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Finite element simulation and strength evaluation on innovative and traditional composite shear wall systems 创新与传统组合剪力墙体系的有限元模拟与强度评价
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2060
Yikang Li, Chenxi Li, Xiaomin Liu, Qian Zhang, Liu Yu
Summary Composite shear wall (CSW) system, which consists of a steel boundary frame and a steel panel with a reinforced concrete (RC) panel attached to one side of it using bolts, is commonly used in mid‐ to high‐rise buildings. In a CSW system, RC panel functions as out‐of‐plane restraint to prevent overall buckling of steel panel, thereby enhancing system behavior. However, for a traditional CSW system, the RC panel is in direct contact with the steel boundary frame. The RC panel tends to crush under seismic loading, thereby leading to a weak constraint to steel panel buckling. The innovative CSW system, where a gap remained between steel boundary frame and RC panel, demonstrated better cyclic behavior than the traditional CSW system. Current studies aimed to investigate cyclic behavior, parameter effects, and determination of RC panel stiffness of CSW systems. In this paper, detailed FE models were developed for simulating cyclic behavior of both innovative and traditional CSW systems and validated by test results. FE models accurately predicted lateral load‐drift response and failure patterns of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. System failure patterns and load‐carrying mechanism of RC panels were discussed. The effects of major parameters, including steel panel thickness, RC panel thickness, ratio of bolt spacing to steel panel thickness, and gap between frame and RC panel, were examined using the validated models. Simulation results indicated that steel panel thickness contributed to increase the lateral strength and initial stiffness of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. Although RC panel thickness, ratio of bolt spacing to steel panel thickness, and gap between frame and RC panel had negligible effects on system strength and stiffness, they should also be carefully designed to ensure local stability of the steel panel and system ductility. Formulations were proposed for predicting the lateral strength of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. The average difference between calculated and test/simulated lateral strength was less than 3%.
复合剪力墙(CSW)系统通常用于中高层建筑,它由钢边界框架和钢板组成,一侧用螺栓连接钢筋混凝土(RC)板。在CSW系统中,RC板作为面外约束,防止钢板整体屈曲,从而提高系统性能。然而,对于传统的CSW系统,RC面板是直接接触钢边界框架。钢筋混凝土面板在地震荷载作用下容易发生压碎,从而导致对钢板屈曲的约束较弱。创新的CSW体系在钢边界框架和RC面板之间留有间隙,表现出比传统CSW体系更好的循环性能。目前的研究旨在探讨循环行为,参数的影响,并确定混凝土混凝土系统面板的刚度。本文建立了详细的有限元模型来模拟创新和传统CSW系统的循环行为,并通过试验结果进行了验证。有限元模型准确地预测了创新和传统CSW系统的横向载荷漂移响应和失效模式。讨论了RC板的系统失效模式和承载机理。采用验证模型考察了主要参数的影响,包括钢板厚度、钢筋混凝土板厚度、螺栓间距与钢板厚度之比以及框架与钢筋混凝土板之间的间隙。仿真结果表明,钢板厚度对创新和传统CSW系统的侧向强度和初始刚度都有一定的提高作用。尽管RC板厚度、螺栓间距与钢板厚度之比、框架与RC板之间的间隙对系统强度和刚度的影响可以忽略不计,但也应仔细设计,以确保钢板的局部稳定性和系统的延性。提出了用于预测创新和传统CSW系统横向强度的公式。计算和试验/模拟的横向强度之间的平均差异小于3%。
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引用次数: 0
Study on seismic performance test and calculation method of recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall 再生钢纤维混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验及计算方法研究
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2064
Yan Li, Dong‐yi Li, Shan‐mu Zhao, Xiao‐peng Wang
Summary Recycled steel wire is taken from used tires, and by procedures like mechanical cutting and friction treatment, it can be converted into industrial recycled steel fiber that meets precise criteria. Such green fiber may effectively limit the growth of fractures in concrete and diffuse the fracture energy of concrete when incorporated into concrete. An investigation of the effects of materials and horizontal reinforcement spacing on the seismic performance of shear wall specimens is presented in this research. The test and numerical simulation findings indicate that the RSFRC (recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete) shear wall's fracture is