Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

Background: Mental health disorders, including depression, are among the top 10 causes of the Global Burden of Disease in 2021. Chile is among the countries where mental health is a public concern due to a significant increase in depression rates in the older adult population in recent years. Considering the accelerated aging process, this study analyses the potential years of depressive symptom-free life expectancy in later life, including long-term conditions, from territorial and gender perspectives.

Method: Panel data were used to track depressive symptomatology in 2,263 older individuals (aged 60 + years) between 2015 and 2020. Multistate Modelling was applied to estimate the free years of depressive symptoms at age 60 in the Chilean regions.

Results: Differences were found in the number of years of depressive symptoms by geographic area, with older women expected to live twice as many years with depressive symptoms as their male counterparts across all regions. Older men living in the southern and northern macro-zones have more free years of depressive symptoms than those in the metropolitan region. Considering chronic health conditions across regions, we found an average decrease of approximately 4 years for men and 5.7 years for women in years of life free of depressive symptomatology due to multimorbidity.

Conclusions: Public health policies in prevention and intervention for depression should integrate territorial differences in non-communicable diseases and gender-sensitive approaches to increase the number of years without depression in later life, with a particular focus on women and those populations living in lower socioeconomic settings.

Purpose: Burnout has become a major concern within healthcare. Medical residents comprise a notorious at-risk population in which approximately half of the population is affected. While previous work highlights the role of organizational risk factors as the main contributors to occupational burden, research on culture in medicine as a potential organizational risk factor is limited. The main objective of this qualitative study was to explore the expression of cultural norms from the medical resident perspective to establish the stage for future high-impact interventions.

Methods: Data were gathered from 87 semistructured interviews with residents in Mexico City and analyzed through a grounded theory lens.

Results: The analysis revealed harmful customary practices within medical residency culture. A distorted hierarchical system was responsible for promoting abusive power dynamics that fed into a 'covert norm' that continually infringed on formal regulations. This system is partly sustainable due to poor reporting mechanisms and self-perpetuating behaviors through normalization and violent enforcement.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that burnout was independently associated with and occurred in the context of covert conventions that defy guidelines. However, further studies are needed to assess proper organizational interventions that reject covert sociocultural normative conformity to support a more humanistic side of medical culture.

Aims: This systematic review aims to examine how climate change and its related stressors may affect the mental health of workers in industries vulnerable to climate change. The review also seeks to evaluate coping strategies used by affected workers, as well as potential interventions to mitigate and prevent these mental health effects.

Method: A literature search was conducted in June 2024 in databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science, using a combination of keywords about climate change, mental health or illness, and vulnerable industries.

Results: A predominance of accessed literature was related to the agricultural industry, with a minority pertaining to the aquaculture, construction and aviation industries. They suggest an increased vulnerability of workers to mental health-related problems, including increased depression, anxiety, psychological distress and suicidality in response to stressors such as increased temperatures and prolonged drought conditions. Besides socioeconomic effects resulting from reduced productivity, climate-related stressors may contribute to increased uncertainty, isolation, a perceived lack of control, and challenges to their sense of identity. Coping methods varied and influenced outcomes of mental wellbeing, with community wellbeing and social connectedness in the agricultural setting being observed to have beneficial effects on levels of psychological distress. Interventions that promoted mental health literacy, the availability of mental health first aid, social cohesion, and adaptability to climate stressors were deemed helpful.

Conclusion: Environmental stressors interact with mental health in an intricate manner, exerting influence on biological and socioeconomic aspects of a person's well-being. In an occupational setting, such stressors may also affect social cohesion and one's personal sense of identity or self-esteem. Building strong social networks and structures to enable self-efficacy and adaptability towards climate change may be key towards promoting mental health resilience amongst workers in vulnerable industries.

Purpose: The paper aims to investigate the association of mental health problems with academic performance of university students using data from a cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian university students during the war. The prevalence of mental health problems among students with their subsequent division into different severity groups is investigated.

Methods: The study combines a cross-sectional survey method to collect data and a regression analysis technique to identify mental health problems that negatively associated with students' academic performance during the war. The survey questionnaire includes a demographic section, mental health screening tools, as well as Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Special Health Problems (WPAI: SHP) section, adapted for the purpose of the study. The data sample includes responses from 1398 university students from different regions of Ukraine.

Results: According to survey data 85.8% of all respondents had depression symptoms, 66.1%- anxiety symptoms, 56.9%-sleep problems, and 48.1%- PTSD symptoms. Results of regression modeling confirms the devastating effect of mental health problems on academic performance of university students during the war, in particular, a severe depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep problems are associated with 17.4%, 12.2% and 11.0% decrease in academic performance of university students, respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health problems and related academic performance impairment among students during wartime become a challenge for the successful recovery of Ukrainian society and therefore require a quick response at both the institutional and public policy levels.

