We propose a class of goodness–of–fit test procedures for arbitrary parametric families of circular distributions with unknown parameters. The tests make use of the specific form of the characteristic function of the family being tested, and are shown to be consistent. We derive the asymptotic null distribution and suggest that the new method be implemented using a bootstrap resampling technique that approximates this distribution consistently. As an illustration, we then specialize this method to testing whether a given data set is from the von Mises distribution, a model that is commonly used and for which considerable theory has been developed. An extensive Monte Carlo study is carried out to compare the new tests with other existing omnibus tests for this model. An application involving five real data sets is provided in order to illustrate the new procedure.
{"title":"A class of goodness-of-fit tests for circular distributions based on trigonometric moments","authors":"S. Jammalamadaka, S. Meintanis, M. Jiménez-Gamero","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.37","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a class of goodness–of–fit test procedures for arbitrary parametric families of circular distributions with unknown parameters. The tests make use of the specific form of the characteristic function of the family being tested, and are shown to be consistent. We derive the asymptotic null distribution and suggest that the new method be implemented using a bootstrap resampling technique that approximates this distribution consistently. As an illustration, we then specialize this method to testing whether a given data set is from the von Mises distribution, a model that is commonly used and for which considerable theory has been developed. An extensive Monte Carlo study is carried out to compare the new tests with other existing omnibus tests for this model. An application involving five real data sets is provided in order to illustrate the new procedure.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75186946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. S. Alegría, Montserrat Guillén, Helena Chuliá, Faustino Prieto Mendoza
We propose a new type of risk measure for non-negative random variables that focuses on the tail of the distribution. The measure is inspired in general parametric distributions that are well-known in the statistical analysis of the size of income. We derive simple expressions for the conditional moments of these distributions, and we show that they are suitable for analysis of tail risk. The proposed method can easily be implemented in practice because it provides a simple one-step way to compute value-at-risk and tail value-at-risk. We show an illustration with currency exchange data. The data and implementation are open access for reproducibility.
{"title":"Tail risk measures using flexible parametric distributions","authors":"J. M. S. Alegría, Montserrat Guillén, Helena Chuliá, Faustino Prieto Mendoza","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.86","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new type of risk measure for non-negative random variables that focuses on the tail of the distribution. The measure is inspired in general parametric distributions that are well-known in the statistical analysis of the size of income. We derive simple expressions for the conditional moments of these distributions, and we show that they are suitable for analysis of tail risk. The proposed method can easily be implemented in practice because it provides a simple one-step way to compute value-at-risk and tail value-at-risk. We show an illustration with currency exchange data. The data and implementation are open access for reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79779743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we consider two univariate random environment integer-valued autoregressive processes driven by the same hidden process. A model of this kind is capable of describing two correlated non-stationary counting time series using its marginal variable parameter values. The properties of the model are presented. Some parameter estimators are described and implemented on the simulated time series. The introduction of this bivariate integer-valued autoregressive model with a random environment is justified at the end of the paper, where its real-life data-fitting performance was checked and compared to some other appropriate models. The forecasting properties of the model are tested on a few data sets, and forecasting errors are discussed through the residual analysis of the components that comprise the model.
{"title":"Forecasting with two generalized integer-valued autoregressive processes of order one in the mutual random environment","authors":"Predrag M. Popovic, P. Laketa, A. Nastic","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.92","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider two univariate random environment integer-valued autoregressive processes driven by the same hidden process. A model of this kind is capable of describing two correlated non-stationary counting time series using its marginal variable parameter values. The properties of the model are presented. Some parameter estimators are described and implemented on the simulated time series. The introduction of this bivariate integer-valued autoregressive model with a random environment is justified at the end of the paper, where its real-life data-fitting performance was checked and compared to some other appropriate models. The forecasting properties of the model are tested on a few data sets, and forecasting errors are discussed through the residual analysis of the components that comprise the model.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91150419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two new implementations for fitting Poisson excess relative risk methods are proposed for as- sumed simple models. This allows for estimation of the excess relative risk associated with a unique exposure, where the background risk is modelled by a unique categorical variable, for example gender or attained age levels. Additionally, it is shown how to fit general Poisson linear relative risk models in R. Both simple methods and the R fitting are illustrated in three examples. The first two examples are from the radiation epidemiology literature. Data in the third example are randomly generated with the purpose of sharing it jointly with the R scripts.
