Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory最新文献_第5页

Discrete element modelling of water diffusion and softening characteristics in rocks

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103065

Kang Bian , Yanan Chen , Xuecheng Peng , Qingrong Xiong

The water softening effect is a critical factor that can cause or exacerbate large deformation phenomena or even instability in rock engineering. In this study, a meso water diffusion and softening model is proposed based on the discrete element method, the theory of saturated-unsaturated seepage and damage theory, which can be used to characterize the moisture diffusion process between rock pores quantitatively, as well as the mechanical behaviour of rock particles undergoing parameter deterioration subjected to a water-induced softening effect. In addition, by comparing the simulated values with the results of mercury intrusion, water absorption and uniaxial compression tests, the rationality of the proposed model has been validated. Furthermore, the relationships between the saturation coefficients and the mechanical parameters of rock samples are researched, and the moisture distribution characteristics of rock samples and their impacts on the meso mechanical parameters under water absorption, evaporation and closed boundary conditions are studied, as well as the evolution of the number of microcracks in rock samples during uniaxial compression tests. The research results indicate that the strength and stiffness parameters of the particle elements exhibit non-linear degradation with increasing saturation coefficient. With the same saturation coefficient, the degradation degree of the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the sample during the evaporation process is usually greater than that of the sample during the saturation process. Compared with that in the low-saturation samples, the number of cracks in the high-saturation samples significantly increased under water absorption conditions. In contrast, the number of cracks in the sample does not change significantly with decreasing saturation under evaporation conditions. The proposed model provides a new approach for studying the water-softening effect in rocks using the discrete element method.

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引用次数: 0

A Stochastic Energy-Efficient Robust Simulation-Based Truck Dispatching Optimization for Simultaneous GHG Mitigation and Operational Excellence in Open-Pit Mines

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103026

Mohammadreza Kazemi Ashtiani , Ali Moradi Afrapoli , John Doucette , Hooman Askari-Nasab

Almost all currently active large open-pit mines across the globe heavily rely on fleet of shovels and haul trucks for material handling. This material handling system has a significant contribution not only to the production cost of the mine (+50%), but also to its energy consumption (+41%) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (+37%). However, traditionally, operation management in general and truck dispatching, in particular, focused primarily on production targets and operational efficiency, neglecting environmental considerations in open-pit mines. Nowadays, growing awareness of climate change and responsible resource extraction has shifted, however, the focus towards sustainable practices throughout the mining industry, open-pit mining not excluded. The significant contribution of this study lies in the development of an integrated simulation and optimization framework that simultaneously accounts for anthropogenic GHG emissions resulting from energy (fuel) consumption and enhances the operational efficiency of the material handling system, thus yielding direct economic and environmental benefits. The paper fulfills its goals with the aim of simultaneous achievement of four interdependent objectives: minimizing the deviations from target production rates set by strategic plans, minimizing the shovel idle time, minimizing the truck wait time, and minimizing the truck fuel consumption. The performance and the robustness of the proposed framework has been evaluated in a case study at Gol-E-Gohar mine in Iran, demonstrating a successful achievement of up to 6% reduction in fuel consumption per tonne of production leading to a significant overall decrease of up to 20,000 liters in fuel consumption, equivalent to 61,000 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in a 10-day operation with 12 hours of operation per day.

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引用次数: 0

Parallelization strategies for high-performance and energy-efficient epidemic spread simulations

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103059

Daniel Cagigas-Muñiz , Fernando Diaz-del-Rio , Jose Luis Sevillano-Ramos , José-Luis Guisado-Lizar

Simulation analysis of epidemic disease spread is crucial for a proper social and governmental response. Certain susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) models based on cellular automata (CA) have proven to be effective tools for this purpose. Despite the growing interest in these simulation models, few studies have addressed computational efficiency. Many models are not parallelized and, as a result, are computationally inefficient. Moreover, computational efficiency is often solely associated with runtime, with limited attention given to energy consumption and energy-efficient software implementations.

