Pub Date : 1997-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383583
C. Bruell, D. Ryan, C. C. Barker, J. Lazzaro
Laboratory studies were performed to examine the removal of NAPL m‐xylene from porous media using a biodegradable 5% sodium lauroy/sarcosinate surfactant flushing solution (Hamposyl L‐30, Hampshire Chemical Corp., Nashua, NH). Vertical glass columns were packed with 0.6‐mm glass beads or washed sand and contaminated with m‐xylene. Columns were drained by gravity so that the media initially contained three phases: air, water, and m‐xylene. Removal of m‐xylene was primarily by enhanced solubilization. Recovery of 95% of residual m‐xylene from washed sand was obtained with an average of 43.2 pore volumes of surfactant solution, as opposed to an estimated 477 pore volumes required when flushing with water alone. Addition of surfactants caused decreases in interfacial tensions and therefore column dewatering that resulted in decreased flow rates through the unsaturated media. Effluent samples were acidified to induce phase separation via formation of water insoluble sarcosine acid, which was observed as a whit...
{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of a biodegradable surfactant for In Situ soil flushing","authors":"C. Bruell, D. Ryan, C. C. Barker, J. Lazzaro","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383583","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory studies were performed to examine the removal of NAPL m‐xylene from porous media using a biodegradable 5% sodium lauroy/sarcosinate surfactant flushing solution (Hamposyl L‐30, Hampshire Chemical Corp., Nashua, NH). Vertical glass columns were packed with 0.6‐mm glass beads or washed sand and contaminated with m‐xylene. Columns were drained by gravity so that the media initially contained three phases: air, water, and m‐xylene. Removal of m‐xylene was primarily by enhanced solubilization. Recovery of 95% of residual m‐xylene from washed sand was obtained with an average of 43.2 pore volumes of surfactant solution, as opposed to an estimated 477 pore volumes required when flushing with water alone. Addition of surfactants caused decreases in interfacial tensions and therefore column dewatering that resulted in decreased flow rates through the unsaturated media. Effluent samples were acidified to induce phase separation via formation of water insoluble sarcosine acid, which was observed as a whit...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"509-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383580
J. Walworth, C. Woolard, J. Braddock, C. Reynolds
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between soil water content and microbial response to soil nitrogen (N) in petroleum‐contaminated soils. Various levels of N were added to a sand, a sandy loam, and a silt loam. Measurements of the extent of biodegradation in each soil (petroleum loss or CO2 production) indicated that biodegradation was related to soil N expressed as a function of soil water (mg N/kg soil H2O or mg N/I) better than N expressed as a function of soil dry matter (mg N/kg soil). A loamy sand was treated with four levels of N (0, 250, 500, 750 mg N/kg soil) and incubated at three water contents (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% on a dry soil weight basis). Soil water potential and O2 consumption were best related to N expressed on the basis of soil water. It is concluded that expressing N in units of mg N/kg soil H2O (easily obtained by dividing [mg N/kg dry soil] by [soil moisture content]) can be used to determine fertilization rates for bioremediation processes. On this basis...
{"title":"Enhancement and inhibition of soil petroleum biodegradation through the use of fertilizer nitrogen: An approach to determining optimum levels","authors":"J. Walworth, C. Woolard, J. Braddock, C. Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383580","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between soil water content and microbial response to soil nitrogen (N) in petroleum‐contaminated soils. Various levels of N were added to a sand, a sandy loam, and a silt loam. Measurements of the extent of biodegradation in each soil (petroleum loss or CO2 production) indicated that biodegradation was related to soil N expressed as a function of soil water (mg N/kg soil H2O or mg N/I) better than N expressed as a function of soil dry matter (mg N/kg soil). A loamy sand was treated with four levels of N (0, 250, 500, 750 mg N/kg soil) and incubated at three water contents (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% on a dry soil weight basis). Soil water potential and O2 consumption were best related to N expressed on the basis of soil water. It is concluded that expressing N in units of mg N/kg soil H2O (easily obtained by dividing [mg N/kg dry soil] by [soil moisture content]) can be used to determine fertilization rates for bioremediation processes. On this basis...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"68 1","pages":"465-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59969981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383576
L. M. Shuman, Zhenbin Li
Limited areas of cropland in Georgia have been amended with a high‐Zn flue‐dust material, which is causing Zn toxicities to crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of lime and mushroom compost in reducing Zn uptake by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). A pot experiment was carried out using a high‐Zn toxic soil anda low‐Zn non‐toxic soil. There were four lime rates (0, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 Mg ha−1) and two compost treatments (67.2 Mg ha−1 compost and the same rate of compost plus 4.48 Mg ha−1 lime). There was a steady decline in plant Zn with increasing lime rates for the low‐Zn soil up to 8.96 Mg ha‐1 (soil pH 7.1). For the high‐Zn soil, the lime did little to increase growth up to 8.96 Mg ha−1 (soil pH 6.3), but the compost and compost plus lime gave normal plants (soil pH 6.9). The DTPA‐extractable Zn responded to lime and compost treatments, but Mehlich‐1 Zn was not responsive to treatments. Liming and compost amendments redistributed Zn from the exchangeable fraction to the Mn o...