{"title":"Poisson excess relative risk models: New implementations and software","authors":"M. Higueras, A. Howes","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.76","url":null,"abstract":"Two new implementations for fitting Poisson excess relative risk methods are proposed for as- \u0000sumed simple models. This allows for estimation of the excess relative risk associated with a \u0000unique exposure, where the background risk is modelled by a unique categorical variable, for \u0000example gender or attained age levels. Additionally, it is shown how to fit general Poisson linear \u0000relative risk models in R. Both simple methods and the R fitting are illustrated in three examples. \u0000The first two examples are from the radiation epidemiology literature. Data in the third example \u0000are randomly generated with the purpose of sharing it jointly with the R scripts.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90514423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main sources of inaccuracy in modern survey techniques, such as online and smartphone surveys, is the absence of an adequate sampling frame that could provide a probabilistic sampling. This kind of data collection leads to the presence of high amounts of bias in final estimates of the survey, specially if the estimated variables (also known as target variables) have some influence on the decision of the respondent to participate in the survey. Various correction techniques, such as calibration and propensity score adjustment or PSA, can be applied to remove the bias. This study attempts to analyse the efficiency of correction techniques in multiple situations, applying a combination of propensity score adjustment and calibration on both types of variables (correlated and not correlated with the missing data mechanism) and testing the use of a reference survey to get the population totals for calibration variables. The study was performed using a simulation of a fictitious population of potential voters and a real volunteer survey aimed to a population for which a complete census was available. Results showed that PSA combined with calibration results in a bias removal considerably larger when compared with calibration with no prior adjustment. Results also showed that using population totals from the estimates of a reference survey instead of the available population data does not make a difference in estimates accuracy, although it can contribute to slightly increment the variance of the estimator.
{"title":"Efficiency of propensity score adjustment and calibration on the estimation from non-probabilistic online surveys","authors":"R. Ferri-García, M. Rueda","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.73","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main sources of inaccuracy in modern survey techniques, such as online and smartphone surveys, is the absence of an adequate sampling frame that could provide a probabilistic sampling. This kind of data collection leads to the presence of high amounts of bias in final estimates of the survey, specially if the estimated variables (also known as target variables) have some influence on the decision of the respondent to participate in the survey. Various correction techniques, such as calibration and propensity score adjustment or PSA, can be applied to remove the bias. This study attempts to analyse the efficiency of correction techniques in multiple situations, applying a combination of propensity score adjustment and calibration on both types of variables (correlated and not correlated with the missing data mechanism) and testing the use of a reference survey to get the population totals for calibration variables. The study was performed using a simulation of a fictitious population of potential voters and a real volunteer survey aimed to a population for which a complete census was available. Results showed that PSA combined with calibration results in a bias removal considerably larger when compared with calibration with no prior adjustment. Results also showed that using population totals from the estimates of a reference survey instead of the available population data does not make a difference in estimates accuracy, although it can contribute to slightly increment the variance of the estimator.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84529380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discrete case of Bayes’ formula is considered the paradigm of information acquisition. Prior and posterior probability functions, as well as likelihood functions, called evidence functions, are compositions following the Aitchison geometry of the simplex, and have thus vector character. Bayes’ formula becomes a vector addition. The Aitchison norm of an evidence function is introduced as a scalar measurement of information. A fictitious fire scenario serves as illustration. Two different inspections of affected houses are considered. Two questions are addressed: (a) which is the information provided by the outcomes of inspections, and (b) which is the most informative inspection.
