants of river water, obtained at different centrifugation regimes was used to evaluate the distribution of chemical elements between dissolved/colloidal (<0.45 µm), coarse-colloidal (0.45–1 µm), and pelite (1–3 µm) fractions. A significant linear relationship was found between the DLS intensity and the concentrations in centrifugates of Fe, Al, Ti, Th, Sc, REE, i.e., chemical elements with a high fraction of coarse colloidal and suspended forms, which confirms the possibility to assess the concentration of colloidal particles in centrifugates by the intensity of DLS. A disadvantage of centrifugation is that it is difficult to use in the field.
{"title":"The Use of Centrifugation for the Separation of Suspended and Colloidal Forms of Chemical Elements in the Analysis of River Waters: Possibilities and Limitations","authors":"V. M. Shulkin","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700945","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The potential of using centrifugation in the separation of suspended forms from dissolved and colloidal forms in the chemical analysis of river waters is demonstrated in the case of rivers in the south of the Russian Far East. The concentrations of colloidal and suspended particles in nonfiltered water, as well as in centrifugates and filtrates, were characterized with the use of the method of dynamic light scattering (DLS). The comparison of DLS intensity in centrifugates and 0.45-µm filtrates was used to calculate the native density of pelitic and coarse colloidal particles of river suspension, which made it possible to correlate the centrifugation regimes with the size of settling particles within the range from 0.45 to 3 µm. Chemical analysis of supernatants of river water, obtained at different centrifugation regimes was used to evaluate the distribution of chemical elements between dissolved/colloidal (<0.45 µm), coarse-colloidal (0.45–1 µm), and pelite (1–3 µm) fractions. A significant linear relationship was found between the DLS intensity and the concentrations in centrifugates of Fe, Al, Ti, Th, Sc, REE, i.e., chemical elements with a high fraction of coarse colloidal and suspended forms, which confirms the possibility to assess the concentration of colloidal particles in centrifugates by the intensity of DLS. A disadvantage of centrifugation is that it is difficult to use in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807824700891
N. Yu. Sidorenko, A. N. Bugaets, S. Yu. Lupakov, B. I. Gartsman, L. V. Gonchukov
Abstract
The study gives an estimate of the effect of four methods most often used in hydrological models to calculate the potential evapotranspiration—Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, Oudin, and Hargreaves, which differ in complexity and meteorological data requirements—on the efficiency and the results of simulating the dynamics of water balance components. The methodological base of the hydrological simulation was the widely known HBV conceptual model, in which the actual evapotranspiration is associated with the current state of a storage, which simulates the dynamics of soil moisture content. The objects of the study were 18 catchments with areas from 2.4 to 755 km2, located within the former Primorskaya Water-Balance station, the data of which were used in calculations of potential evapotranspiration and simulations of runoff. The comparison of simulation results with observations showed that the model values of evapotranspiration at the use of physically sound methods are in better agreement with the Budyko’s procedure of determination of potential evapotranspiration. The analysis of model sensitivity to the input potential evaportranspiration showed that the use of physically based methods to calculate the potential evapotranspiration has no general effect on the efficiency of runoff hydrograph simulation of the studied objects. At the same time, in the case when empirical models of evapotranspiration are used, the uncertainty in the results of calculation of potential evapotranspiration should be compensated for by model parameters that are less physically substantiated, which, in turn, can lead to distortion of the dynamics of water balance components and runoff genetic components.