substantially narrower than that of a conventional shear wall and that the shear carrying capacity and deformation ductility of the shear wall have been greatly enhanced. The energy dissipation capacity of the RSFRC shear wall specimen with varying horizontal reinforcement spacing is significantly enhanced when compared to the conventional shear wall, and the ultimate displacements are reduced. RSFRC shear wall specimen has higher stiffness in the early stage, and the overall stiffness decreases slowly. With the decrease of fiber volume fraction of RSFRC shear wall in a certain range, the shear bearing capacity and stiffness of the model will decrease slightly, but the ductility will increase significantly. Compared with the RSFRC shear wall with fiber aspect ratio of 40 and 25, the bearing capacity and ductility of the two are close, but the RSFRC shear wall with low aspect ratio is slightly insufficient. When the axial compression ratio is in the range of 0.2–0.4, the horizontal shear capacity of RSFRC shear wall increases with the increase of vertical load, but the maximum horizontal displacement becomes smaller, and the model is damaged by compression. Using theoretical calculation, this work also creates the simplified calculation method and restoring force model for the bearing capacity of the diagonal section of RSFRC shear wall. The observed findings correspond well with the test hysteresis curve and may serve as a benchmark for future study. This study provides a new research direction for the seismic performance of RSFRC structures, as well as a solid theoretical foundation and promotion for future research.
回收钢丝是从废旧轮胎中提取的,通过机械切割和摩擦处理等程序,可以转化为符合精确标准的工业回收钢纤维。这种绿色纤维掺入混凝土后,可以有效地限制混凝土中裂缝的生长,扩散混凝土的断裂能。本文研究了材料和水平配筋间距对剪力墙试件抗震性能的影响。试验和数值模拟结果表明,再生钢纤维混凝土(RSFRC)剪力墙的断裂比传统剪力墙的断裂要窄得多,剪力墙的抗剪承载力和变形延性都得到了很大的提高。与常规剪力墙相比,不同水平配筋间距的RSFRC剪力墙试件耗能能力显著增强,极限位移减小。RSFRC剪力墙试件早期刚度较高,整体刚度降低缓慢。随着RSFRC剪力墙纤维体积分数在一定范围内的减小,模型的抗剪承载力和刚度略有降低,但延性明显增加。与纤维长径比为40和25的RSFRC剪力墙相比,两者的承载力和延性接近,但低长径比的RSFRC剪力墙略有不足。轴压比在0.2 ~ 0.4范围内,随着竖向荷载的增加,RSFRC剪力墙的水平抗剪能力增大,但最大水平位移变小,模型被压缩破坏。通过理论计算,建立了RSFRC剪力墙斜截面承载力的简化计算方法和恢复力模型。观察结果与试验迟滞曲线吻合较好,可作为今后研究的基准。本研究为RSFRC结构抗震性能提供了新的研究方向,也为今后的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础和促进作用。
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引用次数: 0
CFD simulation of wind loads of kilometer‐scale super tall buildings with typical configurations in veering wind field 典型构型公里级超高层建筑在转向风场中的风荷载CFD模拟
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2066
Chengdong Feng, Ming Gu
Summary The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), whose total height is about 1–1.5 km, is composed of the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) and the Ekman layer, which typically account for the lower 10% and the upper 90% of the ABL, respectively. The wind veering angle in the Ekman layer can be between 10° and 30°, which may be an important influence factor for the wind‐resistant design of kilometer‐scale super‐tall buildings. Unfortunately, there is very little research on this issue so far due to the difficulty in simulations of veering wind in wind tunnels and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation platforms. In this study, the simulations of non‐veering and veering wind fields are presented, and furthermore, the wind loads of kilometer‐scale super tall buildings with several typical configurations in veering wind fields are numerically investigated. Specifically, the large eddy simulations (LES) of unsteady flow around three buildings, namely, a square building, a tapered building (tapering ratio: 6.6%), and a 4‐layer setback building with the same height and the same aspect ratio of 9:1, are systematically performed for the cases of veering wind and non‐veering wind. The wind pressures and wind forces on these buildings are obtained and comprehensively analyzed. The differences in the wind loads among the building configurations are highlighted, and the mechanisms are discussed based on the time‐averaged and instantaneous flow fields.
