Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2179927
S. R. Pokhrel, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kasun Hewage, R. Sadiq
ABSTRACT Drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater are three components of an Urban Water System. Maintenance of these components requires evaluation of the existing performance of the water system. The evaluation becomes more significant in small and medium-sized water systems because these systems wrestle with various constraints, such as insufficient funds, inadequate infrastructure and water governance. In this study, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are identified for each UWS component considering six performance criteria. A questionnaire was distributed to water utilities across the Okanagan Valley. KPIs were identified by combining Delphi technique and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation methods. Ninety-six KPIs were identified with 39, 30, and 27 KPIs for drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater. Based on the available literature, agriculture water use, low impact development implementation (LID), average annual life cycle investment, and swimming advisories are a few notable KPIs that are unique to the Valley.
{"title":"Key performance indicators for small and medium-sized urban water systems in a semi-arid region: a case study of Okanagan Valley, Canada","authors":"S. R. Pokhrel, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kasun Hewage, R. Sadiq","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2179927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2179927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater are three components of an Urban Water System. Maintenance of these components requires evaluation of the existing performance of the water system. The evaluation becomes more significant in small and medium-sized water systems because these systems wrestle with various constraints, such as insufficient funds, inadequate infrastructure and water governance. In this study, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are identified for each UWS component considering six performance criteria. A questionnaire was distributed to water utilities across the Okanagan Valley. KPIs were identified by combining Delphi technique and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation methods. Ninety-six KPIs were identified with 39, 30, and 27 KPIs for drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater. Based on the available literature, agriculture water use, low impact development implementation (LID), average annual life cycle investment, and swimming advisories are a few notable KPIs that are unique to the Valley.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"435 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180393
Ahmed A. Abokifa, L. Sela
ABSTRACT Pipe failures in water distribution infrastructure (WDI) have significant economic, environmental and public health impacts. To alleviate these impacts, repair and replacement decisions need to be prioritized to effectively reduce failure rates. In this study, a computational framework is proposed for WDI asset management that couples spatial clustering analysis with predictive modeling of pipe failures. First, hotspot/coldspot clusters of statistically significant high/low failure rates are identified using local indicators of spatial association. Second, the predictive abilities of eight statistical learning techniques are systematically tested, and the best-performing method is implemented to forecast failure rates,(breaks/(km.year)) within different sectors of the WDI. Third, the framework is implemented to compare the impact of adopting proactive instead of reactive pipe replacement strategies. Applying the framework to a real-life, large-scale WDI revealed that spatial clustering of pipe failures improves the accuracy of the prediction models.
{"title":"Integrating spatial clustering with predictive modeling of pipe failures in water distribution systems","authors":"Ahmed A. Abokifa, L. Sela","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pipe failures in water distribution infrastructure (WDI) have significant economic, environmental and public health impacts. To alleviate these impacts, repair and replacement decisions need to be prioritized to effectively reduce failure rates. In this study, a computational framework is proposed for WDI asset management that couples spatial clustering analysis with predictive modeling of pipe failures. First, hotspot/coldspot clusters of statistically significant high/low failure rates are identified using local indicators of spatial association. Second, the predictive abilities of eight statistical learning techniques are systematically tested, and the best-performing method is implemented to forecast failure rates,(breaks/(km.year)) within different sectors of the WDI. Third, the framework is implemented to compare the impact of adopting proactive instead of reactive pipe replacement strategies. Applying the framework to a real-life, large-scale WDI revealed that spatial clustering of pipe failures improves the accuracy of the prediction models.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"465 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180394
Zhangjie Peng, J. Edmondson, R. Stirling, Daniel Green, R. Dawson, S. De-Ville, V. Stovin
ABSTRACT Growing media in green infrastructure (GI) designed for stormwater management plays a critical role in providing hydrological benefits. However, sediment deposition by urban stormwater can cause clogging and reduce the infiltration capacity. This study introduces a new approach to characterise the impact of clogging of GI that uses fluorescent tracer particles. Results are compared for two contrasting growing media: Grey to Green Substrate (G2G) and Marie Curie Substrate (MCS). Results showed that most sediment particles were retained on the surface of both growing media, and surface clogging in G2G caused a decrease in infiltration capacity. Sediment vertical movement was observed in both growing media, but particles travelled deeper in MCS. Vertical sediment movement is influenced by the growing media’s pore size distribution, and a high clogging risk is expected in growing media with a pore size distribution that is close to the particle size distribution of the incoming sediment particles.
