Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

Purpose: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and concurrent psychiatric comorbidities have been thoroughly investigated but less is known on how ADHD symptoms predict subsequent psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to examine whether ADHD symptoms in adolescence predict adult psychiatric disorders in a longitudinal unselected population-based cohort.

Methods: The study is based on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (N = 9432), in which ADHD symptoms had been measured with the parent-filled Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviours (SWAN) questionnaire at the age of 16 years. Adult psychiatric disorders were retrieved from the nationwide registers up to age 35 years. The population was divided into tertiles based on ADHD symptoms and the correlations between middle and highest tertiles and certain later psychiatric disorders were examined with logistic regression analyses, taking family type, parents' education and adolescent-reported psychiatric symptoms as covariates.

Results: Among females, ADHD symptoms in adolescence predicted later anxiety and depressive disorders in both the crude and adjusted models for the middle and highest tertiles and substance use disorders in the highest tertile. The highest risk was associated with substance use disorders. In males, only anxiety disorders could be predicted for the middle and highest tertiles in all the analyses.

Conclusions: ADHD symptoms in adolescence predict multiple psychiatric disorders among females and anxiety disorders among males. ADHD symptoms should be addressed as soon as they appear even if they do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. More research needs to be done into this question.

Purpose: While transgender and non-binary (TNB) people face stress and oppressions placing them at greater risk of depression and anxiety compared to cisgender people, little research has explored mental health differences between subgroups. Drawing on an intersectionality framework, which examines how oppressive forces interact to impact health, this study investigated intersecting factors associated with mental health outcomes among TNB people in Canada.

Methods: Data were from Trans PULSE Canada's 2019 community-based, national survey of health and wellbeing among TNB people. Respondents reported sociodemographic characteristics, sex work history, disability, neurodiversity, sense of belonging in TNB spaces, and mental health. We conducted three conditional inference tree analyses to determine the combinations of social factors that predict depression, anxiety, and thriving.

Results: Analyses included 2058 respondents (Mean age = 31.1, SD = 11.1). Reporting age 16-49 years, physical/visible disability, sex work history, and/or lower socioeconomic status generally predicted poorer mental health. Among respondents below the low-income threshold, a sense of belonging in TNB spaces was associated with more thriving, but only if they were not autistic. For individuals with physical/visible disability, a sense of belonging predicted greater thriving and less depression.

Conclusion: Results highlight intersecting social and structural factors associated with increased risk of poor mental health among specific groups of TNB people, including lower socioeconomic status and/or a physical/visible disability, or being < 50 with a history of sex work. Individuals with better mental health reported more belonging in TNB spaces, which may suggest that sense of belonging in TNB spaces is protective.

Trial registration: Not applicable.

Background: Grief, a universally experienced response to death of a loved one, carries distinct emotional and behavioral dimensions. This study examines the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Arabic adaptation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), along with mediation pathways between emotional distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) and grief dimensions, moderated by resilience, life satisfaction, and religiosity.

Method: Data were collected from a sample of 423 Arabic-speaking adults residing in Libya and affected by the Libyan wars, ranging in age from 18 to 52 years (M = 29.93, SD = 6.73) RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, cognitive/emotional symptoms. Convergent validity showed significant positive correlations between ICG scores and measures of psychological distress (anxiety, r = .24; depression, r = .22). Discriminant validity was confirmed through negligible associations with resilience (r = -.25) and satisfaction with life (r = -.12). Mediation analyses identified resilience as a significant mediator in pathways from distress to grief symptoms (anxiety to cognitive/emotional symptoms via resilience, estimate = .13, p = .023). Satisfaction with life and religiosity displayed limited indirect effects, underscoring the dominant role of resilience.

Conclusion: These findings reinforce the suitability of the Arabic ICG as a reliable tool for assessing grief in Arabic-speaking populations, while highlighting the protective role of resilience in grief management. Implications extend to culturally sensitive interventions and resilience-building therapeutic approaches.

Purpose: To assess the burden of anxiety disorders in the elderly and temporal trends at global, regional, and national levels during 1990-2021.

Methods: Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of anxiety disorders in the elderly over 60 years old were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percentage changes were determined to analyze the trends in age-standardized rates between 1990 and 2021. Correlation between age-standardized rates and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was assessed using Spearman's rank-correlation analysis. We used a meta-regression model to estimate the incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: In 2021, 4.49 million incident cases, 53.07 million prevalent cases, and 5.83 million DALYs were estimated in the elderly worldwide. The age-standardized incidence rate of anxiety disorders in older adults increased slightly, while prevalence and DALY rates remained stable. Middle SDI regions had the highest number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs, with the highest age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates in high SDI regions. Age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of anxiety disorders were higher among elderly women than men. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence rate of anxiety disorders among older adults rose by 7.82%, while prevalence and DALY rates increased by approximately 6%.