This paper presents various parallel implementations of a successful Covid-19 cellular automaton SIR model on multiprocessors and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), significantly improving the performance of existing codes while substantially reducing energy consumption. The performance analysis of these parallel implementations demonstrates that simulations can be reduced from hours to under a second, with energy consumption reduced by more than three orders of magnitude. Additionally, the results reveal that in cases where multiple parallel multiprocessor alternatives are available, there is not always a direct correlation between the shortest execution time and the lowest energy consumption in CA simulations.

This work aims to support practitioners interested in implementing or utilizing parallel, energy-efficient SIR model simulations for future epidemic outbreaks, green computing initiatives, and efficient cellular automata simulations in general.

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引用次数: 0

A discrete-event multi-agent simulation framework supporting well-to-wheel analysis for greening commercial maritime ports

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103061

Chiara Fiori, Lucas Joel Cisternas, Stefano de Luca

This paper develops a discrete-event multi-agent simulation model that may support robust and realistic well-to-wheel analysis to assess energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of greener technologies applied to container terminal activities. To this end, a discrete-event simulation multi-agent model was specifically developed and validated with real data for the port of Salerno (southern Italy), and a well-to-wheel analysis was carried out by comparing different scenarios with an increasing level of port electrification solutions. A comparison is proposed in terms of consumption and emissions between conventionally fueled and “green” vehicles, including cold ironing technology. The proposed modeling framework makes it possible to simulate highly complex logistics systems in which the environmental and energetic performance of the handling equipment may significantly differ and be significantly affected by human factors and external factors. Our results show that the greener scenario allows higher emissions reduction based on the energy sources used to produce electricity.

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture extension patterns at interfaces of coal-measure rock strata and a new theoretical prediction model

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103063

Junqiang Ma , Xuehua Li , Yinghu Li , Xuanhui Wang , Qiangling Yao , Sen Yang

Coal-measure gas (CMG), a unique form of unconventional natural gas located within coal seams and surrounding rock layers, represents a potential avenue for enhancing energy consumption patterns while mitigating carbon emissions. The geological structure of CMG reservoirs exhibits pronounced variability in layer strength and contains vertical discontinuities at lithological boundaries. These boundaries, shaped by sedimentation and tectonic forces, possess varying adherence strengths and inclinations, influencing the behavior of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Upon reaching such interfaces, fracturing fluids might either halt or propagate along them, thereby affecting the vertical expansion of hydraulic fractures. In this study, nine modes of hydraulic fracture extension at the interface of coal-measure rock strata were obtained by simulation using ABAQUS embedded in a 0-thickness Cohesive element.This study highlights how the disparity between the interface bond strength and adjacent rock mass primarily dictates fracture propagation direction under low vertical stress difference coefficient (k). A minimal disparity facilitates vertical fracture continuation through the interface. Conversely, with increasing k values, the influence of interface strength on fracture direction diminishes. Additionally, lower interface dip angles β correlate with heightened vertical stresses, promoting fracture vertical propagation. Furthermore, it fully considers the combined effect of tension and shear in the process of hydraulic fracture extension, and establishes a prediction model for the extension trajectory of hydraulic fracture at the interface of coal-measure rock strata based on the theory of maximum energy release rate and the mixed fracture energy criterion. This research offers novel insights into the mechanisms governing hydraulic fracture expansion at coal-measure rock strata interfaces and the critical factors influencing cross-interface propagation.

