Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

This study addresses the urgent need for culturally sensitive cognitive assessments in Egypt by validating an adapted version of Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) to the Egyptian context. This version is to be used as a part of the Egyptian Aging Survey (AL-SEHA). We enrolled 300 participants aged 55 + from diverse backgrounds and meticulously adapted the HCAP for Egypt's linguistic and cultural context. Demonstrating strong reliability and validity (sensitivity 87.6%, specificity 89.2%, accuracy 89.7%), the Egyptian HCAP effectively identified cognitive impairment. Integrated into the AL-SEHA, this validated HCAP offers valuable insights on cognitive function decline in Egypt's aging population. Our findings not only contribute to global understanding of cognitive health but also set a precedent for future cross-cultural HCAP validations, informing policies and early diagnosis for dementia care.

Background: Since 2015, ~ 8 million Venezuelans have fled what was once Latin America's most prosperous nation, with many relocating to nearby Colombia and others migrating to the United States (U.S.). Emerging research suggests that migration-related cultural stress is a challenge for Venezuelans and is related to an increased risk of mental health problems. However, it remains uncertain how cultural stress and mental health outcomes manifest over time and across countries.

Methods: We use independent sample t-tests to compare survey data from multiple studies of Venezuelan migrants in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia, and the U.S. State of Florida. Data collected include self-report measures on discrimination, negative context of reception (NCR), and depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening diagnoses, collected from distinct cross-national cohorts in 2017 (N = 638) and 2023-2024 (N = 1241).

Results: Self-reported NCR and discrimination were consistently higher among Venezuelan migrants in Colombia than among Venezuelans in Florida. Levels of cultural stress within countries were variable, with NCR decreasing across years in Florida and discrimination increasing in both Florida and Colombia. Many Venezuelan migrants reported symptoms of mental health problems, with half of the sample in Colombia (54-56%) and two-fifths of the sample in Florida (39-41%) screening positive for depression in 2017 and 2023-2024. Individuals exposed to higher levels of cultural stress were substantially more likely to screen positive for depression and PTSD.

Conclusions: This study is the first to examine cultural stress and mental health among Venezuelan migrants across national contexts and different stages of the still-unfolding international migration crisis.

Purpose: To estimate the time trend in the prevalence of suicidal behaviors including ideation and attempts in Chinese adolescents; to examine the association between suicidal behaviors and overweight (OW)/obesity (OB) and self-perceived weight status.

Methods: Data from Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted in Ningbo in 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2022 were used for the study. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents aged 12 to 19 years who participated in each survey. Repeated cross-sectional data of anthropometry, weight perception and suicidal behaviors were collected through self-administered questionnaires. A generalized linear model was used to assess associations of ideation and attempts, and weight status and self-perceived weight status.

Results: The sample sizes for each survey wave were 937, 889, 1528 and 2655. The prevalence of ideation increased from 11.95% in 2007 to 18.15% in 2022, while the prevalence of attempts remained stable (4.48%-4.26%). An increasing trend in ideation and attempts was found in adolescents who were OW/obese and self-perceived OW/OB from 2007 to 2022. Self-perceived OW/OB adolescents had a significant increase in ideation. Girls had higher likelihood of ideation and attempts for both weight status and self- perceived weight status. While, adolescents aged 12.0-15.9 years had higher odds of ideation than those aged 16.0-19.9 years.

Conclusion: Adolescents' self-weight perception, rather than actual weight status, is a critical risk factor of increased likelihood of ideation and attempts in Chinese adolescents. Our findings can support to promote self-esteem growth in school-based health education programmes for prevention of suicidality and psychological health problems.

Purpose: Recent evidence shows that loneliness is associated with socioeconomic factors. However, studies often focus on traditional socioeconomic indicators (income, occupation, educational level) only, disregarding other important socioeconomic determinants, such as job insecurity, housing conditions or material deprivation. Therefore, we analyse the association of a broad range of socioeconomic indicators with loneliness. Moreover, we investigate potential age and gender differences in this relationship.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Barcelona Health Survey 2021, representative of the population of Barcelona (Spain). Individuals over the age of 14 were selected (n = 3,337). The outcome was a loneliness score based on 4 items of the UCLA scale. Loneliness was regressed on a series of sociodemographic and emerging socioeconomic correlates. Linear regression models were fitted, and potential age and gender moderation effects were tested by means of two-way interactions.

Results: Job insecurity and precarity-related factors, such as having a temporary job or working without a contract, material deprivation and financial difficulties, as well as poor housing conditions and facing housing insecurity were associated with increased loneliness levels. While the association between loneliness and precarity-related factors is stronger among younger individuals, material deprivation is associated with increased loneliness among older workers and women.

Conclusion: Beyond sociodemographic individual characteristics, socioeconomic factors are strongly associated with loneliness levels in the population. Findings support the relevance of broadening the scope of socioeconomic indicators, assessing both material conditions as well as perceived insecurity.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the masculine norm of self-reliance and suicidal thoughts among Australian men, hypothesising that lack of help-seeking might mediate the relationship between high self-reliance and the emergence of suicidal thoughts.

Methods: This study used data from on the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health 'Ten to Men', a prospective longitudinal cohort study that began in 2013/2014 with boys and men aged 10-55 years (N = 16,021) at wave 1. The focus was on men who participated in waves 1 and 2 (2013/2014, 2015/2016) and had linked administrative data. A causal mediation analysis was conducted to quantify the total effect of self-reliance at wave 1 on suicidal thoughts at wave 2, and to investigate the extent of mediation by help-seeking between waves 1 and 2.

