Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060098
O. M. Potyutko, Yu. A. Pastukhova, A. G. Synkova, L. V. Shelokhovskaya
Abstract
The paper examines the influence of seasonal ice and prevalent type of recharge on the formation and functioning of zoobenthos communities in the coastal shallow zone of water bodies located north of 35° N. It was revealed that in the coastal shallow zone, zoobenthos species do not form communities but are represented by seasonal ephemeral groups. These habitations reach the maximum species diversity and qualitative development in July. Recommendations are given on the frequency of zoobenthos sampling to determine the water quality and an ecological status of a water body.
{"title":"Influence of Hydrological Factors on the Functioning of Hydrobiological Communities and Water Quality Assessment","authors":"O. M. Potyutko, Yu. A. Pastukhova, A. G. Synkova, L. V. Shelokhovskaya","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060098","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper examines the influence of seasonal ice and prevalent type of recharge on the formation and functioning of zoobenthos communities in the coastal shallow zone of water bodies located north of 35° N. It was revealed that in the coastal shallow zone, zoobenthos species do not form communities but are represented by seasonal ephemeral groups. These habitations reach the maximum species diversity and qualitative development in July. Recommendations are given on the frequency of zoobenthos sampling to determine the water quality and an ecological status of a water body.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060050
V. N. Marichev, D. A. Bochkovskii, A. I. Elizarov
Abstract
Processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distributions in the middle atmosphere (in the altitude range of 15–60 km) over Tomsk, which were obtained on the basis of routine measurements at the lidar station of the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period 2010–2020, have been performed. Based on the experimental data, regional features of the intra- and inter-annual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia have been revealed, and a vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere that is more appropriate to the real conditions of the region has been proposed.
{"title":"Features of the Thermal Regime of the Middle Atmosphere over Western Siberia from the Data of Many-year Lidar Monitoring","authors":"V. N. Marichev, D. A. Bochkovskii, A. I. Elizarov","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060050","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distributions in the middle atmosphere (in the altitude range of 15–60 km) over Tomsk, which were obtained on the basis of routine measurements at the lidar station of the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period 2010–2020, have been performed. Based on the experimental data, regional features of the intra- and inter-annual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia have been revealed, and a vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere that is more appropriate to the real conditions of the region has been proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060104
N. S. Ivanova, I. N. Kuznetsova, E. A. Lezina
Abstract
The review is compiled according to the results of the total ozone (TO) monitoring system operation for the CIS and Baltic countries. The system functions in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers, being under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the entire system functioning is operationally controlled in CAO by comparison with the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the first quarter of 2024 and for the first quarter as a whole. The data of routine surface ozone observations in the Moscow region are also summarized.
摘要 根据独联体和波罗的海国家臭氧总量（TO）监测系统的运行结果编写了这篇综述。该系统在中央气象台（CAO）的运行模式下工作。监测系统使用的数据来自配备有 M-124 过滤臭氧测量仪的国家网络，由主要地球物理观测站进行方法监督。CAO 通过与 OMI 卫星设备（美国国家航空航天局）的观测数据进行比较，对整个系统的运行质量进行控制。对 2024 年第一季度每个月和整个第一季度的基本 TO 观测数据进行了归纳。此外，还总结了莫斯科地区常规地表臭氧观测数据。
{"title":"Ozone Content over the Russian Federation in the First Quarter of 2024","authors":"N. S. Ivanova, I. N. Kuznetsova, E. A. Lezina","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060104","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The review is compiled according to the results of the total ozone (TO) monitoring system operation for the CIS and Baltic countries. The system functions in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers, being under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the entire system functioning is operationally controlled in CAO by comparison with the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the first quarter of 2024 and for the first quarter as a whole. The data of routine surface ozone observations in the Moscow region are also summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060074
V. N. Stasenko, V. A. Shapovalov, T. Kh. Guzoev, Z. Kh. Guchaeva, I. Kh. Mashukov
Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution of the lightning activity radar characteristics and parameters for two supercells with a lifetime of more than 10 hours in the North Caucasus on August 19, 2015 is analyzed. It has been shown that despite similar radar characteristics of clouds, there were significant differences in the parameters of the supercell lightning activity. The data on variations in the types of lightnings, their polarity and current characteristics are interpreted in terms of their diagnostic and prognostic potential. The need for further studies on the spatiotemporal structure of the electrically active zones of deep convective clouds is considered.