大气边界层(ABL)由大气面层(ASL)和Ekman层组成,其总高度约为1 ~ 1.5 km,分别占大气面层的下层10%和上层90%。Ekman层的风转向角可在10°~ 30°之间,这可能是千米级超高层建筑抗风设计的重要影响因素。然而,由于风洞中转向风的模拟和计算流体力学(CFD)模拟平台的困难,目前对这一问题的研究很少。本文对非转向风场和转向风场进行了模拟,并对几种典型结构的公里级超高层建筑在转向风场中的风荷载进行了数值研究。具体而言,系统地进行了三种建筑(方形建筑、锥形建筑(锥度比为6.6%)和相同高度、相同长径比为9:1的4层后退式建筑)在转向风和非转向风条件下的非定常流场大涡模拟。得到了这些建筑物的风压和风力,并进行了综合分析。强调了不同建筑结构的风荷载差异,并基于时间平均流场和瞬时流场讨论了其机理。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of load details of the successive explosions on the blast behaviors of reinforced concrete beams 连续爆炸荷载细部对钢筋混凝土梁爆炸性能的影响
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2061
Yingliang Xu, Yan Liu, Fenglei Huang, Junbo Yan, Fan Bai, Xu Li, Hongfu Wang
Summary The objective of this study was to study the effect of load details of successive explosions on the blast behaviors of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. First, the effect of the successive loading of two identical explosions was discussed by considering the influences of standoff distance, charge mass on the failure states, and structural responses (displacement and support reaction force). And keeping the total TNT charge mass of 1 kg unchanged, the effect of loading numbers was investigated by loading two 0.5 kg TNT successively and a single 1 kg TNT on RC beams, respectively. Besides, the successive loading of two different explosions was also considered by investigating the effects of loading sequences and the first explosion induced pre‐damage on the ultimate accumulated damage of RC beams. At last, based on the reaction force and displacement responses, a nonlinear relationship between the dynamic residual load‐carrying capacity and the accumulated residual displacement was obtained to assess the damage states of the tested beams. The results show that the local failure range along the beam span direction (length of peeling‐off and length of spallation) caused by the first blast load did not apparently increase when the damaged beams were subjected to another blast load. With the increase in explosion numbers, depth of compressive crushing increases gradually. At the same stand‐off distance (from 0.25 to 0.45 m), due to the damage accumulation effect, successive loading of two 0.5 kg TNT can trigger more severe local failure but smaller accumulated residual deflection to beams than the single loading of a 1 kg TNT. Besides, when two different blast loads are loaded on tested beams, the loading sequence of the larger one first and then the smaller one (1 kg TNT/0.5 kg TNT at h = 0.45 m) can trigger larger damage to beams than the opposite loading sequence (0.5 kg TNT/1 kg TNT at h = 0.45 m). And for the beams subjected to a smaller blast load first and then a larger one, a stiffer behavior may be triggered by the second blast load on the beam after the first loading of the smaller blast load due to the residual strain in longitudinal reinforcement. Furthermore, based on the nonlinear relationship between residual load‐carrying capacity and residual displacement, the accumulated damage of RC beams was divided into mainly four phases.