{"title":"Visualisation of clogging in green infrastructure growing media","authors":"Zhangjie Peng, J. Edmondson, R. Stirling, Daniel Green, R. Dawson, S. De-Ville, V. Stovin","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2180394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Growing media in green infrastructure (GI) designed for stormwater management plays a critical role in providing hydrological benefits. However, sediment deposition by urban stormwater can cause clogging and reduce the infiltration capacity. This study introduces a new approach to characterise the impact of clogging of GI that uses fluorescent tracer particles. Results are compared for two contrasting growing media: Grey to Green Substrate (G2G) and Marie Curie Substrate (MCS). Results showed that most sediment particles were retained on the surface of both growing media, and surface clogging in G2G caused a decrease in infiltration capacity. Sediment vertical movement was observed in both growing media, but particles travelled deeper in MCS. Vertical sediment movement is influenced by the growing media’s pore size distribution, and a high clogging risk is expected in growing media with a pore size distribution that is close to the particle size distribution of the incoming sediment particles.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"477 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169170
Justyna Stańczyk, E. Burszta-Adamiak, J. Kajewska-Szkudlarek, Ryszard Kurkiewicz, Andrzej Przerwa
ABSTRACT Uncontrolled wastewater discharges have social and environmental consequences and generate increased operational costs. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are vulnerable infrastructure and require the implementation of risk and safety analyses in the context of climate change and flooding. Therefore, making decisions in changing weather conditions is one of the most important but also most difficult tasks for operators to maintain proper management of wastewater infrastructure facilities. The aim of the research was to develop a decision-making tool based on soft sensor methods to allow inflows to be classified into two classes of WTTP operating conditions. The quality of the regression models was maintained at 90.0%, while the classifier based on the coarse decision tree had a testing accuracy of 92.4%. The results can contribute to a reduction in wastewater load, which is significant in the context of ongoing climate change, and to an improvement in WWTP operation through automation.
{"title":"Intelligent sewage discharge control in a wastewater treatment plant during rainfall periods","authors":"Justyna Stańczyk, E. Burszta-Adamiak, J. Kajewska-Szkudlarek, Ryszard Kurkiewicz, Andrzej Przerwa","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Uncontrolled wastewater discharges have social and environmental consequences and generate increased operational costs. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are vulnerable infrastructure and require the implementation of risk and safety analyses in the context of climate change and flooding. Therefore, making decisions in changing weather conditions is one of the most important but also most difficult tasks for operators to maintain proper management of wastewater infrastructure facilities. The aim of the research was to develop a decision-making tool based on soft sensor methods to allow inflows to be classified into two classes of WTTP operating conditions. The quality of the regression models was maintained at 90.0%, while the classifier based on the coarse decision tree had a testing accuracy of 92.4%. The results can contribute to a reduction in wastewater load, which is significant in the context of ongoing climate change, and to an improvement in WWTP operation through automation.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"380 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169169
S. Kabiri, M. Meratizaman, A. Godarzi, S. M. Mirbabashahisaraei
ABSTRACT Increasing the level of comfort and development and locating in an dry and desert areas has led to decrease in renewable sources of drinking water in eastern Iran Specially in Sistan and Balochestan. Access to drinking water in this area is difficult and its price is high (4 US$ per cubic meter). In this article, two scenarios have been investigated in order to supply sustainable drinking water. (1) Usage of available brackish water resources through brackish water Reverse Osmosis desalination system and (2) Usage of Oman Sea water resources through Sea water Reverse Osmosis desalination system and fresh water transfer by pipeline. Results show that the average prime cost of drinking water is (0.94 US$) and (2.58 US$) per cubic meter in the first and second scenarios, respectively. Also, the average period of return in the first scenario is (3.3 Year) and in the second scenario is (9.59 Year). More investigations show that the sea water desalination units construction and pipeline transmission is economicaly feasible up to 300 Km from the coastline.