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引用次数: 0

A mixed crowd movement model incorporating chasing behavior 包含追逐行为的混合人群运动模型

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103044

Hang Yu, Xintong Li, Weiguo Song, Jianlin Li, Xuehua Song, Jun Zhang

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the study of interactive movements within mixed crowds in the field of pedestrian evacuation. This study examines a specific type of interaction within mixed crowd: Group A chases Group B, while Group B needs to evade Group A and complete an evacuation, such as in situations involving attackers and pedestrians during a sudden violent incident. To model these complex movements, a velocity-based model incorporating panic propagation is developed. In this model, pedestrians adjust the magnitude and direction of their velocity by taking into account three key factors: avoidance of the attacker, movement toward the exit, and herd mentality. After a detailed introduction of the model, we first simulated and analyzed the parameters in the model to investigate the impact of various factors on the number of casualties and evacuation time. Subsequently, collective behavior from nature, experimental data, and specific crowd movement data are utilized to compare simulation results and validate the accuracy of the model. Finally, through simulations of single-exit and dual-exit bottleneck scenarios, a comparison of casualties revealed that placing exits at the corners of walls in building designs is more conducive to pedestrian evacuation.

近年来，在行人疏散领域中，对混合人群中相互作用运动的研究越来越受到关注。本研究考察了混合人群中的一种特定类型的互动：a组追逐B组，而B组需要避开a组并完成疏散，例如在突发暴力事件中涉及攻击者和行人的情况下。为了模拟这些复杂的运动，开发了一个基于速度的模型，其中包括恐慌传播。在这个模型中，行人通过考虑三个关键因素来调整速度的大小和方向：避开攻击者、向出口移动和从众心理。在对模型进行详细介绍后，我们首先对模型中的参数进行仿真分析，考察各种因素对伤亡人数和疏散时间的影响。随后，利用自然界的集体行为、实验数据和具体人群运动数据对仿真结果进行对比，验证模型的准确性。最后，通过对单出口和双出口瓶颈场景的仿真，对比伤亡情况，发现在建筑设计中，将出口设置在墙角处更有利于行人疏散。

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引用次数: 0

Quality matters: A comprehensive comparative study of edge computing simulators 质量问题：边缘计算模拟器的综合比较研究

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103042

Charafeddine Mechalikh , Abd El Heq Silem , Zahra Safavifar , Fatemeh Golpayegani

Edge computing, by pushing resources closer to the network’s edge, is revolutionizing data processing, enabling real-time analysis and localized decision-making on resource-constrained devices. However, designing and validating innovative solutions within this dynamic environment presents significant challenges.

While numerous edge simulators exist, their shortcomings often restrict researchers’ ability to address their research questions. Many of them serve specific use cases (e.g., small scale scenarios, static application placement, etc.), lacking the breadth and flexibility needed for diverse research requirements. Furthermore, the lack of benchmarking studies complicates the process of selecting the right simulators for a specific need.

This study addresses these limitations by presenting a comprehensive evaluation of 24 edge computing simulators, filling a critical gap in the literature. We propose a robust methodology that assesses the simulators based on functionality, maintenance, scalability, reliability, efficiency, and usability. Our study provides clear classifications and comparisons of the simulators to assist researchers in selecting the most suitable one for their edge computing scenarios. Additionally, we identify and discuss opportunities and challenges for advancing the current state of the art in edge simulation, highlighting potential areas for future research.

边缘计算通过将资源推向网络边缘，正在彻底改变数据处理，使资源受限设备能够进行实时分析和本地化决策。然而，在这种动态环境中设计和验证创新解决方案提出了重大挑战。虽然存在许多边缘模拟器，但它们的缺点往往限制了研究人员解决研究问题的能力。它们中的许多服务于特定的用例（例如，小规模场景，静态应用程序放置等），缺乏多样化研究需求所需的广度和灵活性。此外，缺乏基准研究使选择适合特定需求的模拟器的过程变得复杂。本研究通过对24个边缘计算模拟器进行全面评估来解决这些局限性，填补了文献中的关键空白。我们提出了一种基于功能、维护、可扩展性、可靠性、效率和可用性来评估模拟器的稳健方法。我们的研究提供了模拟器的清晰分类和比较，以帮助研究人员选择最适合他们的边缘计算场景的模拟器。此外，我们确定并讨论了推进当前边缘模拟技术的机遇和挑战，强调了未来研究的潜在领域。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced FOPoP technology in heterogeneous integration: Finite element analysis with element birth and death technique 异构集成中的先进FOPoP技术：基于单元生死技术的有限元分析