{"title":"Amelioration of zinc toxicity in cotton using lime or mushroom compost","authors":"L. M. Shuman, Zhenbin Li","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383576","url":null,"abstract":"Limited areas of cropland in Georgia have been amended with a high‐Zn flue‐dust material, which is causing Zn toxicities to crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of lime and mushroom compost in reducing Zn uptake by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). A pot experiment was carried out using a high‐Zn toxic soil anda low‐Zn non‐toxic soil. There were four lime rates (0, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 Mg ha−1) and two compost treatments (67.2 Mg ha−1 compost and the same rate of compost plus 4.48 Mg ha−1 lime). There was a steady decline in plant Zn with increasing lime rates for the low‐Zn soil up to 8.96 Mg ha‐1 (soil pH 7.1). For the high‐Zn soil, the lime did little to increase growth up to 8.96 Mg ha−1 (soil pH 6.3), but the compost and compost plus lime gave normal plants (soil pH 6.9). The DTPA‐extractable Zn responded to lime and compost treatments, but Mehlich‐1 Zn was not responsive to treatments. Liming and compost amendments redistributed Zn from the exchangeable fraction to the Mn o...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"425-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59969950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383573
J. Hale, A. Foos, J. S. Zubrow
The characterization of arsenic and chromium in soil (and site remediation decisions) is commonly based on total concentration results and U.S. EPA TCLP results. Further evaluation of arsenic and chromium within the soil media by application of geostatistlcs, selective extraction laboratory procedures, and X‐ray diffraction determination of soil mineralogy provides valuable additional information. Arsenic‐and chromium‐contaminated soils at a chemical manufacturing facility represent a case study for application of this approach. From 0 to 6 ft deep, the soils are characterized by mottled, yellowish brown, silt and clay with fine sand, grading downward into light yellowish brown, sllty, micaceous, fine sand, dominated by small, gray, foliated, lithic fragments and muscovite. Total arsenic and chromium are concentrated in the upper silt and clay, but are more readily leached from the lower sandy soil, suggesting partitioning based on soil composition. Selective extraction data Indicate that arsenic is prima...
{"title":"BETTER CHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC AND CHROMIUM IN SOILS: A FIELDSCALE EXAMPLE","authors":"J. Hale, A. Foos, J. S. Zubrow","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383573","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of arsenic and chromium in soil (and site remediation decisions) is commonly based on total concentration results and U.S. EPA TCLP results. Further evaluation of arsenic and chromium within the soil media by application of geostatistlcs, selective extraction laboratory procedures, and X‐ray diffraction determination of soil mineralogy provides valuable additional information. Arsenic‐and chromium‐contaminated soils at a chemical manufacturing facility represent a case study for application of this approach. From 0 to 6 ft deep, the soils are characterized by mottled, yellowish brown, silt and clay with fine sand, grading downward into light yellowish brown, sllty, micaceous, fine sand, dominated by small, gray, foliated, lithic fragments and muscovite. Total arsenic and chromium are concentrated in the upper silt and clay, but are more readily leached from the lower sandy soil, suggesting partitioning based on soil composition. Selective extraction data Indicate that arsenic is prima...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"371-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383575
L. R. Chevalier, R. Wallace
In saturated soil, a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) can become a discontinuous immobile phase when capillary forces are stronger than the opposing viscous and buoyancy forces. In regions where this occurs, the aqueous phase permeability is less than the water saturated permeability of the surrounding medium, which may cause treatment to bypass the targeted contaminated region. As an in situ treatment is applied, the saturation of residual NAPL (Srn) is reduced, while the aqueous phase saturation (Sa ) and the relative permeability of the aqueous phase (kra) increases. Hence, in situ treatment of NAPL must account for various levels of heterogeneity. In this study, column experiments measure Kra‐Sa during the application of a surfactant that enhances the dissolution of NAPL Into the aqueous phase. The results indicated that the surfactant initially decreases kra followed by a steady increase as Srn is reduced. In multiphase models, it is common practice to use empirical coefficients measured from pressure‐...