{"title":"Analysis of the Variations in the Lightning Activity of a Hail Process (August 19, 2015, the North Caucasus)","authors":"V. N. Stasenko, V. A. Shapovalov, T. Kh. Guzoev, Z. Kh. Guchaeva, I. Kh. Mashukov","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060074","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The spatiotemporal distribution of the lightning activity radar characteristics and parameters for two supercells with a lifetime of more than 10 hours in the North Caucasus on August 19, 2015 is analyzed. It has been shown that despite similar radar characteristics of clouds, there were significant differences in the parameters of the supercell lightning activity. The data on variations in the types of lightnings, their polarity and current characteristics are interpreted in terms of their diagnostic and prognostic potential. The need for further studies on the spatiotemporal structure of the electrically active zones of deep convective clouds is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060013
M. Yu. Bardin, T. V. Platova, O. F. Samokhina
Abstract
In the study, the large-scale heat waves manifested in one or more latitudinal zones of European Russia: south of 50° N, within 50°–60° N, and north of 60° N are considered. For each zone, the changes in the total seasonal duration of heat waves since the beginning of the 20th century and associated changes in the average seasonal temperature in the region are analyzed. For the periods 1901–1960 and 1961–2020, the total number of waves for different gradations of their duration has been obtained. A catalog of the largest (extreme) heat waves with a duration of three weeks or more with possible transitions between the zones has been compiled: there has been only 11 such waves since the beginning of the 20th century, including 6 waves after 2000. For these heat waves, their correspondence to the phases of the EA/WR, AMO, and PDO climate modes was analyzed. For three of them (1972, 2010, and 2016), the description of the geographical structure (temperature, mid-tropospheric circulation) and evolution according to the data on the circulation in the middle (including the correspondence to the episodes of anticyclonic quasistationary circulation (AQC)) and upper troposphere was performed. It has been found that at the stage when the tropospheric ridge over European Russia penetrates into high latitudes, additional blocking structures similar to the Rossby wave breaking appear, which seemingly prolong the persistence of the AQC region over European Russia.
{"title":"Extreme Heat Waves and Extreme Summer Seasons in European Russia","authors":"M. Yu. Bardin, T. V. Platova, O. F. Samokhina","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the study, the large-scale heat waves manifested in one or more latitudinal zones of European Russia: south of 50° N, within 50°–60° N, and north of 60° N are considered. For each zone, the changes in the total seasonal duration of heat waves since the beginning of the 20th century and associated changes in the average seasonal temperature in the region are analyzed. For the periods 1901–1960 and 1961–2020, the total number of waves for different gradations of their duration has been obtained. A catalog of the largest (extreme) heat waves with a duration of three weeks or more with possible transitions between the zones has been compiled: there has been only 11 such waves since the beginning of the 20th century, including 6 waves after 2000. For these heat waves, their correspondence to the phases of the EA/WR, AMO, and PDO climate modes was analyzed. For three of them (1972, 2010, and 2016), the description of the geographical structure (temperature, mid-tropospheric circulation) and evolution according to the data on the circulation in the middle (including the correspondence to the episodes of anticyclonic quasistationary circulation (AQC)) and upper troposphere was performed. It has been found that at the stage when the tropospheric ridge over European Russia penetrates into high latitudes, additional blocking structures similar to the Rossby wave breaking appear, which seemingly prolong the persistence of the AQC region over European Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060086
N. I. Grigoryeva, E. V. Zhuravel’
Abstract
A hypoxic zone with dissolved oxygen concentrations of 3.0–3.6 mL/L (42–51% saturation) was first discovered in the bottom depression in the Srednyaya Cove (between the Pushchin and Pashinnikov capes) in Vostok Bay in July–September 2021. It existed from mid-July to mid-September. It was revealed that the surveyed area was characterized by high concentrations of phosphates at bottom horizons and organic carbon in sediments. It was shown that the formation of the hypoxic zone occurred as the result of an increase in the anthropogenic impact on this sea area.
