Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory最新文献_第5页

Research on critical criteria for crowd instability based on system entropy 基于系统熵的群体不稳定关键准则研究

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103213

Hongcheng Lu , Siming Wang , Ran Ye , Yulong Li , Jinghong Wang , Jialin Wu , Yan Wang

During emergency evacuation, dense crowd aggregation in passages can trigger instability and stampede accidents, impairing evacuation and rescue effectiveness. This paper proposes an analytical method integrating computer vision and simulation to quantify crowd instability thresholds. Initially, accurate pedestrian detection is achieved using the YOLOv8n model trained on the CrowdHuman dataset, combined with the Deepsort algorithm to extract parameters (density, speed, and system entropy) from perspective-corrected accident scenes. Through analysis, a multi-dimensional instability criterion is derived. Video monitoring data is analyzed in simulation software (using AnyLogic state diagrams). Dynamic evaluation of multiple critical parameter thresholds is conducted through state diagram models, thereby enabling the technical integration mechanism between the two to be established. Analysis of incidents like the Itaewon stampede identifies critical thresholds: density (6.875 - 6.971 ped/m²), speed (0.177 - 0.179 m/s), and system entropy (555.796 - 582.194). Compared to single-density metrics, system entropy as a composite indicator more precisely captures multi-mechanism instability precursors, providing critical data support for early warning systems. Simulations indicate that passages with widths of 2.9 - 3.4 meters and lengths greater than or equal to 30 meters exhibit lower instability risks and higher pedestrian capacity. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the critical crowd size is more affected by passage width in flat areas and by length in sloped areas. The transition time from critical to safe pedestrian levels follows a linear distribution, with sloped passages exhibiting longer transition times and higher risks.

在紧急疏散过程中，通道内人群密集聚集会引发不稳定和踩踏事故，影响疏散和救援效果。本文提出了一种结合计算机视觉和仿真的分析方法来量化人群不稳定阈值。最初，使用在CrowdHuman数据集上训练的YOLOv8n模型实现准确的行人检测，并结合Deepsort算法从角度校正的事故场景中提取参数（密度、速度和系统熵）。通过分析，导出了一个多维失稳判据。在仿真软件中分析视频监控数据（使用AnyLogic状态图）。通过状态图模型对多个关键参数阈值进行动态评估，从而建立两者之间的技术集成机制。对梨泰院踩踏事件等事件的分析确定了临界阈值：密度（6.875 ~ 6.971 ped/m²）、速度（0.177 ~ 0.179 m/s）和系统熵（555.796 ~ 582.194）。与单密度指标相比，系统熵作为一种复合指标更精确地捕捉多机制不稳定前兆，为预警系统提供关键数据支持。模拟表明，宽度为2.9 - 3.4米，长度大于或等于30米的通道具有较低的不稳定风险和较高的行人通行能力。敏感性分析表明，平坦地区的临界人群规模受通道宽度的影响较大，而斜坡地区受通道长度的影响较大。从关键行人水平到安全行人水平的过渡时间遵循线性分布，坡度通道的过渡时间更长，风险更高。

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引用次数: 0

Lagrangian fluid transport simulation using mobile devices 利用移动装置模拟拉格朗日流体输运

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103214

Martin Opat , Julian Koellermeier , Christian Kehl

Simulating the transport of plastics, nutrients and pollutants in the ocean is important to address societal questions in environmental management and sustainability. Many Lagrangian transport simulators have been introduced in the past decades, yet they all share two distinct limitations, namely, long compute times and reliance on large compute equipment. These limitations hinder a transient incorporation of outdoor observations for Lagrangian physical simulations. This paper introduces a novel particle advection approach for Lagrangian ocean transport simulations, specifically designed for mobile devices and field use. A proof-of-concept for particle advection via 4th order Runge–Kutta time integration is presented and validated across different datasets. The approach is parallelized for SIMD architectures on mobile platforms. The results demonstrate a time-integration of 500,000 particles in approximately 10.2 ms per timestep, enabling an interactive co-visualization of the simulation. Achieved runtimes on mobile devices are within the same order of magnitude as established non-portable Lagrangian ocean-transport simulators, such as TRACMASS and OceanParcels, with comparable scalability. Consequently, this novel simulation approach opens new possibilities for field-conducted simulations in the future.

