Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

Purpose: There is a lack of multigenerational research on the extent to which mental health is informed by transmission of multiple disadvantages across previous generations. This study aims to investigate how family socioeconomic and psychosocial disadvantages cluster and transition over grandparental and parental generations, and how this might be associated with grandchild psychiatric disorders.

Methods: We utilized a cohort study with data following three generations from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, including 11,299 individuals born in 1953 (parental generation), their 22,598 parents (grandparental generation), and 24,707 adult children (grandchild generation). Family disadvantages as exposures were measured across two periods- grandparental adulthood (parental childhood) and parental adulthood (grandchild childhood), and included socioeconomic (i.e., low income, non-employment, overcrowding, and single parenthood) and psychosocial aspects (i.e., single parenthood, teenage motherhood, psychiatric disorders, and criminality of father). Psychiatric disorders in the adult grandchildren as outcome were defined by hospitalizations with a main or contributing diagnosis reflecting mental and behavioral disorders from age 18 until 2019.

Results: Multiple disadvantages within the grandparental and parental generations, respectively, predicted higher probabilities of grandchild psychiatric disorders. Multigenerational transmission is evident in that grandchildren with combinations of grandparental socioeconomic disadvantages and parental psychosocial disadvantages had comparably high probabilities of psychiatric disorders. Importantly, improved socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances across previous generations predicted comparably low probabilities of grandchild psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion: Mental health of future generations is informed by the transmission of multiple disadvantages across previous generations, and the transition from grandparental socioeconomic disadvantages into parental psychosocial disadvantages is particularly important.

Purpose: Mental health data are crucial for understanding trends in psychological distress. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe surveys of representative samples of the Australian household population that measured psychological distress, and to provide a case study illustrating how datasets can be systematically summarized to assist researchers to more easily identify available datasets.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and data archives for surveys state or nationally representative of the Australian household population that assessed psychological distress.

Results: We provide a searchable metadata database characterizing 283 identified datasets from 41 studies (25 cross-sectional, 16 longitudinal) conducted between 1989 and 2023. Thirty-nine psychological distress instruments were used, with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) [1] most common (n = 114 datasets). Surveys also frequently measured demographics, physical health, and socioeconomic information. Stratified random sampling of geographic areas was the most common sampling frame, and adults the most frequently sampled group. There was notably less representation of important subgroups of the population, including youth, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and people with disabilities, despite evidence of high distress prevalence in these groups.

Conclusions: This review provides valuable metadata summarizing available psychological distress datasets, including information on sampling designs, instrumentation, and covariates. This metadata is available to other researchers, enabling efficient identification of relevant datasets, promoting data sharing, and supporting future data integration. This method for systematically compiling metadata can be replicated for data related to other topics important to public health to facilitate greater data utilization.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns had significant impacts on the well-being of populations globally, however, most COVID-19 mental health research has been done in high-income countries. This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 and lockdowns on the mental well-being of sequential groups of caregivers of adolescents in South Africa. We hypothesized that caregivers experienced worse mental, emotional and social health outcomes during the pandemic, compared to before its onset.

Methods: Longitudinal data from Wave 3 of the Asenze Cohort, conducted between 2019 and 2021, was used to estimate multivariable regressions to assess the association between pandemic lockdowns and caregiver social support networks, mental and physical health related quality of life, parenting stress, hazardous alcohol use, psychiatric disorder, and intimate partner violence.

Results: Results show that after the onset of the pandemic, caregivers experienced diminished social support networks, worse physical health related quality of life, and improvement in mental health related quality of life compared to before the pandemic. We observed no association between pandemic lockdowns with parenting stress, hazardous alcohol use, the presence of any psychiatric disorder, or experience of intimate partner violence.

Conclusion: This study shows the impact of COVID-19 and mandated lockdowns on caregiver social support, mental and physical health related quality of life among caregivers of adolescents in South Africa. Given the results, more research is needed to discern modifiable risk factors that can be intervened on to improve social support and physical health related quality of life, and to preserve mental health related quality of life.

Purpose: This longitudinal cohort study evaluates whether lifestyle and psychosocial factors are associated with psychological resilience at two time points of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we investigated the mediating role of perceived stress on these associations.