{"title":"Evidence functions: a compositional approach to information","authors":"J. Egozcue, V. Pawlowsky-Glahn","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.71","url":null,"abstract":"The discrete case of Bayes’ formula is considered the paradigm of information acquisition. Prior and posterior probability functions, as well as likelihood functions, called evidence functions, are compositions following the Aitchison geometry of the simplex, and have thus vector character. Bayes’ formula becomes a vector addition. The Aitchison norm of an evidence function is introduced as a scalar measurement of information. A fictitious fire scenario serves as illustration. Two different inspections of affected houses are considered. Two questions are addressed: (a) which is the information provided by the outcomes of inspections, and (b) which is the most informative inspection.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90281210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José André Mota de Queiroz, D. Aragon, L. Mello, I. Previdelli, E. Martinez
In this paper, it is proposed a Bayesian analysis of a time series in the presence of a random change-point and autoregressive terms. The development of this model was motivated by a data set related to the monthly number of asthma medications dispensed by the public health services of Ribeirao Preto, Southeast Brazil, from 1999 to 2011. A pronounced increase trend has been observed from 1999 to a specific change-point, with a posterior decrease until the end of the series. In order to obtain estimates for the parameters of interest, a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation procedure using the Gibbs sampler algorithm was developed. The Bayesian model with autoregressive terms of order 1 fits well to the data, allowing to estimate the change-point at July 2007, and probably reflecting the results of the new health policies and previously adopted programs directed toward patients with asthma. The results imply that the present model is useful to analyse the monthly number of dispensed asthma medications and it can be used to describe a broad range of epidemiological time series data where a change-point is present.
{"title":"Using a Bayesian change-point statistical model with autoregressive terms to study the monthly number of dispensed asthma medications by public health services","authors":"José André Mota de Queiroz, D. Aragon, L. Mello, I. Previdelli, E. Martinez","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.66","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is proposed a Bayesian analysis of a time series in the presence of a random change-point and autoregressive terms. The development of this model was motivated by a data set related to the monthly number of asthma medications dispensed by the public health services of Ribeirao Preto, Southeast Brazil, from 1999 to 2011. A pronounced increase trend has been observed from 1999 to a specific change-point, with a posterior decrease until the end of the series. In order to obtain estimates for the parameters of interest, a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation procedure using the Gibbs sampler algorithm was developed. The Bayesian model with autoregressive terms of order 1 fits well to the data, allowing to estimate the change-point at July 2007, and probably reflecting the results of the new health policies and previously adopted programs directed toward patients with asthma. The results imply that the present model is useful to analyse the monthly number of dispensed asthma medications and it can be used to describe a broad range of epidemiological time series data where a change-point is present.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74975661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we study the complexity of a functional data set drawn from particular processes by means of a two-step approach. The first step considers a new graphical tool for assessing to which family the data belong: the main aim is to detect whether a sample comes from a monomial or an exponential family. This first tool is based on a nonparametric kNN estimation of small ball probability. Once the family is specified, the second step consists in evaluating the extent of complexity by estimating some specific indexes related to the assigned family. It turns out that the developed methodology is fully free from assumptions on model, distribution as well as dominating measure. Computational issues are carried out by means of simulations and finally the method is applied to analyse some financial real curves dataset.
{"title":"Evaluating the complexity of some families of functional data","authors":"E. Bongiorno, A. Goia, P. Vieu","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.67","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the complexity of a functional data set drawn from particular processes by means of a two-step approach. The first step considers a new graphical tool for assessing to which family the data belong: the main aim is to detect whether a sample comes from a monomial or an exponential family. This first tool is based on a nonparametric kNN estimation of small ball probability. Once the family is specified, the second step consists in evaluating the extent of complexity by estimating some specific indexes related to the assigned family. It turns out that the developed methodology is fully free from assumptions on model, distribution as well as dominating measure. Computational issues are carried out by means of simulations and finally the method is applied to analyse some financial real curves dataset.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79274721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Serrano-Hernandez, A. Juan, J. Faulin, E. Pérez-Bernabeu
Since its appearance in the 1990s, horizontal collaboration (HC) practices have revealed themselves as catalyzers for optimizing the distribution of goods in freight transport logistics. After introducing the main concepts related to HC, this paper offers a literature review on the topic and provides a classification of best practices in HC. Then, the paper analyses the main benefits and optimization challenges associated with the use of HC at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Emerging trends such as the concept of ‘green' or environmentally-friendly HC in freight transport logistics are also introduced. Finally, the paper discusses the need of using hybrid optimization methods, such as simheuristics and learnheuristics, in solving some of the previously identified challenges in real-life scenarios dominated by uncertainty and dynamic conditions.