模拟塑料、营养物质和污染物在海洋中的运输对于解决环境管理和可持续性方面的社会问题非常重要。在过去的几十年里，许多拉格朗日输运模拟器被引入，但它们都有两个明显的局限性，即计算时间长和依赖于大型计算设备。这些限制阻碍了拉格朗日物理模拟中室外观测的短暂结合。本文介绍了一种新颖的粒子平流方法，用于拉格朗日海洋输运模拟，专为移动设备和现场使用而设计。通过四阶龙格-库塔时间积分对粒子平流进行了概念验证，并在不同的数据集上进行了验证。该方法对移动平台上的SIMD架构进行了并行化处理。结果表明，在每个时间步长约10.2 ms的时间内，500,000个粒子的时间积分，使模拟的交互式协同可视化成为可能。在移动设备上实现的运行时间与已建立的非便携式拉格朗日海洋运输模拟器（如TRACMASS和oceanparcel）具有相同的数量级，具有可伸缩性。因此，这种新颖的模拟方法为未来的现场模拟开辟了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Physics-informed data-driven modeling of rock motion dynamics in excavation using a high-fidelity simulator 利用高保真模拟器进行开挖中岩石运动动力学的物理信息数据驱动建模

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103208

Mohammad Heravi, Amirmasoud Molaei, Reza Ghabcheloo

In this paper, the problem of predicting the motion of large rocks during excavation is addressed. During excavation, complex interactions are observed among the excavator bucket, rock, and soil, which are not effectively captured using analytical models due to nonlinearities and unknown phenomena. To address this, a physics-informed, data-driven framework is proposed, in which a predictive model of the rock dynamics is learned using data obtained from a high-fidelity physics-based simulator. Specifically, a physics-informed neural network is employed, structured as a multilayer perceptron that receives the state variables and control inputs from a fixed-length temporal window. A kinematic constraint is incorporated into the loss function to enforce physical consistency. The model is trained and evaluated using data from 200 experiments. The effect of the look-back window length is examined, and a window length of two is found to yield the minimum prediction error. The prediction error distributions are statistically evaluated for different soil and rock scenarios, as well as across different prediction horizons (1–20). The model’s accuracy is shown to be within the desired threshold.

本文研究了大型岩石在开挖过程中的运动预测问题。在挖掘过程中，挖掘斗、岩石和土壤之间存在复杂的相互作用，由于非线性和未知现象，分析模型无法有效地捕捉这些相互作用。为了解决这个问题，研究人员提出了一种基于物理的数据驱动框架，其中使用高保真物理模拟器获得的数据来学习岩石动力学的预测模型。具体来说，采用了物理信息神经网络，其结构为多层感知器，接收来自固定长度时间窗口的状态变量和控制输入。在损失函数中加入了一个运动约束来加强物理一致性。使用200个实验的数据对模型进行了训练和评估。研究了回顾窗口长度的影响，发现两个窗口长度产生最小的预测误差。对不同土壤和岩石情景以及不同预测层的预测误差分布进行了统计评价（1-20）。该模型的精度显示在期望的阈值之内。

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引用次数: 0

A dual-circulation train-TPSS integrated simulation strategy for urban rail system 城市轨道系统双循环列车- tpss集成仿真策略

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103215

Renyu Wang , Gang Zhang , Hong Yu , Jiaqi Yang , Wei Xiong , Wei Wei

Urban rail system is a complex integrated system that combines trains and traction power supply system (TPSS). However, existing simulation method overlooks deep coupling between operation status of trains and power flow status of TPSS, impeding accurate deduction and analysis of overall operational status. Therefore, this paper delves into the bidirectional coupling characteristics between trains and TPSS, and then proposes a dual-circulation strategy for integrated simulation. Firstly, fluctuations of power flow are analyzed under traction and braking conditions, while exploring the reverse impact of voltage fluctuations on train operational performance. This reveals bidirectional coupling between trains and TPSS, leading to the development of an integrated system model. Subsequently, a dual-circulation strategy is designed. It enables integrated simulation considering bidirectional coupling characteristics under different operational conditions. Finally, verification is conducted based on actual line parameters, with comparative analysis of simulation results from 7 node types. It is demonstrated that the dual-circulation strategy effectively captures bidirectional coupling characteristics under different conditions. This paper establishes a crucial foundation for comprehensive and accurate deduction of train-TPSS integrated system, paving the way for overall analysis and decision-making of urban rail transit.