Background: Following the 2023 Turkey earthquake, university students in the earthquake district were transferred to other universities and our university was one of those. In addition, the families of many of our students were living in the earthquake district, and they were with their families during the earthquake due to the semester. We created a trauma psychiatry policlinic to serve medical students and others affected by the disaster. To identify students affected and to provide support, we conducted a cross-sectional study on medical students two months after the earthquake. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate and cumulative trauma and other determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.

Methods: A cluster sampling procedure was used. In addition to generating socio-demographic and earthquake related dataform, PTSD checklist-5, Cumulative Stress and Trauma Scale (CST-S), and Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory were administered. All results were evaluated statistically.

Results: A total of 617 medical students participated in the study. PTSD, anxiety, and depression rates were 38.9%, 28.7%, and 21.1% respectively. Gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, and high scores of earthquake-related features were significant for three. Negative scores of survival, personal identity, collective identity, and family-attachment trauma sub-types of CST-S were associated with all three diagnoses.

Conclusions: Negative scores of the survival, personal identity, collective identity, and family attachment trauma subtypes of the CST-S are associated with all three diagnoses. However, these results require to be supported by longitudinal studies.

Background: This study examines whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), alone and combined with physical activity (MedEx), is associated with cognitive decline and dementia incidence, with socioeconomic status (SES) as a potential modifier.

Methods: We included 8,568 subjects (mean age 72.3 ± 9.6 years, 52.4% female) from three pooled Italian population-based studies. MD adherence was assessed using the Panagiotakos algorithm. We analyzed the association of MD and MedEx adherence, both continuously and categorized in tertiles, with cognitive decline and incident dementia using Cox regression. SES modification was examined through interaction analysis and SES-stratified models.

Results: Cognitive decline occurred in 38.1% of participants but was not associated with MD adherence. In SES-stratified analysis, among high SES individuals, each 2-point increase in MD adherence reduced cognitive decline risk by 14%, and high MD adherence was associated with a 48% reduction (HR 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.90). In this group, medium MedEx adherence reduced cognitive decline risk by 77% (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.07-0.83). No significant association was found between MD/MedEx adherence and incident dementia (4.2%), regardless of SES.

Discussion: SES may modify the relationship between MD and cognitive decline, with greater benefits observed in higher SES groups. Further studies, particularly in vulnerable populations, are needed to inform tailored preventive strategies for cognitive decline.

Purpose: The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between social media use (SMU) in early adolescence (age 11) and psychiatric outcomes (age 17) via interpersonal distrust, later bedtime, and negative self-image (age 14) after controlling for prior mental health (age 7) and a range of confounders.

Methods: A structural equation model linked SMU to psychological distress (Kessler-6) via distrust, time-to-sleep, and negative self-perception, using data from a birth cohort in the United Kingdom. From 12,732 eligible adolescents at age 11 (interviewed January 2012 to February 2013), 8,913 participants (52% female, 18% non-White) had complete data on exposure and outcome, thus included in the analytic sample. Sex-stratified analyses were performed, as well as secondary outcome analyses for internalizing/externalizing problems, and a latent variable of 'psychiatric problems' (depression/anxiety diagnosis, self-harm, suicidality).

Results: There were significant indirect paths through distrust (standardized [Formula: see text]), later time-to-sleep ([Formula: see text]), and negative self-perception ([Formula: see text]) after adjustments. The path through distrust was significant for females but not for males, whereas the two other indirect paths were significant for both males and females (this also held true for internalizing, externalizing, and psychiatric problems). Use of self-report measures and a lack of detailed information on the nature of SMU limit these findings.

Conclusion: Social media use is prospectively associated with psychiatric symptoms in adolescence to the extent that it fosters interpersonal distrust, delays bedtime, and degrades self-image, especially for females. Interventions aimed at promoting trust and belonging, good sleep hygiene, and positive self-image, should be considered from a public health perspective.

Purpose: Increasing evidence supports the existence of an association between social relationships and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). However, the magnitude of the association between various social relationship factors and CCVDs remains uncertain.

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched to investigate the associations between social relationship factors and CCVDs in the general population. The retrieved longitudinal cohort studies were independently subjected to eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale by two reviewers. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using random effects models. We conducted a synthesis across social relationship factors to estimate overall effects for the structural and functional aspects.

Results: Thirty cohort studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that social support (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.47), social isolation (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.22), loneliness (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37), social integration (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27) and social network (RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.18) were significantly associated with CCVDs. Compared with structural aspects of social relationships, functional aspects were associated with a slightly greater CCVD risk (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.35 vs. RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20).

Conclusions: Our findings confirm that adequate social support, high social integration, and large social networks are associated with a lower CCVD risk, whereas high social isolation and loneliness are associated with a higher risk. Furthermore, functional aspects of social relationships are associated with a slightly greater CCVD risk than structural aspects. This analysis provides evidence that enhancing social relationships may help prevent CCVD.