Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102962
Hong Liu, Xuran Zhou, Kun Gao, Yun Ju
In the realm of cloud computing, effective resource allocation can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of datacenters. Task scheduling and Virtual Machine Placement (VMP) are two pivotal aspects of resource allocation. However, in current research, they are often treated separately, overlooking the potential for integrated optimization. In this paper, we propose an integrated solution for task scheduling and VMP in energy-efficient datacenters, based on queueing theory and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods. This novel and comprehensive approach provides an alternative perspective for resource scheduling strategies in datacenters. We construct a queueing theory model for task scheduling, aiming to minimize the number of VMs that need to be instantiated, while ensuring that Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation remains at a low level. Furthermore, we design a VMP algorithm based on DRL for real-time selection of Physical Hosts (PHs) for deploying VMs. Finally, we conduct a simulation evaluation using a small-scale datacenter. The experimental results demonstrate that our method consistently ensures a lower rate of SLA violation. Compared to existing algorithms, the DRL-based VMP algorithm enables a more balanced utilization of the various resources in the PHs and reduces the total power consumption of the datacenter by more than 10% on average.
{"title":"An integrated optimization method to task scheduling and VM placement for green datacenters","authors":"Hong Liu, Xuran Zhou, Kun Gao, Yun Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the realm of cloud computing, effective resource allocation can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of datacenters. Task scheduling and Virtual Machine Placement (VMP) are two pivotal aspects of resource allocation. However, in current research, they are often treated separately, overlooking the potential for integrated optimization. In this paper, we propose an integrated solution for task scheduling and VMP in energy-efficient datacenters, based on queueing theory and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods. This novel and comprehensive approach provides an alternative perspective for resource scheduling strategies in datacenters. We construct a queueing theory model for task scheduling, aiming to minimize the number of VMs that need to be instantiated, while ensuring that Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation remains at a low level. Furthermore, we design a VMP algorithm based on DRL for real-time selection of Physical Hosts (PHs) for deploying VMs. Finally, we conduct a simulation evaluation using a small-scale datacenter. The experimental results demonstrate that our method consistently ensures a lower rate of SLA violation. Compared to existing algorithms, the DRL-based VMP algorithm enables a more balanced utilization of the various resources in the PHs and reduces the total power consumption of the datacenter by more than 10% on average.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102959
Muhammad Imran , Dagang Wang , Yunlai Zhou , Lihua Wang , Magd Abdel Wahab
In this paper, the fretting wear behaviour of steel wires working in coal mining technology is studied numerically. In past studies, the fretting process of steel wires was carried out numerically considering that the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear coefficient (WC) are constant parameters. However, it has been noticed experimentally that COF increases up to a certain number of fretting cycles and then becomes constant, i.e. a steady-state stage, depending on the loading conditions. This increase in COF during the fretting process is also known as the running-up stage. The fretting wear model is modified to evaluate the influence of the varying coefficient of friction (VCOF), which is associated with the variable wear coefficient (VWC), so the influence of VWC is also considered. The subroutine UMESHMOTION used to implement the wear law is also modified to study the effect of VCOF and VWC. Therefore, in this study, the numerical results of a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model are compared, with analytical results of contact area and contact stresses, and with experimental results of peak wear depth. After validating the FE model, the wear scar, the increasing wear depth, wear volume, and the decreasing contact stress with increasing fretting cycles are determined numerically considering VCOF and VWC using cycle jump approach. The energy dissipation effect of frictional force and fretting amplitude is also studied for varying interaction properties of fretting wear models. The numerical simulations are performed by considering both elastic and plastic material properties to analyse the influence of varying interaction properties on fretting wear models at the running-up stage. The results indicate that the VWC model exhibits comparable impacts on both the elastic and plastic models. The results also show that the VWC fretting wear model leads to higher wear scar, wear volume, and wear depth values at the running-up stage as well as at the steady state stage, which are close to the experimental data.
