Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

Purpose: In 2019, 31% and 14% of young women and men worldwide - respectively - reported being not engaged in employment, education, or training (NEET), an important indicator of long-term socioeconomic vulnerability. This study examined the developmental pathways leading to NEET status in young adulthood by investigating the association between perinatal adversities and NEET status and the mediating role of adolescent externalizing behaviours.

Methods: Data were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, n = 974). Latent class analysis identified four profiles of exposures to 30 perinatal adversities: Low adversity, the reference group; Fetal growth adversity, which includes participants experiencing adversity related to growth problems in utero and after birth; Delivery complications, which includes participants - or their mothers - who experience complications during birth; and Familial adversity, which includes participants who experienced adversity related to their family life. The associations between the perinatal profiles, NEET status - which was self-reported at age 21 years - and the putative mediating role of externalizing behavioural problems (self-reported at ages 15 and 17) were investigated using structural equation modeling.

Results: The risk of becoming NEET at age 21 was higher for children who experienced familial (OR = 3.19 [95% CI: 2.31-4.40], p < 0.001) and fetal growth (2.03 [1.11-3.71], p = 0.022) adversity. Externalizing behaviour problems mediated the association between familial adversity and NEET status (1.17 [1.05-1.30], p = 0.004).

Conclusion: Interventions targeting perinatal risk factors and adolescent mental health can contribute to efforts to prevent NEET status in young adulthood.

Background: Depression may be a contributing factor to cholelithiasis. However, the exact correlation between cholelithiasis and depression severity remains unclear.

Methods: First, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to validate previous research findings, utilizing separate datasets for major depressive disorder (MDD) and cholelithiasis. The MDD dataset (135,458 cases, 344,901 controls) came from a published GWAS, and cholelithiasis data (19,023 cases, 195,144 controls) were sourced from FinnGen. The primary analytical approach for the MR study was the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Second, an observational study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted to explore the relationship between the severity of depression and cholelithiasis. 7071 participants were included in the observational study in total. Depression severity (no, mild, moderate, severe) was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was employed to assess the association between depression severity and cholelithiasis.

Results: In the MR study, the IVW analysis revealed that MDD may increase the risk of cholelithiasis (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.45, P = 0.004). The observational study showed that moderate (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p = 0.037) and severe (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.15, p = 0.044) depression rises the incidence of cholelithiasis. However, no significant association was found between mild depression and cholelithiasis (p = 0.275).

Conclusions: Moderate and severe depression might rise the incidence of cholelithiasis, while mild depression may not. Further validation through prospective studies is necessary.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns had significant impacts on the well-being of populations globally, however, most COVID-19 mental health research has been done in high-income countries. This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 and lockdowns on the mental well-being of sequential groups of caregivers of adolescents in South Africa. We hypothesized that caregivers experienced worse mental, emotional and social health outcomes during the pandemic, compared to before its onset.

Methods: Longitudinal data from Wave 3 of the Asenze Cohort, conducted between 2019 and 2021, was used to estimate multivariable regressions to assess the association between pandemic lockdowns and caregiver social support networks, mental and physical health related quality of life, parenting stress, hazardous alcohol use, psychiatric disorder, and intimate partner violence.

Results: Results show that after the onset of the pandemic, caregivers experienced diminished social support networks, worse physical health related quality of life, and improvement in mental health related quality of life compared to before the pandemic. We observed no association between pandemic lockdowns with parenting stress, hazardous alcohol use, the presence of any psychiatric disorder, or experience of intimate partner violence.

Conclusion: This study shows the impact of COVID-19 and mandated lockdowns on caregiver social support, mental and physical health related quality of life among caregivers of adolescents in South Africa. Given the results, more research is needed to discern modifiable risk factors that can be intervened on to improve social support and physical health related quality of life, and to preserve mental health related quality of life.

Purpose: Suicide is one of the top ten leading causes of death for the general population and for members of the United States military. Despite substantial resources invested in preventing suicide in both civilian and governmental agencies, identifying effective approaches remains a challenge.

Methods: Consistent with the continued need to identify effective strategies, a military stakeholder requested a rapid review of suicide prevention programs which incorporated trained, non-provider personnel (e.g., case managers, care navigators). We found a lack of comprehensive reviews on this topic and developed an evidence map to characterize the current state of the research on case management programs for suicide prevention. The elements for this evidence map included characteristics and components of the relevant programs, role of the case manager, outcomes measured, and any indications of effectiveness.