摘要本研究的目的是研究连续爆炸荷载细部对钢筋混凝土梁爆炸性能的影响。首先,通过考虑距离、装药质量对破坏状态和结构响应(位移和支撑反力)的影响,讨论了两次相同爆炸连续加载的影响。在TNT总装药质量为1 kg不变的情况下,分别在RC梁上连续加载2个0.5 kg TNT和1个1 kg TNT,考察了加载次数的影响。此外,还考虑了两次不同爆炸的连续加载,研究了加载顺序和第一次爆炸引起的预损伤对RC梁最终累积损伤的影响。最后,基于反力和位移响应,建立了动残余承载力与累积残余位移之间的非线性关系,用于评价试验梁的损伤状态。结果表明:在第一次爆炸荷载作用下,沿梁跨方向的局部破坏范围(剥落长度和碎裂长度)在二次爆炸荷载作用下没有明显增大;随着爆炸次数的增加,压缩破碎深度逐渐增大。在相同的距离(从0.25到0.45米),由于损伤累积效应,连续加载两个0.5 kg TNT可以触发更严重的局部破坏,但比单次加载1 kg TNT更小的累积残余挠度。另外,在试验梁上加载两种不同爆炸荷载时,先大后小的加载顺序(1 kg TNT/0.5 kg TNT, h = 0.45 m)比相反的加载顺序(0.5 kg TNT/1 kg TNT, h = 0.45 m)对梁的损伤更大。由于纵向钢筋的残余应变,在较小的爆炸荷载的第一次加载之后,梁上的第二次爆炸荷载可能会触发更刚性的行为。基于残余承载力与残余位移之间的非线性关系,将钢筋混凝土梁的累积损伤主要分为四个阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the behavior of concentrically braced frame braces using a flexural damper: Experimental and numerical study 使用弯曲阻尼器改善同心支撑框架支撑的性能:实验和数值研究
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2059
Seong‐Hoon Jeong, Ali Ghamari, Akram Jawdhari
Summary Although the concentrically braced frames (CBFs) systems have high lateral elastic stiffness and strength, they reflect a low seismic energy absorption capacity mainly due to their diagonal buckling under compressive loading. To overcome this problem, researchers have proposed metallic shear damper as the most popular due to its satisfactory performance and affordable cost. In this paper, an innovative metallic damper with a flexural mechanism is proposed to improve the behavior of CBF systems. It provides ease of fabrication and replacement after damage, competitive cost, and improved resistance to buckling of the CBF member. The performance of the damper was evaluated experimentally and numerically. Subsequently, two types of dampers, (a) made of rectangular flexural plates (RFP) and (b) made of I‐shaped flexural plates (IFP), were designed and evaluated. Experimental as well as numerical results indicated that both dampers provide stable and symmetrical hysteresis curves with a high energy absorption capacity. Results indicated that the IFP damper has greater stiffness (1.94–2.3 times) and ultimate strength (1.76 times) but a lower overstrength (66% less) and ductility (47% less) than the RFP damper. Moreover, design expressions were presented for the proposed damper and showed a good agreement with finite element results.
虽然同心支撑框架(CBFs)体系具有较高的横向弹性刚度和强度,但主要由于其在压缩荷载下的对角屈曲,反映出较低的地震能量吸收能力。为了克服这一问题,研究人员提出金属剪切阻尼器是最受欢迎的,因为它具有令人满意的性能和负担得起的成本。本文提出了一种具有弯曲机构的新型金属阻尼器,以改善CBF系统的性能。它易于制造和损坏后更换,具有竞争力的成本,并提高了CBF构件的抗屈曲能力。对阻尼器的性能进行了实验和数值评价。随后,设计并评估了两种类型的阻尼器,(a)矩形弯曲板(RFP)和(b) I形弯曲板(IFP)。实验和数值结果表明,两种阻尼器均提供稳定对称的滞回曲线,具有较高的能量吸收能力。结果表明,与RFP阻尼器相比,IFP阻尼器具有更高的刚度(1.94 ~ 2.3倍)和极限强度(1.76倍),但其超强度(低66%)和延性(低47%)较低。给出了该阻尼器的设计表达式,与有限元计算结果吻合较好。
{"title":"Improving the behavior of concentrically braced frame braces using a flexural damper: Experimental and numerical study","authors":"Seong‐Hoon Jeong, Ali Ghamari, Akram Jawdhari","doi":"10.1002/tal.2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.2059","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Although the concentrically braced frames (CBFs) systems have high lateral elastic stiffness and strength, they reflect a low seismic energy absorption capacity mainly due to their diagonal buckling under compressive loading. To overcome this problem, researchers have proposed metallic shear damper as the most popular due to its satisfactory performance and affordable cost. In this paper, an innovative metallic damper with a flexural mechanism is proposed to improve the behavior of CBF systems. It provides ease of fabrication and replacement after damage, competitive cost, and improved resistance to buckling of the CBF member. The performance of the damper was evaluated experimentally and numerically. Subsequently, two types of dampers, (a) made of rectangular flexural plates (RFP) and (b) made of I‐shaped flexural plates (IFP), were designed and evaluated. Experimental as well as numerical results indicated that both dampers provide stable and symmetrical hysteresis curves with a high energy absorption capacity. Results indicated that the IFP damper has greater stiffness (1.94–2.3 times) and ultimate strength (1.76 times) but a lower overstrength (66% less) and ductility (47% less) than the RFP damper. Moreover, design expressions were presented for the proposed damper and showed a good agreement with finite element results.","PeriodicalId":49470,"journal":{"name":"Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural damping estimation from live monitoring of a tall modular building 基于实时监测的高层模块化建筑结构阻尼估算