城市轨道交通系统是集列车与牵引供电系统（TPSS）为一体的复杂综合系统。然而，现有的仿真方法忽略了列车运行状态与TPSS潮流状态之间的深度耦合，阻碍了对整体运行状态的准确推断和分析。因此，本文深入研究列车与TPSS之间的双向耦合特性，提出双循环策略进行综合仿真。首先，分析了牵引工况和制动工况下的潮流波动，探讨了电压波动对列车运行性能的反向影响。这揭示了列车和TPSS之间的双向耦合，从而导致了集成系统模型的发展。随后，设计了双循环策略。考虑了不同工况下的双向耦合特性，实现了综合仿真。最后根据实际线路参数进行验证，对比分析7种节点类型的仿真结果。结果表明，双循环策略有效地捕捉了不同条件下的双向耦合特性。本文为列车- tpss综合系统的全面准确推导奠定了重要基础，为城市轨道交通的整体分析和决策奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Peridynamics modeling of underground borehole instability: Collapse mechanism and stabilization strategy 地下钻孔失稳的周动力学建模：坍塌机理与稳定策略

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103203

Haoran Xu , Yongsheng Liu , Fei Li , Shuaipeng Wang , Shangyu Yang

Borehole instability is a critical challenge that affects safety and efficiency in deep drilling. Classical continuum mechanics struggles to accurately capture the discontinuous processes of crack initiation and propagation around boreholes. This paper develops and validates a nonlocal borehole damage model based on peridynamics. The borehole collapse mechanism is explored, and the regulatory role of drilling fluid pressure in maintaining borehole stability is evaluated. The results show that borehole collapse initiates along the direction of minimum horizontal pressure, characterized by a crescent-shaped shear failure accompanied by tensile fractures. The borehole eventually evolves into a butterfly-shaped damage pattern with a central fragmented zone. Increasing the elastic modulus of the surrounding rock and reducing the borehole radius effectively inhibits damage propagation. As the elastic modulus increases from 6 to 30 GPa, the areas of the collapse zones are reduced by 87.50%, indicating a substantial enhancement in the material’s resistance to both microcrack initiation and macroscopic instability. Low-modulus rocks are more prone to form continuous shear-fracture zones. In contrast, the horizontal pressure difference emerges as the primary driver of damage evolution; once it exceeds 30 MPa, the crack growth resistance deteriorates rapidly, leading to accelerated crack coalescence and the formation of a connected fracture network. An optimal drilling fluid pressure window can suppress up to 85.05% of the damaged area. However, excessive pressure may induce radial tensile fractures. The findings revealed the mechanisms of borehole collapse and confirmed the superiority of the peridynamics model in predicting borehole instability. This study provides theoretical insight and methodological support for stability control in deep drilling operations.

井眼失稳是影响深井钻井安全性和效率的关键问题。经典连续介质力学难以准确地捕捉井眼周围裂纹萌生和扩展的不连续过程。本文建立并验证了基于周动力学的非局部井眼损伤模型。探讨了井眼坍塌机理，评价了钻井液压力对维持井眼稳定性的调节作用。结果表明：井眼塌陷沿最小水平压力方向开始，以月牙形剪切破坏伴张性破裂为特征；钻孔最终演变成蝴蝶形的破坏模式，中心有破碎带。增加围岩弹性模量和减小钻孔半径可以有效抑制损伤的传播。当弹性模量从6 GPa增加到30 GPa时，坍塌区面积减少了87.50%，表明材料的抗微裂纹萌生和抗宏观失稳能力都有了显著增强。低模量岩石更容易形成连续剪切破碎带。水平压差是损伤演化的主要驱动力；一旦超过30 MPa，裂纹扩展阻力迅速恶化，导致裂纹加速合并，形成连通的裂缝网络。最佳钻井液压力窗可抑制85.05%的损伤面积。然而，过大的压力可能诱发径向张性骨折。研究结果揭示了井眼坍塌的机理，证实了周动力学模型在预测井眼失稳方面的优越性。该研究为深部钻井作业的稳定性控制提供了理论见解和方法支持。