{"title":"Horizontal collaboration in freight transport","authors":"Adrian Serrano-Hernandez, A. Juan, J. Faulin, E. Pérez-Bernabeu","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.65","url":null,"abstract":"Since its appearance in the 1990s, horizontal collaboration (HC) practices have revealed themselves as catalyzers for optimizing the distribution of goods in freight transport logistics. After introducing the main concepts related to HC, this paper offers a literature review on the topic and provides a classification of best practices in HC. Then, the paper analyses the main benefits and optimization challenges associated with the use of HC at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Emerging trends such as the concept of ‘green' or environmentally-friendly HC in freight transport logistics are also introduced. Finally, the paper discusses the need of using hybrid optimization methods, such as simheuristics and learnheuristics, in solving some of the previously identified challenges in real-life scenarios dominated by uncertainty and dynamic conditions.","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89552635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molenberghs, Verbeke, and Demetrio (2007) and Molenberghs et al. (2010) proposed a general framework to model hierarchical data subject to within-unit correlation and/or overdispersion. The framework extends classical overdispersion models as well as generalized linear mixed models. Subsequent work has examined various aspects that lead to the formulation of several extensions. A unified treatment of the model framework and key extensions is provided. Particular extensions discussed are: explicit calculation of correlation and other moment-based functions, joint modelling of several hierarchical sequences, versions with direct marginally interpretable parameters, zero-inflation in the count case, and influence diagnostics. The basic models and several extensions are illustrated using a set of key examples, one per data type (count, binary, multinomial, ordinal, and time-to-event).
Molenberghs, Verbeke, and Demetrio(2007)和Molenberghs et al.(2010)提出了一个通用框架，用于对受单位内相关和/或过度分散影响的分层数据进行建模。该框架扩展了经典的过色散模型和广义线性混合模型。随后的工作审查了导致拟订若干扩展的各个方面。提供了对模型框架和键扩展的统一处理。讨论的具体扩展包括:相关性和其他基于矩的函数的显式计算，几个层次序列的联合建模，具有直接边际可解释参数的版本，计数情况下的零膨胀，以及影响诊断。使用一组关键示例说明了基本模型和几个扩展，每种数据类型(计数、二进制、多项、序数和时间到事件)各一个。
{"title":"Hierarchical models with normal and conjugate random effects: a review (invited article)","authors":"G. Molenberghs, G. Verbeke, C. Demétrio","doi":"10.2436/20.8080.02.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8080.02.58","url":null,"abstract":"Molenberghs, Verbeke, and Demetrio (2007) and Molenberghs et al. (2010) proposed a general framework to model hierarchical data subject to within-unit correlation and/or overdispersion. The framework extends classical overdispersion models as well as generalized linear mixed models. Subsequent work has examined various aspects that lead to the formulation of several extensions. A unified treatment of the model framework and key extensions is provided. Particular extensions discussed are: explicit calculation of correlation and other moment-based functions, joint modelling of several hierarchical sequences, versions with direct marginally interpretable parameters, zero-inflation in the count case, and influence diagnostics. The basic models and several extensions are illustrated using a set of key examples, one per data type (count, binary, multinomial, ordinal, and time-to-event).","PeriodicalId":49497,"journal":{"name":"Sort-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80006123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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