{"title":"The First Detection of Hypoxia in Vostok Bay (the Sea of Japan)","authors":"N. I. Grigoryeva, E. V. Zhuravel’","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060086","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A hypoxic zone with dissolved oxygen concentrations of 3.0–3.6 mL/L (42–51% saturation) was first discovered in the bottom depression in the Srednyaya Cove (between the Pushchin and Pashinnikov capes) in Vostok Bay in July–September 2021. It existed from mid-July to mid-September. It was revealed that the surveyed area was characterized by high concentrations of phosphates at bottom horizons and organic carbon in sediments. It was shown that the formation of the hypoxic zone occurred as the result of an increase in the anthropogenic impact on this sea area.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060025
T. B. Titkova, A. N. Zolotokrylin
Abstract
The summer changes in the vertical heat and moisture fluxes in Russian landscape zones were analyzed in connection with the changes in the indices of the leading modes of general atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature, and air temperature. The series of the circulation indices and ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis data were used. The contribution of the general circulation modes, sea surface temperature, and air temperature to the changes in heat and moisture fluxes on Russian plain territories can vary from 40 to 90% depending on a landscape zone. The vertical fluxes of heat and moisture in European Russia and Western Siberia are largely dependent on the SCAND and EA/WR regional modes of atmospheric circulation. With a change in the phases of SCAND and EA/WR from positive to negative, a significant increase in the areas of influence of these modes on heat fluxes occurred in subarctic and boreal landscapes, and a decrease in the areas of influence on moisture divergence was registered in boreal and subboreal landscapes. In the summers of 1950–2021, trends in upward sensible heat fluxes were evident in subboreal landscapes of eastern European Russia (4–6%/10 years). The trends in upward latent heat fluxes in subarctic and boreal landscapes of Western Siberia were about 3%, and the ones in downward latent heat fluxes in subboreal landscapes made up about 5%. The trends in upward moisture fluxes in subarctic and northern boreal landscapes were registered at the level of 5–7%, and an increase in downward moisture fluxes by 10% was observed in subboreal landscapes.
{"title":"Influence of the Summer Changes in Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation on the Vertical Fluxes of Heat and Moisture in Russian Landscape Zones","authors":"T. B. Titkova, A. N. Zolotokrylin","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060025","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The summer changes in the vertical heat and moisture fluxes in Russian landscape zones were analyzed in connection with the changes in the indices of the leading modes of general atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature, and air temperature. The series of the circulation indices and ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis data were used. The contribution of the general circulation modes, sea surface temperature, and air temperature to the changes in heat and moisture fluxes on Russian plain territories can vary from 40 to 90% depending on a landscape zone. The vertical fluxes of heat and moisture in European Russia and Western Siberia are largely dependent on the SCAND and EA/WR regional modes of atmospheric circulation. With a change in the phases of SCAND and EA/WR from positive to negative, a significant increase in the areas of influence of these modes on heat fluxes occurred in subarctic and boreal landscapes, and a decrease in the areas of influence on moisture divergence was registered in boreal and subboreal landscapes. In the summers of 1950–2021, trends in upward sensible heat fluxes were evident in subboreal landscapes of eastern European Russia (4–6%/10 years). The trends in upward latent heat fluxes in subarctic and boreal landscapes of Western Siberia were about 3%, and the ones in downward latent heat fluxes in subboreal landscapes made up about 5%. The trends in upward moisture fluxes in subarctic and northern boreal landscapes were registered at the level of 5–7%, and an increase in downward moisture fluxes by 10% was observed in subboreal landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060062
V. N. Pavlova, O. V. Chernova, I. O. Alyabina, V. A. Romanenkov, A. A. Karachenkova
Abstract
The results of implementing a method for assessing the efficiency of the water reclamation and the regime of crop nutrition for 17 districts of the Rostov oblast in various weather conditions are presented. For the first time, the predominant soil type under winter wheat within the district and the corresponding soil characteristics have been determined as input data for the Climate–Soil–Yield system using the digital version of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1988). The estimated recourses for providing the wheat production with water and mineral nutrition for 2010–2020 range from 40 to 69% in the Millerovo district and from 73 to 85% in the Zernograd district. In the years with a relatively small yield potential, the level of mineral nutrition resources is high, which is caused by a decrease in the nutrient limitation effect, since radiation and thermal factors limit the maximum biomass and, consequently, the maximum uptake of nutrients by crops. Under adverse weather conditions, an increase in wheat yields is observed when complex melioration is carried out.