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引用次数: 0

Error estimation and step size control with minimal subsystem interfaces 最小子系统接口误差估计与步长控制

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103209

Lars T. Kyllingstad , Severin Sadjina , Stian Skjong

We review error estimation methods for co-simulation, in particular methods that are applicable when the subsystems provide minimal interfaces. By this, we mean that subsystems do not support rollback of time steps, do not output derivatives, and do not provide any other information about their internals besides the output variables that are required for coupling with other subsystems. Such “black-box” subsystems are common in industrial applications, and the ability to couple them and run large-system simulations is one of the major attractions of the co-simulation paradigm. We also describe how the resulting error indicators may be used to automatically control macro time step sizes to strike a good balance between simulation speed and accuracy. The various elements of the step size control algorithm are presented in pseudocode so that readers may implement them and test them in their own applications. We provide practicable advice on how to use error indicators to judge the quality of a co-simulation, how to avoid common pitfalls, and how to configure the step size control algorithm.

我们回顾了联合仿真的误差估计方法，特别是当子系统提供最小接口时适用的方法。通过这一点，我们的意思是子系统不支持时间步骤的回滚，不输出导数，并且除了与其他子系统耦合所需的输出变量之外，不提供关于其内部的任何其他信息。这样的“黑盒”子系统在工业应用中很常见，耦合它们并运行大型系统仿真的能力是联合仿真范式的主要吸引力之一。我们还描述了如何使用产生的误差指标来自动控制宏时间步长，以在仿真速度和精度之间取得良好的平衡。步长控制算法的各种元素以伪代码的形式呈现，以便读者可以在自己的应用程序中实现和测试它们。我们就如何使用误差指标来判断联合模拟的质量，如何避免常见的陷阱，以及如何配置步长控制算法提供了切实可行的建议。

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引用次数: 0

From pedestrian simulation to security screening checkpoint planning: Simulation-enhanced optimization method 从行人模拟到安检检查站规划：仿真增强优化方法

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103202

Xiaoting Yuan , Tieqiao Tang , Tao Wang , Nikolai Bode

Modeling pedestrian flow through security checkpoints is critical for efficient airport operations. In this study, we develop a discrete event simulation model to describe queue dynamics at security screening checkpoints. Focusing on queue lengths, waiting times, and passenger arrival rates, we investigate how dynamically changing the number of open checkpoints affects system performance. Building on these insights, we formulate a mixed-integer linear programming model that incorporates system performance states derived from simulations to optimize checkpoint planning over time. Finally, we validate our approach through simulations based on arrival data from Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, China. Compared with a stand-alone mixed-integer linear programming formulation, the simulation-enhanced method achieves fewer total and peak lanes while meeting the same service-level targets. By providing an accurate representation of pedestrian flows, this research offers airports a practical decision tool for dynamic resource allocation and improved checkpoint performance.

模拟通过安检点的人流对机场的高效运营至关重要。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个离散事件模拟模型来描述安全检查检查点的队列动态。我们关注队列长度、等待时间和乘客到达率，研究动态改变开放检查点的数量如何影响系统性能。在这些见解的基础上，我们制定了一个混合整数线性规划模型，该模型结合了从模拟中获得的系统性能状态，以优化检查点规划。最后，我们通过广州白云国际机场的到达数据进行了仿真验证。与独立的混合整数线性规划公式相比，仿真增强方法在满足相同服务水平目标的情况下实现了更少的总车道和峰值车道。通过提供行人流量的准确表示，本研究为机场动态资源分配和改善检查站性能提供了实用的决策工具。

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引用次数: 0

Forge4Flame: An intuitive dashboard for designing GPU agent-based models to simulate infectious disease spread Forge4Flame：一个直观的仪表板，用于设计基于GPU代理的模型来模拟传染病的传播

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103205

Daniele Baccega , Irene Terrone , Peter Heywood , Robert Chisholm , Paul Richmond , Sandro Gepiro Contaldo , Lorenzo Bosio , Simone Pernice , Marco Beccuti