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2067
John Hickey, Hollie Moore, Brian Broderick, Breiffni Fitzgerald
Abstract The damping ratio is a key indicator of an individual structure's susceptibility to dynamic loads, including the level of discomfort experienced by the occupants of a tall building subjected to wind loading. While computational models, laboratory studies and empirical data can provide estimates of structural damping, the most reliable way to evaluate true damping ratio values is through modal identification using data from field tests on full‐scale finished structures. As an innovative form of construction, high‐rise modular buildings have not been the subject of previous vibration monitoring investigations, implying an absence of essential structural dynamics information. This paper assesses the reliability of four modal identification methods for estimating the damping ratio of a structure using ambient acceleration response data recorded from the world's tallest modular structure, the Ten Degrees building in Croydon, South London. The methods considered are two implementations of the Bayesian fast Fourier transform (BFFT), the random decrement technique (RDT), and a hybrid of the RDT which first decomposes the ambient data into sub‐signals using analytical mode decomposition (AMD‐RDT). Each method is applied to response data collected during 10 significant wind loading events to evaluate the inherent modal properties of the structure, with the computed damping ratio values compared between methods and events. By reporting the first measured damping ratios for a tall modular structure, the paper makes an important contribution to knowledge about the vibration properties of an emerging form of construction.
阻尼比是单个结构对动力荷载敏感性的关键指标,包括高层建筑居住者在风荷载作用下所经历的不适程度。虽然计算模型、实验室研究和经验数据可以提供结构阻尼的估计,但评估真实阻尼比值的最可靠方法是通过使用全尺寸成品结构现场试验数据进行模态识别。作为一种创新的建筑形式,高层模块化建筑并没有成为以前振动监测调查的主题,这意味着缺乏必要的结构动力学信息。本文评估了四种模态识别方法的可靠性,用于估计结构的阻尼比,使用世界上最高的模块化结构,伦敦南部克罗伊登的十度大楼记录的环境加速度响应数据。所考虑的方法是贝叶斯快速傅里叶变换(BFFT)的两种实现,随机减量技术(RDT)和RDT的混合,RDT首先使用解析模式分解(AMD - RDT)将环境数据分解成子信号。将每种方法应用于10个重要风荷载事件中收集的响应数据,以评估结构的固有模态特性,并将计算的阻尼比值与事件进行比较。通过报告第一次测量的阻尼比为一个高大的模块化结构,本文作出了重要贡献的知识,振动特性的一种新兴形式的建设。
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引用次数: 1
Study of the flexural performance and a novel calculation formula for the degree of composite action for precast concrete sandwich panels 研究了预制混凝土夹芯板的抗弯性能及复合作用度计算公式
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2065
Tiancai Zheng, Qi Ge, Feng Xiong, Guo Li, Yu Xue, Xiang Deng
Summary This study investigates the flexural performance and degree of composite action (DCA) of precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs) with four types of connectors. Five full‐scale specimens were designed, and 4‐point bending tests were performed. The specimens included four PCSPs utilizing glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) truss connectors, steel truss connectors, concrete rib connectors, and GFRP pin connectors, respectively, along with a solid panel (SP). The results indicated that the flexural performance and DCA provided by the four types of connectors followed an ascending order as follows: GFRP pin‐type connectors, GFRP truss connectors, steel truss connectors, and concrete rib‐type connectors. Moreover, the study presented a novel method for calculating DCA, namely, the neutral axis method, which was compared with the displacement and strain methods. The reasonableness and accuracy of the neutral axis method in calculating DCA during the linear elastic stage were verified. Results indicated that the neutral axis method provided more precise and reasonable DCA that closely matched the experimental results compared with the displacement and strain methods. Additionally, the neutral axis method was simpler to calculate DCA and had a broader range of applications. Finally, the study provided recommendations for the optimal application scenarios of each calculation method.