{"title":"Simulation of fretting wear in steel wires under variable coefficient of friction and variable wear coefficient","authors":"Muhammad Imran , Dagang Wang , Yunlai Zhou , Lihua Wang , Magd Abdel Wahab","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the fretting wear behaviour of steel wires working in coal mining technology is studied numerically. In past studies, the fretting process of steel wires was carried out numerically considering that the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear coefficient (WC) are constant parameters. However, it has been noticed experimentally that COF increases up to a certain number of fretting cycles and then becomes constant, i.e. a steady-state stage, depending on the loading conditions. This increase in COF during the fretting process is also known as the running-up stage. The fretting wear model is modified to evaluate the influence of the varying coefficient of friction (VCOF), which is associated with the variable wear coefficient (VWC), so the influence of VWC is also considered. The subroutine UMESHMOTION used to implement the wear law is also modified to study the effect of VCOF and VWC. Therefore, in this study, the numerical results of a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model are compared, with analytical results of contact area and contact stresses, and with experimental results of peak wear depth. After validating the FE model, the wear scar, the increasing wear depth, wear volume, and the decreasing contact stress with increasing fretting cycles are determined numerically considering VCOF and VWC using cycle jump approach. The energy dissipation effect of frictional force and fretting amplitude is also studied for varying interaction properties of fretting wear models. The numerical simulations are performed by considering both elastic and plastic material properties to analyse the influence of varying interaction properties on fretting wear models at the running-up stage. The results indicate that the VWC model exhibits comparable impacts on both the elastic and plastic models. The results also show that the VWC fretting wear model leads to higher wear scar, wear volume, and wear depth values at the running-up stage as well as at the steady state stage, which are close to the experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102961
Farshid Jafarian , Mohsen Bahrami , Mohammad Meghdad Fallah , Mohammad Malekan
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been utilized in many industries including automotive, aerospace, and medical. AM Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy is highly noticed for production of medical instruments such as dental implants and the machining process is mostly needed during the production or post-processing of these components. Numerical model, as a powerful tool, can be efficiently used for analyzing the machining process. A customized model was employed using a user-written subroutine in this work to evaluate machinability and microstructural changes in cryogenic machining of AM Ti64 alloy. For this purpose, the microstructural changes were simulated as the new numerical outputs. The numerical results of cutting forces, temperature, nano-hardness, and alpha lamellae thickness (grain size) were successfully verified by corresponding experiments from literature. Then, the impact of tool geometry (including rake and clearance angles, cutting edge radius, and nose radius) on the machinability performance was examined. It was found that, the variation of clearance and rake angles were more effective on depth of the hardened layer compared to the other parameters. Thickness of alpha lamellae phase near the machined surface and depth of the affected layer by nano-hardness changes were changed from 0.9 to 1.58 µm, and from 18 to 40 µm, respectively. Overall, it was concluded that the variation of insert positioning made by tool holder (change in rake and clearance angles) was an effective parameter on the process outputs when machining AM Ti64 alloy.
金属增材制造(AM)技术已应用于汽车、航空航天和医疗等多个行业。AM Ti6Al4V (Ti64) 合金在牙科植入物等医疗器械的生产中备受关注,而在这些部件的生产或后处理过程中大多需要机械加工。数值模型作为一种功能强大的工具,可有效用于分析加工过程。本研究使用用户编写的子程序定制了一个模型,以评估 AM Ti64 合金低温加工过程中的可加工性和微观结构变化。为此,微观结构变化被模拟为新的数值输出。切削力、温度、纳米硬度和阿尔法薄片厚度(晶粒大小)的数值结果已通过文献中的相应实验成功验证。然后,研究了刀具几何形状(包括前角和间隙角、切削刃半径和刀头半径)对加工性能的影响。结果发现,与其他参数相比,间隙角和前角的变化对淬硬层深度的影响更大。加工表面附近的阿尔法薄片相厚度和受纳米硬度变化影响的硬化层深度分别从 0.9 微米到 1.58 微米,以及从 18 微米到 40 微米。总之,在加工 AM Ti64 合金时,刀柄对刀片定位的变化(前角和间隙角的变化)是影响加工输出的有效参数。