Conclusion: Over the past three decades, the increasing burden of anxiety disorders among older adults has significantly added to the global mental health challenges. This burden is intensified by socioeconomic factors, especially in middle SDI regions, and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Adolescents frequently experience symptoms of mental disorders (SOMD) and engage in health risk behaviors (HRB), both of which significantly contribute to global disability and mortality. Despite this, data on these issues remain limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Vietnam. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of SOMD and HRB and examine their associations among high school students in Vietnam.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3,025 students from four high schools and four continuing education centers across Ho Chi Minh City. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing demographic information, HRB (using the YBRS scale), and SOMD (using the DASS-21 screening scale). SOMD assessments focused on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress rather than clinical diagnoses, while HRB covered substance use, risk-taking, physical fighting, suicidal ideation, unsafe sexual behaviors, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and sleep deprivation.

Results: Of the 2,631 students included in the analysis, prevalence rates were 42.6% for symptoms of depression, 50.3% for symptoms of anxiety, and 31.1% for symptoms of stress. Engagement in HRB varied widely, from 4.0% for unsafe sexual behaviors to 79.9% for physical inactivity, with 91.6% reporting involvement in multiple HRB. Students experiencing SOMD were significantly more likely to engage in HRB compared to those without SOMD, with odds ratios ranging from 1.24 to 4.64.

Conclusion: SOMD and HRB represent dual and interrelated challenges among Vietnamese adolescents, underscored by their high prevalence. These findings emphasize the critical need for integrated interventions addressing both mental health symptoms and health risk behaviors, especially in resource-constrained LMIC settings.

Purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex condition that can have negative outcomes for mothers, children, and their families and may affect mothers' quality of life (QoL(. This study examined the impact of PPD symptoms (PPDs) on QoL among mothers in the first year postpartum, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations, specifically Arab women, and comparing them with Jewish mothers in Israel.

Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 601 mothers (478 Jewish, 123 Arab), up to 12 months postpartum. The questionnaire battery included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the WHOQoL-BREF Assessment (QoL). Elevated PPD symptoms were defined as EPDS ≥ 13. Statistical analysis included bivariate associations and multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with QoL, adjusted for sociodemographic and obstetric variables.

Results: The prevalence of PPDs in this sample was 23.8%, with 21% among Jewish and 33% among Arab mothers. PPDs were significantly associated with QoL, with higher EPDS scores correlating with lower QoL scores. Ethnicity also showed a significant association with QoL, with Arab mothers reporting lower QoL. Additionally, low income, unemployed mothers, and those experiencing obstetric complications reported significantly lower QoL.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of PPD to improve postpartum QoL. The observed disparities underscore the need for culturally tailored interventions to address ethnic differences. Future research should develop targeted strategies addressing psychological and socioeconomic factors in vulnerable populations effected by PPD.

Purpose: Food insecurity is increasingly linked with disordered eating. However, studies have not yet explored impacts of childhood food insecurity on disordered eating in adolescence. This study examined the links between patterns of childhood food insecurity and adolescent disordered eating.

Methods: Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort in the UK (6,723 participants; 55.7% girls). Food insecurity was reported by mothers from pregnancy to age 7. Disordered eating was reported by adolescents at ages 14, 16, and 18.

Results: Most participants experienced no food insecurity throughout childhood (n = 5,801, 77.9%), followed by low food insecurity (n = 416, 12.4%), time-limited food insecurity (n = 292, 6.0%), and persistent food insecurity (n = 214, 3.7%). At age 14 adolescents in the time-limited food insecurity group had higher odds of binge eating (OR = 1.63, p = .040), and those in the persistent food insecurity group had higher odds of compensatory behaviours compared those in the no food insecurity group (OR = 1.72, p = .025). No significant associations were observed with disordered eating at age 16. At age 18 adolescents in the time-limited food insecurity group compared to the no food insecurity group had higher odds of compensatory behaviours (OR = 1.68, p = .041).

Conclusions: Findings showed that childhood food insecurity was linked with higher odds of disordered eating in adolescence. Interestingly, associations were observed for those experiencing either time-limited or persistent food insecurity, highlighting the potential impact of early childhood experiences.

Purpose: The death of a loved one is one of life's most ubiquitous events that can increase risk of mental health difficulties. Bereavement support is one of the few factors influencing grief-related mental health outcomes that can be modified after bereavement. This study sought to determine the proportion of bereaved people that want and receive support from different sources following a bereavement, and the bereavement and mental health-related factors associated with wanting and receiving bereavement support.

Methods: Data was derived from a cross-sectional survey of bereaved adults (n = 1170) living in Ontario, Canada.

Results: Over a third of the sample (38.9%; n = 455) reported wanting support in coping with their loss. These individuals exhibited distinct loss-related characteristics and reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief symptoms. Most of these individuals received support and a small number of participants who didn't want support received it regardless. The most common sources of support were family members, friends, and other bereaved individuals, and these sources were generally found to be helpful. Those who accessed multiple types of support were those with the highest levels of anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief symptoms.

Conclusion: Most individuals wanting support after a loss can access it and find it beneficial. The desire for support is closely tied to psychological distress, highlighting the need to prioritize formal support for those in distress and rely on existing social networks for those who are not. Such an approach embodies an 'assets-based' bereavement model, enhancing community capacity for effective support provision.