{"title":"Impact Assessment of the Potential Evapotranspiration Method on Results of Hydrological Modeling","authors":"N. Yu. Sidorenko, A. N. Bugaets, S. Yu. Lupakov, B. I. Gartsman, L. V. Gonchukov","doi":"10.1134/s0097807824700891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824700891","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study gives an estimate of the effect of four methods most often used in hydrological models to calculate the potential evapotranspiration—Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, Oudin, and Hargreaves, which differ in complexity and meteorological data requirements—on the efficiency and the results of simulating the dynamics of water balance components. The methodological base of the hydrological simulation was the widely known HBV conceptual model, in which the actual evapotranspiration is associated with the current state of a storage, which simulates the dynamics of soil moisture content. The objects of the study were 18 catchments with areas from 2.4 to 755 km<sup>2</sup>, located within the former Primorskaya Water-Balance station, the data of which were used in calculations of potential evapotranspiration and simulations of runoff. The comparison of simulation results with observations showed that the model values of evapotranspiration at the use of physically sound methods are in better agreement with the Budyko’s procedure of determination of potential evapotranspiration. The analysis of model sensitivity to the input potential evaportranspiration showed that the use of physically based methods to calculate the potential evapotranspiration has no general effect on the efficiency of runoff hydrograph simulation of the studied objects. At the same time, in the case when empirical models of evapotranspiration are used, the uncertainty in the results of calculation of potential evapotranspiration should be compensated for by model parameters that are less physically substantiated, which, in turn, can lead to distortion of the dynamics of water balance components and runoff genetic components.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823600614
I. Kubendiran, M. Ramaiah
Abstract
Occurrence of natural disaster can never be prevented, and floods are one among the major natural disaster that affects the human life and economy of the country. Considering the global loss due to floods, various government and non-governmental organisations are focusing on minimising the losses and provide emergency measures during floods. Adopting the recent technologies integrating various datasets will assist in providing response strategies before and after disaster. Flood are mostly based on the climatic conditions and environmental factors and the present review focuses on the reviewing the various remote sensing methodologies that are used in mapping and analysing floods. The review carried out examines various remote sensing methodologies adopting multispectral, light detection and ranging and radar datasets for mapping and predicting floods. The review identified the limitations in flood prediction, risk assessment and hazard analysis and suggests a framework that can be adopted for effective mapping of flood extent and in suggesting the regions that the rescue team should focus during a disaster event.
{"title":"Modeling, Mapping and Analysis of Floods Using Optical, Lidar and SAR Datasets—a Review","authors":"I. Kubendiran, M. Ramaiah","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823600614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823600614","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Occurrence of natural disaster can never be prevented, and floods are one among the major natural disaster that affects the human life and economy of the country. Considering the global loss due to floods, various government and non-governmental organisations are focusing on minimising the losses and provide emergency measures during floods. Adopting the recent technologies integrating various datasets will assist in providing response strategies before and after disaster. Flood are mostly based on the climatic conditions and environmental factors and the present review focuses on the reviewing the various remote sensing methodologies that are used in mapping and analysing floods. The review carried out examines various remote sensing methodologies adopting multispectral, light detection and ranging and radar datasets for mapping and predicting floods. The review identified the limitations in flood prediction, risk assessment and hazard analysis and suggests a framework that can be adopted for effective mapping of flood extent and in suggesting the regions that the rescue team should focus during a disaster event.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823601310
Nabina Khanam, Sushant Kumar Biswal
Abstract
River confluences are the key elements within fluvial systems, where three-dimensional flow fields and sedimentation patterns can have a substantial effect on the hydraulics, bed morphology of stream courses, and environments. The present study is configured to realize the alterations in bedload transportation and in bedform at confluence channel in relation to particular hydrological occurrences. It is anticipated that the patterns of the flow attributes following the confluence to be different from those in the conditions reported in other publication. Therefore, this article concisely reports the various flow aspects, examines the corresponding river bed patterns, and provides a brief description of the different flow properties. On the basis of field findings in response to fluctuation in the flow of contributory tributaries, the recorded morphological and sedimentological changes are explained. To accomplish this, bedload transport, bed surveys, and particle size distribution measurements were carried out at the study site during different hydrological seasons at intervals of two months from January 2018 to March 2019. The three major goals of this work were to comprehend the symmetry between two confluence channels, estimate bedload transport, and investigate the consequences of net fluvial behavior on bedform dynamics. The short-term impacts of stream flow irregularity on channel morphology and particle structures were discovered by repeated transect studies and bed material sampling at a small asymmetrical river junction. Results show that the confluence involves the shifting in the scour region, frequent erosion and deposition of sediments, and bar development at the downstream confluence as flow rate fluctuates following the hydrological changeability in the confluence channels. The average bedload at the confluence appears to be irregular in favor of the tributary, since two-thirds of the total bedload was carried across the shallow zone of the cross-section. A high speed digital camera was used to detect sand ripples, and video technique was utilized to obtain statistics on the presence of ripple geometries. Asymmetric two-dimensional ripples were observed in relatively calm weather conditions and in moderate winds. It was discovered that ripples generated by the two-dimensional flow were supplanted by flatbed circumstances and the normal two-dimensional wash-out ripples after the medium wind periods, demonstrating that the presence of a combined flow increases the induced bed shear stress.
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