{"title":"Numerical analysis of machinability and surface alterations in cryogenic machining of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy","authors":"Farshid Jafarian , Mohsen Bahrami , Mohammad Meghdad Fallah , Mohammad Malekan","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been utilized in many industries including automotive, aerospace, and medical. AM Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy is highly noticed for production of medical instruments such as dental implants and the machining process is mostly needed during the production or post-processing of these components. Numerical model, as a powerful tool, can be efficiently used for analyzing the machining process. A customized model was employed using a user-written subroutine in this work to evaluate machinability and microstructural changes in cryogenic machining of AM Ti64 alloy. For this purpose, the microstructural changes were simulated as the new numerical outputs. The numerical results of cutting forces, temperature, nano-hardness, and alpha lamellae thickness (grain size) were successfully verified by corresponding experiments from literature. Then, the impact of tool geometry (including rake and clearance angles, cutting edge radius, and nose radius) on the machinability performance was examined. It was found that, the variation of clearance and rake angles were more effective on depth of the hardened layer compared to the other parameters. Thickness of alpha lamellae phase near the machined surface and depth of the affected layer by nano-hardness changes were changed from 0.9 to 1.58 µm, and from 18 to 40 µm, respectively. Overall, it was concluded that the variation of insert positioning made by tool holder (change in rake and clearance angles) was an effective parameter on the process outputs when machining AM Ti64 alloy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141052796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102960
Lianyin Jia , Sisi Li , Yuna Zhang , Yinong Chen , Xiaohui Yuan , Jiaman Ding
Set superset query is widely used in e-commerce processing and many other domains, particularly in cloud computing environments. Indexing is an efficient way to model e-commerce data. Many existing indexes, however, primarily focus on enhancing either query performance or space efficiency, often neglecting the need to strike a balance between these two factors. We have observed that upper nodes closer to the root of a tree are frequently accessed, while lower nodes near the leaves tend to entail expensive storage costs. To address this issue, we introduce TLI model, a trie and level-ordered unary degree sequence (LOUDS) hybrid model. The upper part of TLI is a trie, which is optimized for superior query performance. The lower part of TLI uses the LOUDS structure. TLI strikes a good balance between query performance and space utilization. To seamlessly integrate these two parts, we have developed efficient connecting strategies. Our simulation results on localhost demonstrate that TLI outperforms its competitors in terms of both space and time efficiency. Remarkably, it enhances query performance by up to 1.89 times, with a modest 6.72% increase in space overhead compared to LOUDS-based alternatives.
{"title":"Trie and LOUDS hybrid model for efficient e-commerce processing in cloud environment","authors":"Lianyin Jia , Sisi Li , Yuna Zhang , Yinong Chen , Xiaohui Yuan , Jiaman Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Set superset query is widely used in e-commerce processing and many other domains, particularly in cloud computing environments. Indexing is an efficient way to model e-commerce data. Many existing indexes, however, primarily focus on enhancing either query performance or space efficiency, often neglecting the need to strike a balance between these two factors. We have observed that upper nodes closer to the root of a tree are frequently accessed, while lower nodes near the leaves tend to entail expensive storage costs. To address this issue, we introduce TLI model, a trie and level-ordered unary degree sequence (LOUDS) hybrid model. The upper part of TLI is a trie, which is optimized for superior query performance. The lower part of TLI uses the LOUDS structure. TLI strikes a good balance between query performance and space utilization. To seamlessly integrate these two parts, we have developed efficient connecting strategies. Our simulation results on localhost demonstrate that TLI outperforms its competitors in terms of both space and time efficiency. Remarkably, it enhances query performance by up to 1.89 times, with a modest 6.72% increase in space overhead compared to LOUDS-based alternatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102955
Huu-Tu Dang, Benoit Gaudou, Nicolas Verstaevel
Pedestrian modeling and simulation has become an interesting topic that has gained scientists’ interest over the past few decades. While this field has yielded significant achievements in various applications, questions have been raised regarding the applicability of simulations in high-density scenarios. To this purpose, this paper comprehensively reviews pedestrian simulation models specifically focused on high-density situations. The review examines a total of 116 articles and categorizes their approaches for modeling pedestrian behaviors to different decisional levels. The strengths and limitations of these modeling approaches are compared and evaluated using different criteria for dense crowd simulations, such as their ability to simulate common emergent behaviors in crowded situations, performance, validation, and capacity to integrate into high-level modeling. Finally, the review provides potential directions for future research and development of dense crowd simulations.