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103041

Mei-Ling Wu, Jin-Yu Wu

This research investigates the advanced applications of Fan-Out Package-on-Package (FOPoP) technology within heterogeneous integration, highlighting its critical role in artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and 5 G communication systems. Heterogeneous integration technology, which merges diverse components and technologies into a single package, is essential for addressing the increasing demands of modern electronic systems. However, wafer warpage during the FOPoP manufacturing process poses a significant challenge, impacting yield, chip alignment, and handling. We employ Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to tackle this issue using the element birth and death technique for process-oriented simulations. Our method innovatively utilizes both the backside and frontside Redistribution Layer (RDL) to create vertical interconnections within the FOPoP structure. The simulation process includes 11 stages: backside RDL electroplating, Polyimide (PI) curing, Molding Compound (MC) curing, frontside RDL electroplating, and PI curing. Comparing the simulated FOPoP wafer warpage values at each stage with experimental data, we consistently found discrepancies under 10 %, validating the accuracy of our simulations. Additionally, we identify effective strategies to reduce FOPoP wafer warpage through parameter analysis, such as lowering copper trace density in the RDL and increasing the die area ratio, thereby improving manufacturing yield. This research advances the understanding of FOPoP technology in heterogeneous integration and provides a robust framework for its application in next-generation electronic systems.

本研究探讨了扇出包对包（FOPoP）技术在异构集成中的先进应用，强调了其在人工智能（AI）、大数据分析和5g通信系统中的关键作用。异构集成技术将不同的组件和技术合并到一个单一的封装中，对于满足现代电子系统日益增长的需求至关重要。然而，在FOPoP制造过程中，晶圆翘曲带来了重大挑战，影响良率，芯片对准和处理。我们使用有限元分析（FEA）来解决这个问题，使用面向过程模拟的元素生与死技术。我们的方法创新地利用了背面和正面再分布层（RDL）来创建FOPoP结构内的垂直互连。模拟过程包括11个阶段：背面RDL电镀、聚酰亚胺（PI）固化、模塑化合物（MC）固化、正面RDL电镀和PI固化。将模拟的FOPoP晶圆在每个阶段的翘曲值与实验数据进行比较，我们发现误差始终在10%以下，验证了模拟的准确性。此外，我们通过参数分析确定了减少FOPoP晶圆翘曲的有效策略，例如降低RDL中的铜迹密度和增加模具面积比，从而提高制造成品率。该研究促进了对异构集成中FOPoP技术的理解，并为其在下一代电子系统中的应用提供了一个强大的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement and performance analysis of constitutive model for rock blasting damage simulation 岩石爆破损伤模拟构成模型的改进与性能分析

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103043

Zhiliang Wang , Yu Ni , Jianguo Wang , Songyu Li

Through a series of numerical simulations on single-hole blasting and presplit blasting, this paper analyzed the performance differences of the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thomal (RHT) and Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive models in simulating the blasting crack propagation of rock under different in-situ stress environments. Firstly, the RHT model parameters for granite were determined through mechanical experiments. Then, the traditional HJC model was improved by introducing failure criterion, and the practicability of the above two models in simulating blasting cracks was verified. Finally, the performance differences between these two models were analyzed in simulating blasting cracks of deep rocks. The results indicate that the improved HJC model is consistent with the RHT model in characterizing the blasting cracks of shallow rock. As the burial depth increases, the RHT model can accurately simulate the propagation of cracks in the entire blasting area under different in-situ stress conditions, while the improved HJC model can only simulate the crushed zone generated by blasting well. In addition, the improved HJC model behaves poorly in terms of general applicability because the specific failure criterion cannot be applied to multiple scenarios. These findings can offer valuable references to deep rock blasting simulations.