{"title":"Aqueous phase permeability in the region of discontinuous NAPL","authors":"L. R. Chevalier, R. Wallace","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383575","url":null,"abstract":"In saturated soil, a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) can become a discontinuous immobile phase when capillary forces are stronger than the opposing viscous and buoyancy forces. In regions where this occurs, the aqueous phase permeability is less than the water saturated permeability of the surrounding medium, which may cause treatment to bypass the targeted contaminated region. As an in situ treatment is applied, the saturation of residual NAPL (Srn) is reduced, while the aqueous phase saturation (Sa ) and the relative permeability of the aqueous phase (kra) increases. Hence, in situ treatment of NAPL must account for various levels of heterogeneity. In this study, column experiments measure Kra‐Sa during the application of a surfactant that enhances the dissolution of NAPL Into the aqueous phase. The results indicated that the surfactant initially decreases kra followed by a steady increase as Srn is reduced. In multiphase models, it is common practice to use empirical coefficients measured from pressure‐...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"409-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383572
S. C. Crawford, C. Bruell, D. Ryan, John W. Duggan
Surfactants can potentially improve the efficiency of pump‐and‐treat technology for remediation of aquifers contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). However, the formation of emulsions during the removal process can Increase the viscosity in the system. This can result in pore clogging and reduction of flow, which inhibits the contaminant removal process. Formation of viscous emulsions has been identified in previous research as one of the probable causes for in situ field test failures using surfactant‐enhanced soil‐flushing technology. However, the effects of in situ emulsification and viscosity increases have not been quantified previously. The purpose of this article is to investigate effects of in situ emulsification on the remediation process. Laboratory column studies examined the mobilization of m‐xylene from porous media using a 1% alcohol ethoxylate surfactant solution (Witconol® SN90). Effects of in situ emulsification were determined. Glass columns (1.1 cm i.d. × 30 cm) were packed wi...
表面活性剂可以潜在地提高泵送处理技术在修复被非水相液体(NAPLs)污染的含水层中的效率。然而，在去除过程中形成的乳剂会增加体系的粘度。这可能导致孔隙堵塞和流量减少，从而抑制污染物的去除过程。在先前的研究中，粘性乳剂的形成已被确定为使用表面活性剂增强土壤冲洗技术的现场测试失败的可能原因之一。然而，原位乳化和粘度增加的影响以前没有被量化。本文的目的是研究原位乳化对修复过程的影响。实验室柱式研究使用1%乙醇乙氧基酸表面活性剂溶液(Witconol®SN90)从多孔介质中动员间二甲苯。测定了原位乳化的效果。玻璃柱(直径1.1 cm × 30 cm)填充…
{"title":"Effects of emulsion viscosity during surfactant‐enhanced soil flushing in porous media","authors":"S. C. Crawford, C. Bruell, D. Ryan, John W. Duggan","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383572","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants can potentially improve the efficiency of pump‐and‐treat technology for remediation of aquifers contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). However, the formation of emulsions during the removal process can Increase the viscosity in the system. This can result in pore clogging and reduction of flow, which inhibits the contaminant removal process. Formation of viscous emulsions has been identified in previous research as one of the probable causes for in situ field test failures using surfactant‐enhanced soil‐flushing technology. However, the effects of in situ emulsification and viscosity increases have not been quantified previously. The purpose of this article is to investigate effects of in situ emulsification on the remediation process. Laboratory column studies examined the mobilization of m‐xylene from porous media using a 1% alcohol ethoxylate surfactant solution (Witconol® SN90). Effects of in situ emulsification were determined. Glass columns (1.1 cm i.d. × 30 cm) were packed wi...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"355-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-05-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383566
B. Sleep, Yanfang Ma
Preliminary evaluations of the feasibility of thermal remediation techniques such as hot water flooding and steam flushing can be conducted with a knowledge of the influence of temperature on organic fluid properties such as interfacial tension, density, viscosity, solubility, vapor pressure, and Henry's constant. Relationships quantifying the effect of these fluid properties on organic removal and empirical equations for predicting the thermal variation of fluid properties are reviewed. Methods for measuring these properties are reviewed and applied to the characterization of perchloroethylene and a transformer oil. The importance of various removal mechanisms associated with thermal remediation is evaluated for these two fluids. Perchloroethylene solubilities increased by approximately 60% as temperature increased from 30°C to 90°C, suggesting that increased solubilization at higher temperatures would not be a significant removal mechanism. Viscosity and density reductions for both NAPLs were small, ind...