{"title":"Techno-economic and environmental analysis of sustainable drinking water supply methods in deprived areas (case study of Sistan and Baluchestan)","authors":"S. Kabiri, M. Meratizaman, A. Godarzi, S. M. Mirbabashahisaraei","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increasing the level of comfort and development and locating in an dry and desert areas has led to decrease in renewable sources of drinking water in eastern Iran Specially in Sistan and Balochestan. Access to drinking water in this area is difficult and its price is high (4 US$ per cubic meter). In this article, two scenarios have been investigated in order to supply sustainable drinking water. (1) Usage of available brackish water resources through brackish water Reverse Osmosis desalination system and (2) Usage of Oman Sea water resources through Sea water Reverse Osmosis desalination system and fresh water transfer by pipeline. Results show that the average prime cost of drinking water is (0.94 US$) and (2.58 US$) per cubic meter in the first and second scenarios, respectively. Also, the average period of return in the first scenario is (3.3 Year) and in the second scenario is (9.59 Year). More investigations show that the sea water desalination units construction and pipeline transmission is economicaly feasible up to 300 Km from the coastline.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"405 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44040384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2174032
D. Nikolopoulos, C. Makropoulos
ABSTRACT Water distribution networks (WDNs) employ contamination warning systems (CWS) with water quality sensors to detect water contamination. If some of these sensors are compromised during a contamination event, the consequences regarding public health can be devastating. With the emerging threat of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure, WDNs are at risk of cyber-physical attacks that can deliberately contaminate water and concurrently mask the event by cyber-attacking sensors in the CWS. We develop a novel optimization strategy for the placement of water quality sensors that maximizes resilience under cyber-physical attack scenarios, suitable for designing a new sensor layout or upgrading an existing one. The resilient strategy is tested on multiple WDNs, focused on the upgrade problem. Results show improvement in the expected CWS detection performance under cyber-physical attacks, while the performance trade-off under nominal operation is minimal compared to classic strategies, hinting at a good design solution for cyber-wise water utilities.
{"title":"A novel cyber-physical resilience-based strategy for water quality sensor placement in water distribution networks","authors":"D. Nikolopoulos, C. Makropoulos","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2174032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2174032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water distribution networks (WDNs) employ contamination warning systems (CWS) with water quality sensors to detect water contamination. If some of these sensors are compromised during a contamination event, the consequences regarding public health can be devastating. With the emerging threat of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure, WDNs are at risk of cyber-physical attacks that can deliberately contaminate water and concurrently mask the event by cyber-attacking sensors in the CWS. We develop a novel optimization strategy for the placement of water quality sensors that maximizes resilience under cyber-physical attack scenarios, suitable for designing a new sensor layout or upgrading an existing one. The resilient strategy is tested on multiple WDNs, focused on the upgrade problem. Results show improvement in the expected CWS detection performance under cyber-physical attacks, while the performance trade-off under nominal operation is minimal compared to classic strategies, hinting at a good design solution for cyber-wise water utilities.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"278 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169171
M. Uddin, Tapos Kormoker, M. Siddique, M. Billah, M. Rokonuzzaman, Abdullah Al Ragib, Ram Proshad, M. Y. Hossain, Md. Kamrul Haque, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris
ABSTRACT In Dhaka megacity (Bangladesh), lakes located in the most exclusive areas are considered crucial urban water bodies. However, these water sources are confronting a heavy load of organic and inorganic pollutants by anthropogenic activities and are being polluted continuously. In this review , 50 relevant published documents on the lake water of Dhaka megacity to highlight the overall water quality status and the potential ecological and human health risks associated with contaminations were studied. The retrieved documents were organized according to the relevant information and examined thoroughly. After a careful review, it was found that most of the lake water in Dhaka city is severely contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Mn with a higher concentration of Pb and Cd than the guideline values for drinking and industrial uses. The physicochemical properties and microbial contamination with an elevated level of fecal coliforms in lake water indicate very poor water quality in all lakes. The EC and TDS in most of the lake water exceeded the standard limits with the highest EC value (4920 µS/cm) for Gulshan Lake. The indices-based water quality assessment revealed considerable heavy metal contamination in the lake’s water. Few lakes are found at a minimal level of ecological risks. The assessments of health risk indicate lower non-cancer risk. Overall, it can be inferred that the lake water in the Dhaka megacity does not meet the requirements for domestic, drinking, fishing, and industrial uses. This review study will be helpful for the policymakers and environmentalists to know about the status and sources of pollution in the lake water in the megacity which in turn assist to take necessary actions to mitigate the pollution level from the studied lakes of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.
{"title":"An overview on water quality, pollution sources, and associated ecological and human health concerns of the lake water of megacity: a case study on Dhaka city lakes in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Uddin, Tapos Kormoker, M. Siddique, M. Billah, M. Rokonuzzaman, Abdullah Al Ragib, Ram Proshad, M. Y. Hossain, Md. Kamrul Haque, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Dhaka megacity (Bangladesh), lakes located in the most exclusive areas are considered crucial urban water bodies. However, these water sources are confronting a heavy load of organic and inorganic pollutants by anthropogenic activities and are being polluted continuously. In this review , 50 relevant published documents on the lake water of Dhaka megacity to highlight the overall water quality status and the potential ecological and human health risks associated with contaminations were studied. The retrieved documents were organized according to the relevant information and examined thoroughly. After a careful review, it was found that most of the lake water in Dhaka city is severely contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Mn with a higher concentration of Pb and Cd than the guideline values for drinking and industrial uses. The physicochemical properties and microbial contamination with an elevated level of fecal coliforms in lake water indicate very poor water quality in all lakes. The EC and TDS in most of the lake water exceeded the standard limits with the highest EC value (4920 µS/cm) for Gulshan Lake. The indices-based water quality assessment revealed considerable heavy metal contamination in the lake’s water. Few lakes are found at a minimal level of ecological risks. The assessments of health risk indicate lower non-cancer risk. Overall, it can be inferred that the lake water in the Dhaka megacity does not meet the requirements for domestic, drinking, fishing, and industrial uses. This review study will be helpful for the policymakers and environmentalists to know about the status and sources of pollution in the lake water in the megacity which in turn assist to take necessary actions to mitigate the pollution level from the studied lakes of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"261 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49133664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164732
Pooja Choudhary, B. Botre, S. A. Akbar
ABSTRACT Water is one of the essential natural resources for survival, but the water transportation system faces significant challenges because of huge water loss due to leaky pipeline systems. An IoT based novel SWG prototype has been developed and reported in this work. The SWG comprises sensors and devices that can continuously and remotely monitor the pressure, temperature, flow, pH, turbidity, etc., of the water being transported. Moreover, a novel 1-D CNN model has been developed by creating an artificial leak on the pipeline that takes input data points as a chunk of 5-minute time series to the network and gives output in leak detection, location and size estimation simultaneously. Further, the developed model is compared with other state of the art machine learning techniques and the proposed model is found better in terms of accuracy which is 94.32%, 91.91% and 89.85% for leak detection, size estimation and location respectively.