Agent-based models are computational models that simulate the dynamic interactions, behaviours, and communication protocols among agents in a shared environment. The use of such models in the field of epidemiology has attracted much attention, allowing the evaluation of the effectiveness of possible interventions and vaccination strategies. However, setting up these environments typically requires a manual and technical process that can be both time-consuming and complex. To address this challenge, we introduce Forge4Flame, a novel and user-friendly dashboard that simplifies the definition of agent-based models for FLAME GPU 2. Our goal is to make this modelling framework more accessible to a broader audience of researchers and public health professionals. Specifically, the tool streamlines model design, execution, and analysis by automatically generating the required FLAME GPU 2 code and incorporating valuable visualisation and post-processing features. Moreover, the integration of two different levels of population model was explored, allowing a detailed analysis of disease dynamics. This shows the tool’s potential to enhance both the accessibility and scalability of agent-based models through Docker and Slurm for efficient distributed computing on high-performance computing systems. Finally, the effectiveness of this tool is demonstrated through a case study that investigates the COVID-19 emergency in a generic Italian middle school.

基于代理的模型是模拟共享环境中代理之间的动态交互、行为和通信协议的计算模型。这种模型在流行病学领域的使用引起了很大的注意，可以对可能的干预措施和疫苗接种战略的有效性进行评估。然而，设置这些环境通常需要一个人工和技术过程，既耗时又复杂。为了应对这一挑战，我们引入了Forge4Flame，这是一个新颖且用户友好的仪表板，它简化了FLAME GPU 2基于代理的模型的定义。我们的目标是使更广泛的研究人员和公共卫生专业人员更容易使用这个建模框架。具体来说，该工具通过自动生成所需的FLAME GPU 2代码并结合有价值的可视化和后处理功能，简化了模型设计，执行和分析。此外，还探索了两个不同层次的种群模型的整合，从而可以详细分析疾病动态。这表明该工具有潜力通过Docker和Slurm增强基于代理的模型的可访问性和可伸缩性，从而在高性能计算系统上实现高效的分布式计算。最后，通过调查意大利一所普通中学的COVID-19紧急情况的案例研究，证明了该工具的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of different functional split options for XR traffic in 5G-LENA 5G-LENA中XR流量的不同功能拆分选项分析

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103211

Ana Larrañaga-Zumeta , Neco Villegas , Katerina Koutlia , Luis Diez , Ramón Agüero , Sandra Lagén

Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN) allow the disaggregation of the RAN protocol stack into different network units. This disaggregation depends on the selected Functional Split (FS), ranging from Option 1 to Option 8. The possible combination of this virtualization paradigm with different FS configurations could enhance the agility, flexibility, and scalability of 5G and beyond networks. Several studies exploring FSs use open-source platforms such as srsRAN, which provide full-stack 4G and 5G RAN software. However, these platforms have limitations for large-scale network analysis and usually require hardware for realistic testing. In contrast, system-level simulators such as ns-3 5G-LENA accurately model key 5G RAN functionalities and provide a flexible, scalable, and entirely software-based environment to implement, test, and evaluate a wide range of features. Based on the above, in this work we present a software-based model for the ns-3 5G-LENA simulator that allows simulating various FS options. We study and evaluate these FS options, specifically Options 6, 7.3, 7.2, and 7.1. Moreover, we analyze their impact on the end-to-end system performance using eXtended Reality (XR) traffic and under diverse network conditions. Our analysis shows that an appropriate FS selection can improve overall performance, helping the system more effectively handle XR traffic demands across different network conditions. Specifically, when Fronthaul (FH) and bandwidth are not limiting, all FS configurations yield similar throughput and latency, with XR delays mostly below 11 ms and data rates closely matching the offered load. Under FH constraints, lower FSs (e.g., Options 6 or 7.3) are preferable due to large, bursty XR packets. Otherwise, for standardized Open RAN (O-RAN) 7.2 or 7.1 FSs, delays may exceed 50 ms and data rates degrade, significantly affecting XR traffic performance. This work provides the research community with an accessible tool for studying FSs in realistic 5G environments.