Results: High self-reliance was associated with an increased odds of suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.24-1.72). However, there was no significant mediating effect of a lack of help-seeking on the relationship between self-reliance and suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that highly self-reliant men are at an increased risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts; however, this relationship is not explained by lack of help-seeking. Future studies could explore other potential mechanisms to better understand why highly self-reliant men are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts.

Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a public health concern and the high rates among adolescents and females warrant continuous monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine trends in DSH rates by gender and age in Denmark during 2000-2021 using joinpoint regression analysis.

Methods: A cohort design was applied to national register data on all individuals aged 10 + years living in Denmark during 2000-2021. DSH episodes were identified in somatic and psychiatric hospital data. Sex- and age-specific incidence rates (IR) were calculated by calendar years. Using joinpoint regression analyses, segments of change and their annual percent change (APC) were identified.

Results: The highest DSH rates were observed for males and females aged 19-24 years with IRs of 146.8 (95% CI 142.9-150.7) and 378.6 (95% CI 372.1-385.0) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Major changes in DSH rates were found for the youngest age groups. A step decrease was found for males aged 19-24 years (-18.4; 95% CI -31.9- -2.3; p = < 0.030) during 2012 to 2015. A significant decline was observed during 2012-2016 for females aged 19-24 years (-18.9; 95% CI -26.8 - -10.2; p = 0.001). Poisoning was the most frequently used method.

Conclusion: Seemingly, the financial recession in 2008 did not affect Danish DSH rates. Significant declines were observed for females in the years where means restrictive measures had been installed; thus, supporting their potential effect. Fluctuations in DSH rates among adolescents and young adults in recent years underscore the importance of continued monitoring.

Purpose: To assess the risk of acute infections in patients with first ever diagnosed depression compared to patients with no diagnosed depression in a primary-care database.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the UK CPRD GOLD database (2000-2019). We identified patients aged 18 years or older with a recorded Read code for depression (cohort entry date) and compared them to patients with no Read codes for depression using risk set sampling. Comparison groups were frequency-matched on age and sex, and comparison patients were required to have ≥ 1 general practitioner (GP) contact within 14 days before cohort entry. The primary outcome was a composite of outpatient diagnosed acute infections, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital infections and septicemia) within the two-years after cohort entry. We applied propensity score fine stratification and estimated incidence rates and IR ratios (IRR) using negative binomial regression.

Results: In a weighted population of 285,922 patients with diagnosed depression and 285,921 comparison patients, the IR of acute infections was 97.3/1000 person-years (py) in patients with and 83.7/1000 py in patients with no diagnosed depression. The weighted IRR of acute infection was 1.18 (95% CI 1.16-1.20) comparing those with and with no diagnosed depression. Excluding patients with baseline comorbidities yielded an IRR even closer to the null: 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04-1.09).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with diagnosed depression are not at a meaningfully increased risk of acute infections compared to patients with no diagnosed depression. Slightly increased overall relative risks of infections can be explained by residual differences in health care utilization and by the severity of comorbidities.

Purpose and objective: Anxiety poses a significant challenge for women of reproductive age globally, often leading to other mental health issues. However, research on anxiety prevalence among this demographic, particularly in Nepal, remains scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying demographic, biological, and behavioral predictors of anxiety among reproductive-aged women in Nepal.

Method: Using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022, this study employed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale to assess anxiety prevalence. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including one-way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression, were utilized for identifying the potential predictors of anxiety.

Result: This study found that 22.2% of reproductive-aged women in Nepal experience moderate to severe anxiety. The stepwise multiple regression revealed seven most influential factors, with depression (mild, moderate, severe) being the most influential predictor of anxiety, explaining 51.8% of the variance (R square change = 0.518; Sig. =<0.001). Self-reported health status (R square change = 0.010; Sig.=<0.001), experienced emotional violence (R square change = 0.007; Sig.=<0.001), and pregnancy termination (R square change = 0.002; Sig.=0.001) accounted for 1.0%, 0.7%, and 0.2% of the variance in anxiety, respectively. Other significant predictors of anxiety included husband's alcohol consumption, genital discharge, and household wealth status.

Conclusion: Anxiety is substantially prevalent among reproductive-aged women in Nepal, with sociodemographic factors playing a crucial role. Further research is needed to develop targeted socioeconomic, and behavioral interventions aimed at addressing anxiety and its broader impact on daily life, thereby ensuring the mental well-being of women of reproductive age.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the associations between experiences of racial discrimination within communities with suicide mortality rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Methods: Age-standardised suicide rates (ASRs) were calculated using suicides recorded by the Queensland Suicide Register (QSR) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland from 2009 to 2015. Rate Ratios (RRs) were used to compare ASRs in areas with high and low levels of reported discrimination, and other comparative community-level risk and protective factors (remoteness, socio-economic resources, and Indigenous language use).

Results: The age-standardised suicide rate was 31.74 deaths per 100 000 persons/year for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for the years 2009-2015. ASRs were significantly higher in areas where more of the First Nations residents experienced recent discrimination (RR = 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.70, p = 0.02), and the age-specific suicide rate was significantly higher for those aged 25-34 in areas with more discrimination (RR = 1.67; 95%CI = 1.04-2.74, p = 0.03). By comparison, the ASRs were not significantly higher in areas with regional and remote communities (RR = 1.10, CI 95%=0.75-1.61, p = 0.60), or areas with lower socioeconomic resources (RR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.66-1.13, p = 0.28). Areas in which more First Nations residents spoke Indigenous languages had significantly lower ASRs (RR = 0.71; CI95%=0.53-0.95, p = 0.02).

Conclusion: Suicide mortality rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland were influenced by experiences of racial discrimination within communities and Indigenous language use, with greater associations reported than with socio-economic resources or remoteness. The findings reflect the public health risk of discrimination and provide evidence for enacting strategies to reduce institutional and personal discrimination to reduce suicide.