Results: We included four systematic reviews and 30 articles representing 27 studies in this review. Case management as a service was applied differently across settings and populations and the results on suicide-related outcomes were mixed. Models or approaches with multiple studies showing some evidence of effectiveness included intensive case management (ICM) and multilevel, population-based programs. Other programs showed some evidence of effectiveness but were represented by just one study.

Conclusions: To help advance our understanding of the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs that incorporate case management, future studies should provide comprehensive descriptions of case management, including clear definitions of the service and descriptions of the role (e.g., educational background, specific tasks performed, duration, and type of patient involvement).

Purpose: Chinese adolescents are increasingly using multiple devices to engage in various Internet activities. This study examined whether the associations of diverse Internet device use and distinct activities with depression among Chinese adolescents differed by gender and geographical location.

Methods: We used data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a national survey conducted in 2020.

Results: Regarding gender differences, time spent on mobile devices and frequency of watching short videos were associated with higher levels of depression in girls, while the opposite was true for boys. Regarding geographical differences, moderate use of mobile devices (1-3 h per day) and desktop devices (< 1 h per day), including watching short videos and posting low-frequency on WeChat Moments, were associated with lower risk of depression among rural adolescents. Long-time desktop device use (> 1 h per day), playing online games, daily online learning, and posting high-frequency on WeChat Moments could increase their risk of depression. In contrast, desktop device usage and moderate mobile device use (1-3 h per day), represented by watching short videos and posting low-frequency on WeChat Moments, were related to depression among adolescents in provincial capitals, prefecture-level cities, or counties. Daily online learning, playing games, and posting WeChat Moments frequently could relieve their depression.

Conclusion: The risk factors for depression related to Internet device use and activity varied between adolescents across genders and geographical locations.

Purpose: Both social isolation and cognitive impairment are important public health issues that affect the quality of life of older adults. Our study aims to clarify the direction of their relationship and to illustrate the mediating role played by depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data from 5399 respondents who participated in three longitudinal surveys in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) were analyzed. Cross-lagged panel model was used to determine the longitudinal relationship between social isolation, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.

Results: After controlling for confounders, higher levels of social isolation predicted subsequent more severe cognitive function score (wave1-wave2: β = - 0.039, SE = 0.015, P = 0.009; wave2-wave3: β = - 0.057, SE = 0.017, P = 0.001), and 37.5% of this effect was mediated through depressive symptoms (β = - 0.002, SE = 0.001, P = 0.022). Similarly, lower cognitive function predicted subsequent higher social isolation (wave1-wave2: β = - 0.062, SE = 0.014, P < 0.001; wave2-wave3: β = - 0.039, SE = 0.015, P = 0.009), but depressive symptoms did not play a mediating role in this process (β = - 0.001, SE = 0.001, P = 0.072).

Conclusion: There is a potential bidirectional relationship between social isolation and cognitive function in which depressive symptoms play a partially mediating role.

Purpose: Despite the alarming prevalence of loneliness in adolescents, few studies addressed its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to investigate the association between loneliness and HRQOL in adolescents, as well as the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of age in this association.

Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 6743 middle school adolescents, assessing loneliness with the 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale and HRQOL through the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation among the main variables. A moderated mediation analysis was established to evaluate the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of age in the association between loneliness and HRQOL.

Results: Of the participating adolescents, 25.0% (1687) reported experiencing high-level loneliness. The findings revealed a significant association between loneliness and lower scores across all HRQOL dimensional and summary scales. Specifically, with every additional point in loneliness scores, the HRQOL total scale scores changed by -2.06 (95% CI: -2.13 to -2.00) points. Depressive symptoms were identified as a partial mediator, with mediation effects ranging from 24.31% for social functioning to 62.50% for school functioning. Additionally, age negatively moderated the link between loneliness and depressive symptoms in above mediation model.

Conclusions: The link between loneliness and poorer HRQOL in adolescents highlighted the need to prioritize this vulnerable group. Our findings also indicated the importance of addressing depressive symptoms and age differences among lonely adolescents to preserve their HRQOL.

Purpose: Mental health issues were the fourth leading cause of disease burden in Australia in 2022. About 30% of Australia's population are migrants, whose mental health is poorly understood. We aimed to report the prevalence and risk factors of common mental health issues among non-refugee migrants in Australia.