{"title":"A literature review of dense crowd simulation","authors":"Huu-Tu Dang, Benoit Gaudou, Nicolas Verstaevel","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pedestrian modeling and simulation has become an interesting topic that has gained scientists’ interest over the past few decades. While this field has yielded significant achievements in various applications, questions have been raised regarding the applicability of simulations in high-density scenarios. To this purpose, this paper comprehensively reviews pedestrian simulation models specifically focused on high-density situations. The review examines a total of 116 articles and categorizes their approaches for modeling pedestrian behaviors to different decisional levels. The strengths and limitations of these modeling approaches are compared and evaluated using different criteria for dense crowd simulations, such as their ability to simulate common emergent behaviors in crowded situations, performance, validation, and capacity to integrate into high-level modeling. Finally, the review provides potential directions for future research and development of dense crowd simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102958
Yang Liu , Jingxian Liu , Yi Liu , Qian Zhang , Jingwen Shu , Yijun Zhang
As global shipping undergoes rapid expansion, pivotal waterway transport systems—including significant nodes like the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, and the Three Gorges-Gezhouba dams—are increasingly emerging as system-wide bottlenecks that limit transportation capabilities. Recognizing the pressing need for efficient traffic organization at these critical junctures, we designed a hybrid simulation model, which integrates Cellular Automaton and Multi-Agent methods, to analyse traffic efficiency and evaluate different ship organization schemes at these key waterway nodes. The Three Gorges-Gezhouba dams serve as a case study, where we crafted and executed four simulation scenarios that accommodate a range of variables such as different traffic organization schemes, traffic flow volumes, and anchorage capacities. Key operational indicators such as the maximum average waiting time of ships at the anchorage, and the period when the anchorage along the waterway reaches saturation, provide insights into the system's operational condition. The simulation outcomes highlight the proposed model's capability to accurately quantify the impact of implementing a linkage-control scheme and underscore the utility of dynamic adjustment of water area ranges under linkage-control for managing various traffic scenarios. Consequently, our research not only enriches high-precision simulation methodologies but also bolsters decision-making processes concerning ship traffic organization at Waterway Transport Key Nodes.
{"title":"Simulation modelling and analysis of linkage-controlled traffic scheme in Waterway Transport Key Nodes","authors":"Yang Liu , Jingxian Liu , Yi Liu , Qian Zhang , Jingwen Shu , Yijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As global shipping undergoes rapid expansion, pivotal waterway transport systems—including significant nodes like the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, and the Three Gorges-Gezhouba dams—are increasingly emerging as system-wide bottlenecks that limit transportation capabilities. Recognizing the pressing need for efficient traffic organization at these critical junctures, we designed a hybrid simulation model, which integrates Cellular Automaton and Multi-Agent methods, to analyse traffic efficiency and evaluate different ship organization schemes at these key waterway nodes. The Three Gorges-Gezhouba dams serve as a case study, where we crafted and executed four simulation scenarios that accommodate a range of variables such as different traffic organization schemes, traffic flow volumes, and anchorage capacities. Key operational indicators such as the maximum average waiting time of ships at the anchorage, and the period when the anchorage along the waterway reaches saturation, provide insights into the system's operational condition. The simulation outcomes highlight the proposed model's capability to accurately quantify the impact of implementing a linkage-control scheme and underscore the utility of dynamic adjustment of water area ranges under linkage-control for managing various traffic scenarios. Consequently, our research not only enriches high-precision simulation methodologies but also bolsters decision-making processes concerning ship traffic organization at Waterway Transport Key Nodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102957
Hai Yang, Ethan Wong, Haggai Davis III, Joseph Y.J. Chow