本研究探讨了预制混凝土夹芯板(pcsp)的抗弯性能和复合作用程度(DCA)。设计了5个全尺寸试件,并进行了4点弯曲试验。试件包括四个pcsp,分别采用玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)桁架连接器、钢桁架连接器、混凝土肋连接器和GFRP销连接器,以及一个实心面板(SP)。结果表明:4种连接方式的抗弯性能和DCA大小依次为:GFRP销式连接方式、GFRP桁架连接方式、钢桁架连接方式和混凝土肋式连接方式;提出了一种新的计算DCA的方法,即中性轴法,并与位移法和应变法进行了比较。验证了中性轴法计算线弹性阶段DCA的合理性和准确性。结果表明,与位移法和应变法相比,中性轴法提供了更精确、合理的DCA,与实验结果吻合较好。此外,中性轴法计算DCA更简单,适用范围更广。最后,对各种计算方法的最优应用场景提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Machine vision‐based automated earthquake‐induced drift ratio quantification for reinforced concrete columns 基于机器视觉的钢筋混凝土柱地震诱发漂移比自动量化
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2062
Mohammadjavad Hamidia, Sara Jamshidian, Mobinasadat Afzali, Mohammad Safi
Summary This paper presents a novel method for estimating the seismic peak interstory drift ratio (IDR) in reinforced concrete (RC) columns after an earthquake using surface crack image analysis. The quantitative representation of the complexity and irregularity of crack images in damaged RC columns is obtained through the consideration of the generalized fractal dimensions. The authors have compiled a comprehensive database consisting of 445 crack maps obtained from cyclic experiments conducted on 110 rectangular RC column specimens exhibiting double‐curvature deformation mode. This database is utilized by the authors to develop and validate the proposed procedure. The research database contains a wide range of structural and geometric features. Five closed‐form equations are developed with the objective of estimating the peak IDR experienced by the RC columns during a seismic event. The predictive equations are derived through the utilization of symbolic regression technique, with the input parameters varying according to the availability of columns characteristic parameters. Results reveal that generalized fractal dimensions, especially D −1 , are strong vision‐based indicator of damage in RC columns having correlation coefficients with IDR ranging from 0.82 to 0.92 across the considered plans. The seismic peak IDR obtained through the empirical equations can serve as the input engineering demand parameter (EDP) in the seismic loss estimation frameworks. This allows for the determination of the probability of exceeding damage states for structural and nonstructural components of concrete buildings. Finally, the practical implementation of the methodology is examined by its application to an actual case of a damaged column during the Kermanshah earthquake of magnitude 7.3 that occurred in 2017.