Methods: We reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024 on mental health issues amongst migrants in Australia following the Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results: Out of 3122 titles retrieved on mental health issues among migrants in Australia, 30 papers were selected. Migrants from Greece reported the highest prevalence (43.1%) of anxiety disorders than Australian-born (15.8%). The highest prevalence of psychological distress and depression were found amongst migrants from Lebanon (33%) and China (19%), respectively. Migrants from North-Africa, the Middle East, Italy, Greece, and Europe experienced a higher prevalence of psychological distress (18.2-21.9%) than Australian-born (12.4%). Prevalence of depression was higher among migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds (19.7% vs. 10%), Sub-Saharan Africa (18.8% vs. 9.3%), Italy (18% vs. 10%), Greece (17.1% vs. 4.1%), and China (10% vs. 3%), compared to Australian-born people, respectively. The way that risk factors were reported differed across studies. Anxiety disorders were associated with higher stress (p < 0.05), unemployment (OR 1.8, 95%CI:1.4-2.4), female gender (OR 2.13, 95%CI:1.64-2.76) unmarried status (p < 0.01) and poor physical health status (OR 7.35, 95%CI:3.86-14.01). Psychological distress was associated with being a single woman (OR 6.54, 95%CI:1.18-35.3), holding a temporary visa (p < 0.01), being economically inactive (p < 0.01) and having rare contact with friends (AOR 2.083, p < 0.001). Depression was associated with migrants who were never married (OR 4.11, 95%CI:1.59-10.65), younger or older (p < 0.001), female (OR 2.3, 95%CI:1.9-2.7), from non-English speaking countries (OR 2.41, 95%CI:1.14-5.10) and reported poor physical health (OR 3.55, 95%CI:1.60-7.88).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of mental health issues among non-refugee migrants necessitates revisiting strategies to tailor interventions appropriate for their mental health needs.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine prospective associations between screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescents, and the extent to which problematic screen use (characterized by addiction, conflict, relapse, and withdrawal) mediates the association.

Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 9,243; ages 10-11 years in Year 1 in 2017-2019; 48.8% female; 44.0% racial/ethnic minority). Participants reported daily time spent on six different screen subtypes. Linear regression analyses were used to determine associations between typical daily screen time (Year 1; total and subtypes) and manic symptoms (Year 3, 7 Up Mania scale), adjusting for potential confounders. Sleep duration, problematic social media use, and problematic video game use (Year 2) were tested as potential mediators.

Results: Adjusting for covariates, overall typical daily screen time in Year 1 was prospectively associated with higher manic symptoms in Year 3 (B = 0.05, 95% CI 0.03, 0.07, p < 0.001), as were four subtypes: social media (B = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.32, p = 0.001), texting (B = 0.18, 95%CI 0.08, 0.28, p < 0.001), videos (B = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08, 0.19, p < 0.001), and video games (B = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04, 0.14, p = 0.001). Problematic social media use, video game use, and sleep duration in Year 2 were found to be significant partial mediators (47.7%, 58.0%, and 9.0% mediation, respectively).

Conclusion: Results indicate significant prospective relationships between screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescence and highlight problematic screen use, video game use, and sleep duration as potential mediators. Problematic screen use may be a target for mental health prevention and early intervention efforts among adolescents.

Purpose: Recent changes in the cannabis market, including decreased adolescence usage, increased Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels and rising mental disorders over the last decade raises questions about the changing profile of cannabis consumers.

Methods: This study explores the trends of associations between regular cannabis use and mental health in five waves of a national representative survey of 17-year-old French adolescents, including more than 150,000 participants. Multivariable models, adjusted for gender and socioeconomic variables, were used.

Results: Cannabis use and mental health indicators showed some variations over time, with increasing divergence between 2017 and 2022. Regular use of cannabis decreased from 7.4% in 2008 to 3.8% in 2022 (p < 0.001). In contrast, suicidal ideation in the past year increased from 16% in 2008 to 18% in 2022 (p = 0.009), although it followed a U-shaped trend. The association between regular cannabis use and suicidal ideation in the past year increased from 1.44 (CI: 1.29-1.61) in 2008 to 2.52 (CI: 2.05-3.10) in 2022. Similarly, the association between cannabis use and antidepressant use in the past year increased from 2.57 (CI: 2.18-3.03) in 2008 to 4.47 (CI: 3.35-5.97) in 2022.

Conclusion: These results suggest that cannabis users are now more prone to mental health disorders compared to 15 years ago. Several mechanisms might explain these findings, including the self-selection of a population with both vulnerabilities, changes in the effects of cannabis, or the use of cannabis as a self-medication strategy.