Simulation plays a crucial role in transportation studies. However, most simulation tools are individually developed to tackle specific transportation problems, making it challenging to incorporate multiple simulation tools into a unified setting and generate collaborative output. In this study, we develop a co-simulation system that integrates MATSim with an external fleet-based simulator to extend MATSim's functionalities. The overall structure enables the integration of MATSim simulation and multiple external simulations, which results in a cohesive simulation output. Though only one external simulator engages in the current development, the framework can be easily adapted to involve more fleet-based simulators that meet the system requirements. As a result, more complex transportation systems can be simulated using the framework without the need to develop these dedicated MATSim extensions, e.g. any new fleet algorithm from emergent R&D. The developed co-simulation system is named the Fleet Demand (FD) Simulator. We demonstrate the functionality of the FD Simulator by showcasing a simulation scenario involving MATSim and a ride-pooling simulator, which integrates novel ride-pooling services into the MATSim environment. First, we show the co-simulation system's capability to generate reliable results consistent with those produced by using the "DRT" extension-enabled MATSim. Less than 10 % discrepancies between the two results are observed. We then use the FD Simulator to evaluate ride-pooling services under various scenarios, where we assign different service parameters to two service fleets. Operations of the two fleets are simulated in two separate external simulation environments, showcasing the FD simulator's ability of engaging multiple simultaneous simulations. The affected service parameters are not adjustable in the "DRT" extension, showing the advantage of the co-simulation system. By running these scenarios using the FD Simulator, travel decisions made by agents in MATSim are observed when facing heterogeneous ride-pooling services. The results highlight the relevance of the co-simulation system in evaluating complex transportation systems.
{"title":"A co-simulation system that integrates MATSim with a set of external fleet simulations","authors":"Hai Yang, Ethan Wong, Haggai Davis III, Joseph Y.J. Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simulation plays a crucial role in transportation studies. However, most simulation tools are individually developed to tackle specific transportation problems, making it challenging to incorporate multiple simulation tools into a unified setting and generate collaborative output. In this study, we develop a co-simulation system that integrates MATSim with an external fleet-based simulator to extend MATSim's functionalities. The overall structure enables the integration of MATSim simulation and multiple external simulations, which results in a cohesive simulation output. Though only one external simulator engages in the current development, the framework can be easily adapted to involve more fleet-based simulators that meet the system requirements. As a result, more complex transportation systems can be simulated using the framework without the need to develop these dedicated MATSim extensions, e.g. any new fleet algorithm from emergent R&D. The developed co-simulation system is named the Fleet Demand (FD) Simulator. We demonstrate the functionality of the FD Simulator by showcasing a simulation scenario involving MATSim and a ride-pooling simulator, which integrates novel ride-pooling services into the MATSim environment. First, we show the co-simulation system's capability to generate reliable results consistent with those produced by using the \"DRT\" extension-enabled MATSim. Less than 10 % discrepancies between the two results are observed. We then use the FD Simulator to evaluate ride-pooling services under various scenarios, where we assign different service parameters to two service fleets. Operations of the two fleets are simulated in two separate external simulation environments, showcasing the FD simulator's ability of engaging multiple simultaneous simulations. The affected service parameters are not adjustable in the \"DRT\" extension, showing the advantage of the co-simulation system. By running these scenarios using the FD Simulator, travel decisions made by agents in MATSim are observed when facing heterogeneous ride-pooling services. The results highlight the relevance of the co-simulation system in evaluating complex transportation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102956
Vasileios-Menelaos Koufopanos, Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos
Iron losses appear in Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) mostly because of the rotor's movement, but also because of the fluctuation of the control current in the stator's coils. They can be divided into three categories: the hysteresis losses, the eddy current losses and the excess losses and while they depend significantly on the rotating speed and the magnetic flux density applied on the poles, the most contributing factor is the magnetic material used for the core. In this paper, a 2-D Finite Element Method transient model is used to simulate the rotational motion of the shaft inside the AMB and calculate the iron losses that occur due to the alternating magnetic flux inside the rotor, as well as the mechanical load capacity on the vertical direction of the AMB for each case. A simulation is carried out, at first, for a constant control current value and a speed range of 0–30,000 rpm, followed by a second one, for constant rotational speed and control current values 0–0.5 A. Geometry remains the same for all simulations. When it comes to the materials selected for the stator and the rotor, the cases of Hiperco 27, Hiperco 50 and Hiperco 50 HS laminations are tested. The iron losses of the three alloys are compared to the losses of 3 % silicon-iron. The results show that the three iron cobalt alloys have significantly lower losses than the silicon iron for the same AMB size and rotor's speeds. Hiperco 50 has the lowest loss among the three Hiperco alloys, while Hiperco 50 HS provides slightly higher mechanical load capacity under the same operating conditions.