虚拟化无线接入网（vRAN）允许将RAN协议栈分解为不同的网络单元。这种分解取决于所选的功能分裂（FS），范围从选项1到选项8。这种虚拟化范例与不同FS配置的可能组合可以增强5G及以后网络的敏捷性、灵活性和可伸缩性。几项探索fs的研究使用开源平台，如srsRAN，提供全栈4G和5G RAN软件。然而，这些平台对于大规模网络分析有局限性，并且通常需要硬件来进行实际测试。相比之下，ns-3 5G- lena等系统级模拟器可以精确模拟关键的5G RAN功能，并提供灵活、可扩展、完全基于软件的环境，以实现、测试和评估各种功能。基于上述，在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于软件的ns-3 5G-LENA模拟器模型，该模型允许模拟各种FS选项。我们研究和评估这些FS选项，特别是选项6、7.3、7.2和7.1。此外，我们使用扩展现实（XR）流量和在不同的网络条件下分析了它们对端到端系统性能的影响。我们的分析表明，适当的FS选择可以提高整体性能，帮助系统更有效地处理不同网络条件下的XR流量需求。具体来说，当前传（FH）和带宽没有限制时，所有FS配置都会产生类似的吞吐量和延迟，XR延迟大多低于11 ms，数据速率与提供的负载非常匹配。在跳频限制下，较低的跳频（例如，选项6或7.3）是可取的，因为大的，突发的XR数据包。否则，对于标准化的Open RAN (O-RAN) 7.2或7.1 fs，延迟可能超过50ms，数据速率下降，严重影响XR业务性能。这项工作为研究界提供了一个可访问的工具，用于在现实的5G环境中研究FSs。

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引用次数: 0

Research on allowable deviations of the pilot hole based on TBM conical cutterhead muck discharging simulation in inclined openings 基于TBM斜孔锥形刀盘排泥模拟的导孔允许偏差研究

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103210

Houzhe Xie , Zhiyong Ji , Xianqiong Zhao , Wei Ke , Jing Xiao , Mei Yang

Due to its high tunneling efficiency under steep conditions, the directed pilot hole in conjunction with the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) conical cutterhead has been widely utilized in inclined openings. However, the key factor influencing TBM tunneling efficiency, the mucking efficiency of the conical cutterhead, is significantly affected by unavoidable pilot hole deviations. In this study, the muck flow characteristics of the conical cutterhead with a pilot hole under steep conditions were analyzed using a comprehensive Discrete Element Method simulation that encompassed the stages of falling, shoveling, and discharging. Then the muck discharge efficiency and residual muck efficiency were employed as quantitative indicators to evaluate the cutterhead’s mucking performance and secondary cutter wear. Furthermore, the interactive effects of deviation distance of the pilot hole (DD) and deviation angle of the pilot hole (DA) on mucking performance were investigated. Based on various engineering requirements, a weighted multi-factor analysis method is proposed for determining the allowable deviations of the pilot hole. For a specific inclined shaft with the following characteristics: a cutterhead with a diameter of 7690 mm, a conical angle of 15°, a 2500 mm pilot hole and a tunneling inclination of 55°, the results indicate that DD reaches a minimum value, when DA=112.5°. Specifically, the minimum DD=183 mm when minimizing secondary cutter wear, and 401 mm when enhancing mucking performance. These findings offer theoretical guidance for determining positional parameters of the pilot hole in inclined openings.

定向导孔配合隧道掘进机锥形刀盘，由于在陡峭条件下具有较高的掘进效率，在倾斜巷道中得到了广泛的应用。然而，影响TBM掘进效率的关键因素——锥形刀盘的排泥效率受到不可避免的导孔偏差的显著影响。在这项研究中，采用离散元法综合模拟，包括下降、铲泥和排出阶段，分析了陡峭条件下带先导孔的锥形刀盘的泥流特性。然后以排渣效率和残余渣土效率作为定量指标，评价刀盘的排渣性能和刀盘二次磨损。此外，还研究了导孔偏差距离（DD）和导孔偏差角度（DA）对排渣性能的交互影响。根据各种工程要求，提出了确定导孔允许偏差的加权多因素分析方法。对于刀盘直径为7690 mm，锥角为15°，导孔为2500 mm，掘进倾角为55°的特定斜井，结果表明，当DA=112.5°时，DD达到最小值。具体而言，当减少二次切削齿磨损时，最小DD=183 mm，当提高排渣性能时，最小DD= 401 mm。研究结果为确定斜孔导孔位置参数提供了理论指导。

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引用次数: 0