An arterial gas embolism (AGE) is a potentially fatal complication of scuba diving that is related to insufficient exhalation during ascent. During breath-hold diving, an arterial gas embolism is unlikely because the volume of gas in the lungs generally cannot exceed the volume at the beginning of the dive. However, if a diver breathes from a gas source at any time during the dive, they are at risk for an AGE or other pulmonary overinflation syndromes (POIS). In this case report, a breath-hold diver suffered a suspected AGE due to rapidly ascending without exhalation following breathing from an air pocket at a depth of approximately 40 feet.
{"title":"Arterial gas embolism in a breath-hold diver","authors":"Ryan A Gall, R. Rahimi","doi":"10.22462/01.01.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/01.01.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"An arterial gas embolism (AGE) is a potentially fatal complication of scuba diving that is related to insufficient exhalation during ascent. During breath-hold diving, an arterial gas embolism is unlikely because the volume of gas in the lungs generally cannot exceed the volume at the beginning of the dive. However, if a diver breathes from a gas source at any time during the dive, they are at risk for an AGE or other pulmonary overinflation syndromes (POIS). In this case report, a breath-hold diver suffered a suspected AGE due to rapidly ascending without exhalation following breathing from an air pocket at a depth of approximately 40 feet.","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Krimus, H. Syed, Anton Marinov, Hance Clarke, R. Katznelson
Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory dysfunction characterized by distortion of odor perception. Traditional treatments for parosmia include olfactory training and steroids. Some patients infected with COVID-19 have developed chronic parosmia as a result of their infection. Here we present the case of a patient who developed parosmia after a COVID-19 infection that was not improved by traditional treatments but found significant improvement after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of COVID-19-related parosmia: a case report","authors":"L. Krimus, H. Syed, Anton Marinov, Hance Clarke, R. Katznelson","doi":"10.22462/01.01.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/01.01.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory dysfunction characterized by distortion of odor perception. Traditional treatments for parosmia include olfactory training and steroids. Some patients infected with COVID-19 have developed chronic parosmia as a result of their infection. Here we present the case of a patient who developed parosmia after a COVID-19 infection that was not improved by traditional treatments but found significant improvement after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85521490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To investigate therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in an experimental rat model of Acute Lung Injury (ALI). Methods: 40 Male Sprague-Dawlay rats were randomly divided into sham, LPS, LPS + HBO, LPS + HRS and LPS + HBO + HRS groups. ALI was induced by an intratracheal injection of LPS, then the rats were respectively given single agent treatment of HBO or HRS or HBO + HRS treatment. The treatments were continued for 3 days in such experimental rat model of ALI. At the end of experiment, the lung pathological , inflammatory factors , and cell apoptosis in the pulmonary tissue were detected by Tunel method and cell apoptosis rate was calculated accordingly. Results: In the groups treated with HBO + HRS, pulmonary pathological data, wet-dry weight ratio and inflammatory factors of pulmonary tissues and aveolar lavage fluid were signficantly superiror to those of the sham group(P<0.05). Cell apoptosis detection revealed that no matter single agent treatment of HRS or HBO, or combination treatment , could all alleviate cell apoptosis, and HRS combined with HBO treatment was obviously superior to single treatment(P<0.05). Conclusions: HRS or HBO single treatment could decrease inflammatory cytokines release in lung tissue, reduce accumulation of oxidative products and alleviate apoptosis of pulmoanry cells, then lead to positive therapeutic effects on ALI induced by LPS. Furthermore, HBO combined with HRS treatment presented a synergy effect on cell apoptosis decrease, and a declined trend in inflammatory cytokines release and related inflammatory products generation, compared with single treatment.
{"title":"Jin","authors":"Yintao Chang, Qianyu Han, Xiaochen Bao, Mingdong Wang, Yuxiang Jin, Siang Zhang, Xuewei Zhao, Yiqun Fang, Lei Xue","doi":"10.22462/01.00.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/01.00.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To investigate therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in an experimental rat model of Acute Lung Injury (ALI). Methods: 40 Male Sprague-Dawlay rats were randomly divided into sham, LPS, LPS + HBO, LPS + HRS and LPS + HBO + HRS groups. ALI was induced by an intratracheal injection of LPS, then the rats were respectively given single agent treatment of HBO or HRS or HBO + HRS treatment. The treatments were continued for 3 days in such experimental rat model of ALI. At the end of experiment, the lung pathological , inflammatory factors , and cell apoptosis in the pulmonary tissue were detected by Tunel method and cell apoptosis rate was calculated accordingly. Results: In the groups treated with HBO + HRS, pulmonary pathological data, wet-dry weight ratio and inflammatory factors of pulmonary tissues and aveolar lavage fluid were signficantly superiror to those of the sham group(P<0.05). Cell apoptosis detection revealed that no matter single agent treatment of HRS or HBO, or combination treatment , could all alleviate cell apoptosis, and HRS combined with HBO treatment was obviously superior to single treatment(P<0.05). Conclusions: HRS or HBO single treatment could decrease inflammatory cytokines release in lung tissue, reduce accumulation of oxidative products and alleviate apoptosis of pulmoanry cells, then lead to positive therapeutic effects on ALI induced by LPS. Furthermore, HBO combined with HRS treatment presented a synergy effect on cell apoptosis decrease, and a declined trend in inflammatory cytokines release and related inflammatory products generation, compared with single treatment.","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We said farewell and thank you to two giants in dive medicine this year: Dr. Peter Bennett and Dr. Claes Lundgren. They leave the proverbial big shoes for us to fill – and a wealth of good works and fond memories.