Methods: A total of 677 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Based on the Reliable Change Index (RCI), HADS trajectories were defined at two intervals: (1) pre-pandemic-confinement (follow-up = 2,28 ± 0,84 years); (2) confinement-post-confinement (follow-up = 1,49 ± 0,12 years). Then, 4 trajectory groups were defined: Psychological Resilience (n = 448, stable or improve at both intervals), Descending (n = 84, stable/improve [interval 1]-worsen [interval 2]), Recovery (n = 59, worsening [interval 1], improvement [interval 2] ) and Non-resilient (n = 86, worsening at both intervals). Logistic regression models (LRM) were applied considering lifestyle (physical and leisure activities, sleep) and psychosocial factors (social relationships and emotional support) as predictors of psychological resilience trajectory (i.e., outcome) at both intervals. Finally, mediation analyses were carried out to test the effect of perceived stress on the relationships between the predictive factors and psychological resilience.

Results: Our finding showed that most participants followed a psychological resilient trajectory (66,1%). LRMs indicated that higher physical activity level, a greater number of social interactions and longer sleep duration were significantly associated with a psychological resilience trajectory both at confinement and at the 1.5 years follow-up. Lastly, the mediation analyses suggested that these factors influence psychological resilience through the mitigation of perceived stress.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the role of physical activity, social interactions and sleep quality to strengthen individuals' capacity to cope with stress during prolonged crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These lifestyle and psychological factors may be valuable targets for public health strategies aimed to prevent mental health problems.

Background: The comorbidity mechanisms between ADHD symptoms and Internet addiction are not yet clear, and network analysis provides a new perspective for clarifying this research question.

Aim: Therefore, this study employed a cross-lagged panel network model to examine how specific symptom levels of ADHD and Internet addiction interact.

Method: A total of 732 Chinese adolescents (55.6% girls, Mage = 13.95 years, SD = 1.55) completed assessments at three time points spaced six months apart.

Results: Between 4.51 and 6.83% of participants showed severe Internet issues, and 8.06-9.97% fell into the ADHD abnormal range across the three time points. The results of the contemporaneous network indicated that the bridge symptom at all three-time points was "Inattention". The results of the temporal network showed: (1) the core symptoms responsible for the comorbidity mostly belong to ADHD symptoms; (2) the comorbidity mechanisms change over time, with the most predictive bridge symptom being "Hyperactivity" in the T1 to T2 network, and changing to "Inattention" in the T2 to T3 network. In addition, "Excessive use" was the most vulnerable symptom.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that hyperactivity in early adolescence and inattention at later stages may serve as temporal risk indicators for Internet addiction, and that interventions targeting these symptoms could be worthy of further investigation.

Background: Mental disorders pose significant morbidity and mortality risks globally. Despite this, research on mental health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is scarce, hindered by social stigmas and limited healthcare expenditure. This study, utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, aims to address this gap by examining the prevalence, incidence, and demographic patterns of mental disorders in MENA.

Methods: This ecological study draws on the GBD data to assess the prevalence and burden of mental disorders and substance abuse across the MENA region from 1990 to 2019. Utilizing age-standardized rates of prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), we examine the evolving burden of mental disorders, variations among MENA countries, and trends in associated risk factors by age and gender.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the MENA region witnessed varying trends in mental disorders. The age-standardized prevalence rate in 2019 was 14,938 per 100,000 individuals, experiencing a 2.1% decrease overall. However, all-age prevalence surged by 86.2%. Disorders like schizophrenia and depressive disorders exhibited substantial increases, contrasting with a 128.1% rise in substance use disorders. Temporal analysis revealed fluctuations in DALY trends, capturing the dynamic nature of mental health burdens over time. Risk factors, including bullying victimization and intimate partner violence, underwent shifts, reflecting changing contributors to mental health burden.