{"title":"Thermal variation of organic fluid properties and impact on thermal remediation feasibility","authors":"B. Sleep, Yanfang Ma","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383566","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary evaluations of the feasibility of thermal remediation techniques such as hot water flooding and steam flushing can be conducted with a knowledge of the influence of temperature on organic fluid properties such as interfacial tension, density, viscosity, solubility, vapor pressure, and Henry's constant. Relationships quantifying the effect of these fluid properties on organic removal and empirical equations for predicting the thermal variation of fluid properties are reviewed. Methods for measuring these properties are reviewed and applied to the characterization of perchloroethylene and a transformer oil. The importance of various removal mechanisms associated with thermal remediation is evaluated for these two fluids. Perchloroethylene solubilities increased by approximately 60% as temperature increased from 30°C to 90°C, suggesting that increased solubilization at higher temperatures would not be a significant removal mechanism. Viscosity and density reductions for both NAPLs were small, ind...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"281-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-05-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383567
I. Franco, C. Vischetti, M. T. Baca, M. Nobili, C. Mondini, L. Leita
We studied the adsorption of two herbicides of different polarity, linuron and metamitron, by a mineral soil and two peats at different decomposition stages and determined Freundlich and distribution coefficients per unit of organic matter. The Freundlich adsorption constant (K1) was 20‐to 30‐fold higher in the case of linuron and 40‐to 90‐fold higher for metamitron for the organic materials (peats) than for the mineral soil, reflecting adsorption dependence on both organic matter content and type. The well‐decomposed peat showed the highest affinity for both herbicides. Hydro‐phobic bonding is suggested as a possible explanation. For linuron, the variation in K, was reduced to less than a twofold variation in Koc by normalizing adsorption to organic carbon, whereas for metamitron, Koc values were not constant, confirming that this parameter may be of little meaning for polar compounds.
{"title":"Adsorption of linuron and metamitron on soil and peats at two different decomposition stages","authors":"I. Franco, C. Vischetti, M. T. Baca, M. Nobili, C. Mondini, L. Leita","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383567","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the adsorption of two herbicides of different polarity, linuron and metamitron, by a mineral soil and two peats at different decomposition stages and determined Freundlich and distribution coefficients per unit of organic matter. The Freundlich adsorption constant (K1) was 20‐to 30‐fold higher in the case of linuron and 40‐to 90‐fold higher for metamitron for the organic materials (peats) than for the mineral soil, reflecting adsorption dependence on both organic matter content and type. The well‐decomposed peat showed the highest affinity for both herbicides. Hydro‐phobic bonding is suggested as a possible explanation. For linuron, the variation in K, was reduced to less than a twofold variation in Koc by normalizing adsorption to organic carbon, whereas for metamitron, Koc values were not constant, confirming that this parameter may be of little meaning for polar compounds.","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-05-01DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383563
D. Pinelli, F. Fava, M. Nocentini, G. Pasquali
The intrinsic depuration capability of a soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from a contaminated industrial site was evaluated in this study by using different aerobic batch bioreactors: a slurry‐phase bioreactor, a blade‐agitated bioreactor, and a rotary vessel bioreactor. For each bioreactor, the disappearance of 14 target PAHs and of the total extractable organic matter was monitored. The three treatments exhibited rapid and extensive removal of the PAHs, which disappeared at different degradation rates according to their molecular weight and aromaticity degree. PAHs with two, three, and four aromatic rings were degraded in sequence, with average rates that generally decreased as the number of molecule rings increased. A slight increase in the bacterial biomass concentration and significant CO2 production were also observed during the time course of the treatments. Among the three treatments, the slurry‐phase system provides the most effective and fastest removal of...
{"title":"Bioremediation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil by using different aerobic batch bioreactor systems","authors":"D. Pinelli, F. Fava, M. Nocentini, G. Pasquali","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383563","url":null,"abstract":"The intrinsic depuration capability of a soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from a contaminated industrial site was evaluated in this study by using different aerobic batch bioreactors: a slurry‐phase bioreactor, a blade‐agitated bioreactor, and a rotary vessel bioreactor. For each bioreactor, the disappearance of 14 target PAHs and of the total extractable organic matter was monitored. The three treatments exhibited rapid and extensive removal of the PAHs, which disappeared at different degradation rates according to their molecular weight and aromaticity degree. PAHs with two, three, and four aromatic rings were degraded in sequence, with average rates that generally decreased as the number of molecule rings increased. A slight increase in the bacterial biomass concentration and significant CO2 production were also observed during the time course of the treatments. Among the three treatments, the slurry‐phase system provides the most effective and fastest removal of...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":"6 1","pages":"243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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