有源磁悬浮轴承(AMB)中出现铁损的主要原因是转子的运动,但也因为定子线圈中控制电流的波动。它们可分为三类:磁滞损耗、涡流损耗和过剩损耗,虽然它们在很大程度上取决于转速和施加在磁极上的磁通密度,但最主要的影响因素是磁芯所用的磁性材料。本文采用二维有限元法瞬态模型模拟 AMB 内部轴的旋转运动,计算转子内部交变磁通造成的铁损,以及每种情况下 AMB 垂直方向上的机械负载能力。首先对恒定的控制电流值和 0-30,000 rpm 的转速范围进行模拟,然后对恒定的转速和 0-0.5 A 的控制电流值进行模拟。在定子和转子的材料选择方面,对 Hiperco 27、Hiperco 50 和 Hiperco 50 HS 薄片进行了测试。这三种合金的铁损耗与 3% 硅铁的损耗进行了比较。结果表明,在相同的 AMB 尺寸和转子速度下,三种铁钴合金的损耗明显低于硅铁。在三种 Hiperco 合金中,Hiperco 50 的损耗最低,而 Hiperco 50 HS 在相同工作条件下的机械负载能力略高。
{"title":"Finite element simulation of iron losses for an Active Magnetic Bearing–Rotor system constructed of Hiperco laminations","authors":"Vasileios-Menelaos Koufopanos, Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron losses appear in Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) mostly because of the rotor's movement, but also because of the fluctuation of the control current in the stator's coils. They can be divided into three categories: the hysteresis losses, the eddy current losses and the excess losses and while they depend significantly on the rotating speed and the magnetic flux density applied on the poles, the most contributing factor is the magnetic material used for the core. In this paper, a 2-D Finite Element Method transient model is used to simulate the rotational motion of the shaft inside the AMB and calculate the iron losses that occur due to the alternating magnetic flux inside the rotor, as well as the mechanical load capacity on the vertical direction of the AMB for each case. A simulation is carried out, at first, for a constant control current value and a speed range of 0–30,000 rpm, followed by a second one, for constant rotational speed and control current values 0–0.5 A. Geometry remains the same for all simulations. When it comes to the materials selected for the stator and the rotor, the cases of Hiperco 27, Hiperco 50 and Hiperco 50 HS laminations are tested. The iron losses of the three alloys are compared to the losses of 3 % silicon-iron. The results show that the three iron cobalt alloys have significantly lower losses than the silicon iron for the same AMB size and rotor's speeds. Hiperco 50 has the lowest loss among the three Hiperco alloys, while Hiperco 50 HS provides slightly higher mechanical load capacity under the same operating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, an accurate and reliable traffic forecast is meaningful in making the right decisions for traffic management systems in vehicular environments. Nevertheless, traffic flow prediction is a significant challenge in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) that has taken much attention. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a hybrid traffic prediction model based on Prophet model and Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM), called Hyper-Flophet, to predict next traffic flow. Hyper-Flophet model adopts the traditional neural prophet model but with major parameter tuning. First, we propose an efficient algorithm for predicting the traffic flow trend then, we develop an interactive LSTM (I-LSTM) model for auto-regression components. After that, we implement a new future regressor component called network mobility and finally, we enhance the event and holiday component by introducing exponential growth term. Through simulations with real VANET data, we show that the proposed hybrid approach can achieve superior forecasting performance over other models.