本文提出了一种利用表面裂缝图像分析估算地震后钢筋混凝土柱地震峰值层间位移比的新方法。通过考虑广义分形维数,得到了损伤钢筋混凝土柱裂纹图像的复杂性和不规则性的定量表示。作者编制了一个由445张裂缝图组成的综合数据库,这些裂缝图是由110个呈现双曲率变形模式的矩形RC柱试件的循环试验获得的。作者利用该数据库来开发和验证所提出的程序。研究数据库包含广泛的结构和几何特征。开发了五个封闭形式的方程,目的是估计地震事件中RC柱所经历的峰值IDR。利用符号回归技术推导了预测方程,输入参数根据列特征参数的可用性而变化。结果表明,广义分形维数,特别是D−1,是基于视觉的RC柱损伤指标,在考虑的方案中,与IDR的相关系数在0.82至0.92之间。通过经验方程得到的地震峰值IDR可作为地震损失估计框架中的输入工程需求参数(EDP)。这允许确定混凝土建筑物的结构和非结构部件超过破坏状态的概率。最后,通过将该方法应用于2017年发生的Kermanshah 7.3级地震中受损柱的实际案例,对该方法的实际实施进行了检验。
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引用次数: 0
Mass ratio factor in control performance of optimum tuned liquid dampers 最佳调谐液体阻尼器控制性能的质量比因子
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2063
Ayla Ocak, Gebrail Bekdaş, Sinan Melih Nigdeli
Summary Tuned liquid dampers provide structure control with the help of the liquid mass in tanks that are attached to the structure. The mass ratio affects the optimum tuned liquid damper (TLD) parameters. This study examines the effect of mass ratio on the control performance of TLD devices in providing seismic control of structures with different damping ratios. For this purpose, TLD devices with different mass ratios were placed on two different single‐story steel and reinforced concrete structure models, and their performance under earthquake excitation was investigated. TLD parameters for obtaining the optimum displacement level in the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐s structure natural period for both structure types were optimized with the Jaya algorithm (JA), which is a metaheuristic algorithm. By using the optimum TLD parameters, the structural displacement and total acceleration values were obtained by the critical earthquake analysis. When the results are examined, it is understood that TLD mass increase from a 20% mass ratio for both structure types and selected structure periods does not have a significant effect on TLD control performance.
调谐液体阻尼器通过与结构相连的储罐中的液体质量来提供结构控制。质量比影响调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的最佳参数。本研究考察了质量比对TLD装置控制性能的影响,以提供不同阻尼比结构的地震控制。为此,将不同质量比的TLD装置放置在两种不同的单层钢和钢筋混凝土结构模型上,研究了它们在地震作用下的性能。采用Jaya算法(JA)对两种结构类型在0.5‐s和1.0‐s结构自然周期内获得最佳位移水平的TLD参数进行了优化。利用最优TLD参数,通过临界地震分析得到结构位移和总加速度值。研究结果表明,无论是结构类型还是所选结构周期,TLD质量增加20%对TLD控制性能都没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the vertically‐layered structure and surface roughness parameters of the urban boundary layer 城市边界层垂直层状结构及表面粗糙度参数研究
3区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/tal.2056
Bo Li, Zhen Han, Xinxin Zhang, Qingshan Yang, Chen Li, Lin Sun
Summary Atmospheric flow is the main factor affecting the wind load of urban buildings. The measured data observed continuously from the 325‐m‐tall Beijing Meteorological Tower (BMT) during 2013–2017 is employed to investigate the vertically‐layered structure and surface roughness parameters of the urban boundary layer. Based on the local similarity theory and analysis results of the atmospheric stability and local friction velocity, it can be determined that the height of 80 m is near the bottom of the inertial sub‐layer, the range below this height belongs to the roughness sub‐layer, 140 m belongs to the inertial sub‐layer, and 200 m and 280 m are in the mixing layer. The local friction velocity at 80 m can be considered a relatively reliable value as the friction velocity. Moreover, seasonal effect on local friction velocity is minimal. According to the fitting result of near‐neutral strong wind samples by the log‐law, it is concluded that to obtain a more accurate wind speed profile, all layers should be included when picking fitting heights. In addition, surface roughness parameters are affected by the wind direction and speed. The variation according to the wind direction corresponds to the topographical distribution surrounding the BMT, and the higher range of wind speed may be more applicable for estimating surface roughness parameters.
大气气流是影响城市建筑风荷载的主要因素。利用2013-2017年325 m北京气象塔连续观测资料,对城市边界层垂直分层结构和表面粗糙度参数进行了研究。根据局部相似理论和大气稳定性及局部摩擦速度的分析结果,可以确定80 m高度接近惯性子层底部,低于该高度的范围属于粗糙子层,140 m属于惯性子层,200 m和280 m属于混合层。80 m处的局部摩擦速度可以认为是相对可靠的摩擦速度值。此外,季节对局部摩擦速度的影响最小。根据近中性强风样本的对数拟合结果,得出要获得更准确的风速廓线,在选择拟合高度时应包括所有层。此外,表面粗糙度参数受风向和风速的影响。风向的变化与BMT周围的地形分布相对应,较高的风速范围可能更适用于估算表面粗糙度参数。
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Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings
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