Conclusion(s): Despite a decrease in age-standardized prevalence rates in 2019, the substantial all-age prevalence rise demands attention. Temporal analysis unraveled nuanced trends, emphasizing the complex interplay of sociocultural factors. The shifting prominence of risk factors underscores the dynamic nature of mental health burdens, necessitating region-specific interventions that address both prevalence patterns and contributing factors. Future research should delve into the specific sociocultural determinants influencing the observed trends, allowing for tailored interventions to mitigate the burden of mental health disorders in the MENA region.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global population was exposed to a significant psychological stress, which had an impact on the mental health in individuals with pre-existing mental disorders. Despite their heightened vulnerability, subgroups within this population demonstrated resilient outcomes throughout the pandemic. This study aims to identify predictors of long-term, sustained resilient outcomes among people with a history of mental disorder during the first two years of the pandemic.

Methods: In this international 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal online survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the PTSD Checklist DSM-5 were used for a proxy measure of psychological distress. As possible predictors of sustained resilient outcomes, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics, economic and housing status, pandemic-related issues, chronic diseases, social support, fear of contamination and personal values which were investigated respectively through the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Data were analysed with a Mover-Stayer Latent Transition Analysis model.

Results: Nine-hundred and forty-three participants with a mental disorder were included in the analysis. Variables associated with a higher chance of sustained resilient outcomes were older age, maintaining a job, and having more people in the household. In contrast, female gender, losing job, difficulty in meeting basic needs, higher fear of contamination, hedonism, less social support and loneliness resulted in a lower likelihood of presenting sustained resilient outcomes.

Conclusion: This study identified factors that predictsustained resilience in people with mental disorders. The newly discovered predictors could prove invaluable in developing strategies to enhance the resilience of people with mental disorders during times of crises, such as pandemics.

Purpose: In recent decades, the prevalence of mental health problems among children and young people (CYP) has increased. It is unclear whether this increase in prevalence has also led to changes in health care utilization for these problems in general practice (GP). We therefore investigated time trends in incidence and consultation rates for eight mental health problems in CYP in Dutch general practice.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal population-based study using a GP-database (Rijnmond Primary Care Database) between 2016 and 2022. We extracted monthly data on mental health problems in CYP (0-24 years) in general practice. Using negative binomial models, we calculated trends for GP-registered incidence and consultation rates for different age and sex categories for the complete study period and for the period before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Consultation rates of all eight mental health problems increased significantly over time. Additionally, incidence rates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depressive problems in both sexes, and anxiety problems in females increased significantly. Although we observed a decrease in incidence and consultations in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, overall trends did not differ from pre-pandemic trends.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest an increasing workload for GPs for mental health problems in CYP. These observations imply the need for policymakers and GP-councils to develop new strategies which deal with these trends to ensure appropriate support and resources in the future.

Purpose: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying are serious public health concerns that influence child, adolescent, and adult health. This study aims to provide updated estimate of age- and sex- specific deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with CSA and bullying from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels, and to forecast the global burden of disease attributed to it from 2020 to 2035.

Methods: We used the data for the number of deaths, DALYs, age-standardized rate (per 100,000 population), percentage change, and population attributable fraction (PAF) from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to assess the disease burden attributable to CSA and bullying. We further applied an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the disease burden for the period 2020 to 2035.

Results: In 2019, CSA and bullying accounted for 0.02% and 0.28% of global all-cause deaths and DALYs, respectively. The highest deaths rates were observed in men aged 45-49, and women aged 50-54. The highest DALYs rates were observed in men aged 20-24 and women aged 15-19. The highest age-standardized deaths and DALYs rates were observed in the Eastern Europe region (1.222 [95% UI 0.161, 3.013]) and in High-Income North America region (176.613 [95% UI 79.02, 312.064]) per 100,000 people respectively. El Salvador (1.523 [95% UI 0.209, 3.589]) and Greenland (298.014 [95% UI 138.745, 518.086]) per 100,000 people had the highest age-standardized- deaths and DALYs rates, respectively. The highest age-standardized rates of CSA and bullying related deaths and DALYs were observed in high-socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. The age-standardized deaths rate attributable to CSA and bullying is projected to decrease in both sexes between 2019 and 2035, whereas the age-standardized DALYs rate is projected to decrease in male and increase in female between 2019 and 2035.

Conclusions: CSA and bullying contributed to the global disease burden. Action is needed to develop effective policies. Our study provides policymakers with up-to-date and comprehensive information.