{"title":"Crossings: Dr. Peter Bennett and Dr. Claes Lundgren","authors":"","doi":"10.22462/07.08.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/07.08.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"We said farewell and thank you to two giants in dive medicine this year: Dr. Peter Bennett and Dr. Claes Lundgren. They leave the proverbial big shoes for us to fill – and a wealth of good works and fond memories.","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter: Vein discoloration after administration of hydroxocobalamin","authors":"L. Weaver, K. Deru","doi":"10.22462/03.04.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/03.04.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87468188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASM 2022 Abstracts Part II","authors":"","doi":"10.22462/03.04.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/03.04.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter: Consideration of the numerous etiologies of carbon monoxide exposures","authors":"D. Covington, Richa Wardhan, C. Giordano","doi":"10.22462/07.08.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/07.08.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85366595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swimming requires frequent lifting and rotating of the head to inhale. A snorkeler saves energy by avoiding this maneuver, but the snorkel adds breathing work due to air flow resistance. The needed power of these head movements has never been examined, although the extra power of breathing through a snorkel was studied recently. This study aimed: 1) to model the work of vertically lifting and rotating in comparison with the breathing work added by a snorkel; 2) to compare heart rate (HR) and velocity (v) while swimming under both conditions; 3) to evaluate the results for surface-swimming divers. Presumably the power when using a snorkel is less, and the difference in power predicts the difference in swimming velocity. Kinematics of head lifting and rotation, and the difference between the hydrodynamics were modeled. A swim test lasting 12 minutes at maximum speed (Cooper swim test) was performed in a pool by nine recreational divers in the front crawl style, with face mask but without fins. All subjects performed the test both with and without snorkel. The average velocity with a snorkel, 0.72±0.09 m∙s-1, was 4.4±3.9% higher than without (p=0.008), but HR (144±16 bpm) showed no difference (0.8±3.4%). The model based on our subjects’ performance showed that 7.5% of the total power is spent in the inhaling maneuver while crawling and 2.7% while snorkeling. Theoretically this would allow the snorkeler to swim 5.2% faster. It is concluded that snorkeling is energetically advantageous as well as for divers swimming on the surface.
{"title":"Swim performance with and without snorkel and the underlying energetic differences","authors":"N. Schellart","doi":"10.22462/07.08.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22462/07.08.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Swimming requires frequent lifting and rotating of the head to inhale. A snorkeler saves energy by avoiding this maneuver, but the snorkel adds breathing work due to air flow resistance. The needed power of these head movements has never been examined, although the extra power of breathing through a snorkel was studied recently. This study aimed: 1) to model the work of vertically lifting and rotating in comparison with the breathing work added by a snorkel; 2) to compare heart rate (HR) and velocity (v) while swimming under both conditions; 3) to evaluate the results for surface-swimming divers. Presumably the power when using a snorkel is less, and the difference in power predicts the difference in swimming velocity. Kinematics of head lifting and rotation, and the difference between the hydrodynamics were modeled. A swim test lasting 12 minutes at maximum speed (Cooper swim test) was performed in a pool by nine recreational divers in the front crawl style, with face mask but without fins. All subjects performed the test both with and without snorkel. The average velocity with a snorkel, 0.72±0.09 m∙s-1, was 4.4±3.9% higher than without (p=0.008), but HR (144±16 bpm) showed no difference (0.8±3.4%). The model based on our subjects’ performance showed that 7.5% of the total power is spent in the inhaling maneuver while crawling and 2.7% while snorkeling. Theoretically this would allow the snorkeler to swim 5.2% faster. It is concluded that snorkeling is energetically advantageous as well as for divers swimming on the surface.","PeriodicalId":49396,"journal":{"name":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89135231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}