如今,准确可靠的交通流量预测对于车辆环境中的交通管理系统做出正确决策意义重大。然而,在车载 Ad Hoc 网络(VANET)中,交通流量预测是一项重大挑战,备受关注。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种基于先知模型和长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的混合交通预测模型,称为 Hyper-Flophet,用于预测下一个交通流。Hyper-Flophet 模型采用了传统的神经先知模型,但对参数进行了重大调整。首先,我们提出了一种预测交通流趋势的高效算法,然后开发了一种用于自动回归组件的交互式 LSTM(I-LSTM)模型。之后,我们实施了一个名为网络流动性的新未来回归组件,最后,我们通过引入指数增长项增强了事件和假日组件。通过对真实 VANET 数据的仿真,我们发现所提出的混合方法可以实现优于其他模型的预测性能。
{"title":"Hyper-Flophet: A neural Prophet-based model for traffic flow forecasting in transportation systems","authors":"Kawthar Zaraket , Hassan Harb , Ismail Bennis , Ali Jaber , Abedalhafid Abouaissa","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, an accurate and reliable traffic forecast is meaningful in making the right decisions for traffic management systems in vehicular environments. Nevertheless, traffic flow prediction is a significant challenge in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) that has taken much attention. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a hybrid traffic prediction model based on Prophet model and Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM), called Hyper-Flophet, to predict next traffic flow. Hyper-Flophet model adopts the traditional neural prophet model but with major parameter tuning. First, we propose an efficient algorithm for predicting the traffic flow trend then, we develop an interactive LSTM (I-LSTM) model for auto-regression components. After that, we implement a new future regressor component called network mobility and finally, we enhance the event and holiday component by introducing exponential growth term. Through simulations with real VANET data, we show that the proposed hybrid approach can achieve superior forecasting performance over other models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102953
M.M. Bello , Z. Mohamed , M.Ö. Efe , H. Ishak
In industries, cranes are commonly used for transportation of a distributed-mass payload (DMP). However, analysis of the dynamic characteristics of such a system is limited since most of the research work considered a point-mass payload. This paper presents modelling and analysis of dynamic characteristics of a double-pendulum overhead crane carrying a DMP with and without payload hoisting. Nonlinear dynamic models representing the crane in both scenarios are derived. The effects of varying cable lengths, and carrying different payload masses and lengths on the dynamics of hook and payload oscillations are also studied. Simulations are performed to observe the dynamic characteristics of the crane under several conditions, and experiments are carried out to validate the theory and simulation results, and to assess the accuracy of the derived nonlinear dynamic equations. The results demonstrate that the payload oscillation is significantly affected by changes in the cable lengths and DMP parameters. In addition, satisfactory agreements between simulation and experimental results are achieved, which indicate validity of the nonlinear models and good compliance with the theory. It is envisaged that the dynamic characteristic analyses of the crane can be beneficial in designing efficient controllers, especially in suppressing DMP oscillation.
{"title":"Modelling and dynamic characterisation of a double-pendulum overhead crane carrying a distributed-mass payload","authors":"M.M. Bello , Z. Mohamed , M.Ö. Efe , H. Ishak","doi":"10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2024.102953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In industries, cranes are commonly used for transportation of a distributed-mass payload (DMP). However, analysis of the dynamic characteristics of such a system is limited since most of the research work considered a point-mass payload. This paper presents modelling and analysis of dynamic characteristics of a double-pendulum overhead crane carrying a DMP with and without payload hoisting. Nonlinear dynamic models representing the crane in both scenarios are derived. The effects of varying cable lengths, and carrying different payload masses and lengths on the dynamics of hook and payload oscillations are also studied. Simulations are performed to observe the dynamic characteristics of the crane under several conditions, and experiments are carried out to validate the theory and simulation results, and to assess the accuracy of the derived nonlinear dynamic equations. The results demonstrate that the payload oscillation is significantly affected by changes in the cable lengths and DMP parameters. In addition, satisfactory agreements between simulation and experimental results are achieved, which indicate validity of the nonlinear models and good compliance with the theory. It is envisaged that the dynamic characteristic analyses of the crane can be beneficial in designing efficient controllers, especially in suppressing DMP oscillation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49518,"journal":{"name":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}