Archiving HIV in its long half-life target cells is responsible for building what are called its reservoirs. The quantification of total HIV DNA in blood mononuclear cells, which probably represents only an approximation of all anatomical and cellular reservoirs, has, however, been the subject of numerous studies which showed strong correlations with other methods of quantification of reservoirs, with the natural history of the infection, its virological, immunological and clinical evolution under treatment, as well as its predictive value of the success of specific strategies (i.e. therapeutic de-escalation or interruption). This technique is easily accessible routinely and, although there are still no quantitative thresholds validated for decision-making, it may be useful to use it to clarify certain clinical or virological situations or to reinforce specific therapeutic choices (especially during therapeutic de-escalation).
{"title":"Clinical and therapeutic implications of quantifying HIV reservoirs.","authors":"L. Hocqueloux, J. Viard","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0785","url":null,"abstract":"Archiving HIV in its long half-life target cells is responsible for building what are called its reservoirs. The quantification of total HIV DNA in blood mononuclear cells, which probably represents only an approximation of all anatomical and cellular reservoirs, has, however, been the subject of numerous studies which showed strong correlations with other methods of quantification of reservoirs, with the natural history of the infection, its virological, immunological and clinical evolution under treatment, as well as its predictive value of the success of specific strategies (i.e. therapeutic de-escalation or interruption). This technique is easily accessible routinely and, although there are still no quantitative thresholds validated for decision-making, it may be useful to use it to clarify certain clinical or virological situations or to reinforce specific therapeutic choices (especially during therapeutic de-escalation).","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"72 1","pages":"241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75931117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even today, despite triple therapy, the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem. In this perspective, continuous research is essential for the development of curative and vaccinal approaches. Animal models contribute to the implementation of new therapeutic and preventive strategies. We present here the characteristics of major animal models of HIV, which are non-human primates (SIV or SHIV-infected macaques and natural hosts of SIV), as well as different humanized mouse models and their advances. We will also list how they have already allowed, and still allow today, to broaden our knowledge on the physiopathology of HIV infection, tissue distribution of the virus, viral reservoirs, immunological responses against the virus in the very early infection stages and at the tissue level, but also in the development of vaccine candidates (RhCMV, broad-spectrum antibodies, etc…) and clinical trials for a cure. The advantages and limitations of the different animal models will be described. While continuing research on alternative methods, refinement or reduction of the animal model, a good knowledge of the specificities of each animal model allows an adequate use in relation to the scientific questions addressed.
{"title":"Contribution of animal models to HIV research.","authors":"N. Huot, P. Rascle, M. Müller-Trutwin","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0783","url":null,"abstract":"Even today, despite triple therapy, the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem. In this perspective, continuous research is essential for the development of curative and vaccinal approaches. Animal models contribute to the implementation of new therapeutic and preventive strategies. We present here the characteristics of major animal models of HIV, which are non-human primates (SIV or SHIV-infected macaques and natural hosts of SIV), as well as different humanized mouse models and their advances. We will also list how they have already allowed, and still allow today, to broaden our knowledge on the physiopathology of HIV infection, tissue distribution of the virus, viral reservoirs, immunological responses against the virus in the very early infection stages and at the tissue level, but also in the development of vaccine candidates (RhCMV, broad-spectrum antibodies, etc…) and clinical trials for a cure. The advantages and limitations of the different animal models will be described. While continuing research on alternative methods, refinement or reduction of the animal model, a good knowledge of the specificities of each animal model allows an adequate use in relation to the scientific questions addressed.","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"41 1","pages":"229-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88028221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic virology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0774","url":null,"abstract":"(P113 et P126 : Résumés non présentés.)","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"9 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure-function and morphogenesis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0764","url":null,"abstract":"(P49 : Résumé non présenté.)","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"42 1","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78541397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology and environment (1).","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0768","url":null,"abstract":"(P62 et P70 : Résumés annulés par les auteurs.)","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"88-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83190563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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