本文通过对单孔爆破和预裂爆破的一系列数值模拟，分析了 Riedel-Hiermaier-Thomal (RHT) 和 Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) 构造模型在模拟不同原位应力环境下岩石爆破裂纹扩展方面的性能差异。首先，通过力学实验确定了花岗岩的 RHT 模型参数。然后，通过引入失效准则对传统的 HJC 模型进行了改进，并验证了上述两种模型在模拟爆破裂缝中的实用性。最后，分析了这两种模型在模拟深部岩石爆破裂缝时的性能差异。结果表明，改进后的 HJC 模型与 RHT 模型在表征浅层岩石爆破裂缝方面具有一致性。随着埋深的增加，RHT 模型可以准确模拟不同原位应力条件下整个爆破区域的裂缝扩展，而改进型 HJC 模型只能模拟爆破井产生的破碎带。此外，改进型 HJC 模型的通用性较差，因为特定的失效准则无法适用于多种情况。这些发现可为深部岩石爆破模拟提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Cost optimization and ANFIS computing for M/M/(R+c)/N queue under admission control policy and server breakdown 接纳控制策略和服务器故障下 M/M/(R+c)/N 队列的成本优化和 ANFIS 计算

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.103037

Sudeep Singh Sanga, Nidhi

This study focuses on a finite queueing model with multiple servers, incorporating an admission control F-policy and considerations for customers’ balking and server breakdown. The F-policy concept is used to control the flow of incoming customers, making the model formulation more realistic. Implementing the admission control F-policy, along with adding additional servers, can effectively alleviate congestion issues for customers by reducing the formation of queues and decreasing the frequency of customers opting out of the queue due to extended waiting time. In order to conduct a mathematical analysis of the model and establish probability distributions, we formulate the steady-state Chapman–Kolmogorov (C–K) equations and solve them using a recursive technique. The probability distributions allow us to develop several system performance measures, including the expected system size, the expected number of busy permanent servers, the probability of server breakdown, etc. These measures are utilized to assess the effectiveness of the model. The impact of system input parameters on several performance measures in the multi-server queueing model is presented using a numerical example. The accuracy of the results of performance measures is validated by implementing the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach, enhancing the reliability and robustness of the findings. The non-linear cost function is also created to compute the optimal values of the decision variables, including the number of permanent servers, admission control threshold, service rate, and joining probabilities of customers. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are applied to deal with the cost optimization problem. A comparative study of the GWO and PSO algorithms for cost optimization is also conducted. This optimization enables decision-makers to efficiently manage the system’s operations and resources. The findings of the study suggest that the proposed model can be applied in diverse real-life scenarios, such as electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), restaurants, and various other locations.

本研究的重点是具有多个服务器的有限队列模型，其中纳入了准入控制 F 政策，并考虑了客户逡巡和服务器故障等因素。F 政策概念用于控制进入的客户流，使模型的表述更加真实。实施准入控制 F 政策并增加服务器，可有效缓解客户拥堵问题，减少队列的形成，降低客户因等待时间延长而选择退出队列的频率。为了对模型进行数学分析并建立概率分布，我们提出了稳态 Chapman-Kolmogorov (C-K) 方程，并使用递归技术对其进行求解。通过概率分布，我们可以得出多个系统性能指标，包括预期系统规模、预期繁忙永久服务器数量、服务器崩溃概率等。我们利用这些指标来评估模型的有效性。通过一个数值示例介绍了系统输入参数对多服务器队列模型中若干性能指标的影响。通过采用自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）方法，验证了性能指标结果的准确性，从而提高了研究结果的可靠性和鲁棒性。此外，还创建了非线性成本函数来计算决策变量的最优值，包括永久服务器数量、准入控制阈值、服务速率和客户加入概率。灰狼优化（GWO）和粒子群优化（PSO）算法被用于处理成本优化问题。此外，还对成本优化的 GWO 和 PSO 算法进行了比较研究。这种优化使决策者能够有效地管理系统的运行和资源。研究结果表明，所提出的模型可应用于各种实际场景，如电动汽车充电站（EVCS）、餐厅和其他各种场所。

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引用次数: 0