{"title":"Assessment of Control Impacts on Winter Wheat Productivity under Changing Agroclimatic Resources: A Case Study for the Rostov Oblast","authors":"V. N. Pavlova, O. V. Chernova, I. O. Alyabina, V. A. Romanenkov, A. A. Karachenkova","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060062","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of implementing a method for assessing the efficiency of the water reclamation and the regime of crop nutrition for 17 districts of the Rostov oblast in various weather conditions are presented. For the first time, the predominant soil type under winter wheat within the district and the corresponding soil characteristics have been determined as input data for the Climate–Soil–Yield system using the digital version of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1988). The estimated recourses for providing the wheat production with water and mineral nutrition for 2010–2020 range from 40 to 69% in the Millerovo district and from 73 to 85% in the Zernograd district. In the years with a relatively small yield potential, the level of mineral nutrition resources is high, which is caused by a decrease in the nutrient limitation effect, since radiation and thermal factors limit the maximum biomass and, consequently, the maximum uptake of nutrients by crops. Under adverse weather conditions, an increase in wheat yields is observed when complex melioration is carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060049
A. Nikahd, M. Shabani
Abstract
A unipolar ground-based weather radar is a widely-used instrument for rainfall measurement. These radar measurements, however, need to be calibrated for more accurate rainfall estimation. This article introduces a new calibration approach using time-stepwise processing of reflectivity–rainfall rate ((Z{-}R)) relationship. Based on the previous work utilizing the radar–rainfall relationship, this article hypothesizes that the rainfall measurement from a ground based radar are affected by the distance from radar, altitudes and rainfall time duration. Unipolar ground-based radar data sets for two consecutive years with 77 occurrences of rainfall from 39 stations in calibration window of three hours as well as the corresponding rainfall measured from registered rain gauges were used in this study. The results indicated that it is better to use the radar–rainfall relationship (Z=aR^{b}) in view of the altitude effect ((H)) and empirical coefficient ((c)), such that (Z=aR^{b}H^{c}). The changes in the distance from the radar and duration of precipitation were evidently significant. For radar–rainfall relationship individually, the values of the determination coefficient (R^{2}) made up from 0.88 to 0.97, and those for this relationship in view of the altitude effect ((H)) were from 0.70 to 0.97. It is therefore concluded that the use of other effective parameters (distance from radar, altitude and rainfall time duration) leads to optimum accuracy of the (Z{-}R) relationship.
{"title":"New Calibration Formula for Radar–Rainfall Relationships Analysis","authors":"A. Nikahd, M. Shabani","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A unipolar ground-based weather radar is a widely-used instrument for rainfall measurement. These radar measurements, however, need to be calibrated for more accurate rainfall estimation. This article introduces a new calibration approach using time-stepwise processing of reflectivity–rainfall rate (<span>(Z{-}R)</span>) relationship. Based on the previous work utilizing the radar–rainfall relationship, this article hypothesizes that the rainfall measurement from a ground based radar are affected by the distance from radar, altitudes and rainfall time duration. Unipolar ground-based radar data sets for two consecutive years with 77 occurrences of rainfall from 39 stations in calibration window of three hours as well as the corresponding rainfall measured from registered rain gauges were used in this study. The results indicated that it is better to use the radar–rainfall relationship <span>(Z=aR^{b})</span> in view of the altitude effect (<span>(H)</span>) and empirical coefficient (<span>(c)</span>), such that <span>(Z=aR^{b}H^{c})</span>. The changes in the distance from the radar and duration of precipitation were evidently significant. For radar–rainfall relationship individually, the values of the determination coefficient <span>(R^{2})</span> made up from 0.88 to 0.97, and those for this relationship in view of the altitude effect (<span>(H)</span>) were from 0.70 to 0.97. It is therefore concluded that the use of other effective parameters (distance from radar, altitude and rainfall time duration) leads to optimum accuracy of the <span>(Z{-}R)</span> relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924060037
Ch. Meng, H. Li, J. Cui
Abstract
Soil moisture is a key parameter in land surface modeling. In this study, a variational data assimilation algorithm was applied to an integrated urban land model (IUM) to assimilate the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level-4 Soil Moisture product. The 10 cm soil moisture data observed in situ at eight sites was used for validation. A very simple analytical algorithm was developed to characterize the error weighting matrix in the cost function. The results indicated that with assimilation, the simulation results of the surface volumetric soil moisture improved in almost the whole research region as compared with the SMAP data. In most of the time periods, accuracy of simulated surface volumetric soil moisture increased. With assimilation, as compared with the observations at eight sites, the 10 cm volumetric soil moisture improved over the whole research time period.
{"title":"Variational Assimilation of the SMAP Surface Soil Moisture Retrievals into an Integrated Urban Land Model","authors":"Ch. Meng, H. Li, J. Cui","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924060037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924060037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Soil moisture is a key parameter in land surface modeling. In this study, a variational data assimilation algorithm was applied to an integrated urban land model (IUM) to assimilate the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level-4 Soil Moisture product. The 10 cm soil moisture data observed in situ at eight sites was used for validation. A very simple analytical algorithm was developed to characterize the error weighting matrix in the cost function. The results indicated that with assimilation, the simulation results of the surface volumetric soil moisture improved in almost the whole research region as compared with the SMAP data. In most of the time periods, accuracy of simulated surface volumetric soil moisture increased. With assimilation, as compared with the observations at eight sites, the 10 cm volumetric soil moisture improved over the whole research time period.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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