{"title":"1-D convolution neural network based leak detection, location and size estimation in smart water grid","authors":"Pooja Choudhary, B. Botre, S. A. Akbar","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164732","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water is one of the essential natural resources for survival, but the water transportation system faces significant challenges because of huge water loss due to leaky pipeline systems. An IoT based novel SWG prototype has been developed and reported in this work. The SWG comprises sensors and devices that can continuously and remotely monitor the pressure, temperature, flow, pH, turbidity, etc., of the water being transported. Moreover, a novel 1-D CNN model has been developed by creating an artificial leak on the pipeline that takes input data points as a chunk of 5-minute time series to the network and gives output in leak detection, location and size estimation simultaneously. Further, the developed model is compared with other state of the art machine learning techniques and the proposed model is found better in terms of accuracy which is 94.32%, 91.91% and 89.85% for leak detection, size estimation and location respectively.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"341 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169168
F. Bukari
ABSTRACT The study sought to examine the willingness of rural and peri-urban communities in northern Ghana to pay for urban water services extended to them, without differentiated tariff determination to suit their socio-economic status as low-income households. Using a contingent valuation method and statistical simulation models, results showed that price per unit of water, income levels and service quality were significantly related to willingness to pay. However, despite stakeholder activities to improve water tariff payment, the process does not consider the views of the local people. Also peri-urban and rural communities connected to urban water systems owed more tariff arrears due to poverty, which negatively impacts on access to water. Alternative approaches such as tariff differentiation and extension of participatory interventions for poverty reduction schemes have been recommended.
{"title":"Contingent valuation of willingness to pay for urban water extended to non-urban northern Ghana","authors":"F. Bukari","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2023.2169168","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study sought to examine the willingness of rural and peri-urban communities in northern Ghana to pay for urban water services extended to them, without differentiated tariff determination to suit their socio-economic status as low-income households. Using a contingent valuation method and statistical simulation models, results showed that price per unit of water, income levels and service quality were significantly related to willingness to pay. However, despite stakeholder activities to improve water tariff payment, the process does not consider the views of the local people. Also peri-urban and rural communities connected to urban water systems owed more tariff arrears due to poverty, which negatively impacts on access to water. Alternative approaches such as tariff differentiation and extension of participatory interventions for poverty reduction schemes have been recommended.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"366 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164733
B. Shah, M. S. Bhat, A. Alam, Hilal Ahmad Sheikh, Noureen Ali
ABSTRACT Srinagar city experienced significant expansion especially during the last four decades, which has negatively impacted its aquatic resources and their functioning. The present study aims to assess the impact of the urban growth on the natural drainage network of the Srinagar city from 1971 to 2020. The changes in the morphometry of natural drainage and urban morphology were quantified through the selected indicators. Four sample sites were selected from the study area for detailed ground validation of the quantified changes. Our results reveal that there has been almost a fourfold increase in the built-up area, taking place in all the directions, primarily in the form of edge expansion that has largely encroahed the urban streams. The findings further indicate that on the whole drainage system of the city has lost almost 15% of its total capacity. The effects of increasing built-up warrant immediate attention to initiate conservation measures for the natural drainage network of the city.
{"title":"Impact of urban growth on the natural drainage network of the Srinagar city","authors":"B. Shah, M. S. Bhat, A. Alam, Hilal Ahmad Sheikh, Noureen Ali","doi":"10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2164733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Srinagar city experienced significant expansion especially during the last four decades, which has negatively impacted its aquatic resources and their functioning. The present study aims to assess the impact of the urban growth on the natural drainage network of the Srinagar city from 1971 to 2020. The changes in the morphometry of natural drainage and urban morphology were quantified through the selected indicators. Four sample sites were selected from the study area for detailed ground validation of the quantified changes. Our results reveal that there has been almost a fourfold increase in the built-up area, taking place in all the directions, primarily in the form of edge expansion that has largely encroahed the urban streams. The findings further indicate that on the whole drainage system of the city has lost almost 15% of its total capacity. The effects of increasing built-up warrant immediate attention to initiate conservation measures for the natural drainage network of the city.","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"352 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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