Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924040034
V. D. Bloshchinskiy, A. I. Andreev, L. S. Kramareva, A. N. Davidenko
Abstract
The paper presents an experience of using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular, neural networks to solve relevant problems of hydrometeorology. The results of the investigations at the Planeta State Research Center on Space Hydrometeorology in detecting clouds and snow cover from the Himawari, Electro-L, and Meteor-M satellite data, as well as on classifying cloud types according to the AHI instrument data (Himawari-8) are reported. The findings of the work on retrieving values of total ozone and water vapor according to the infrared sensing devices are demonstrated. The work on detecting the boundaries of the ice cover and river floods from medium- and high-resolution satellite instruments, as well as the technologies for temperature and humidity sensing in the microwave spectrum are considered. The studies have shown that the use of neural network technologies provides the required accuracy of the received hydrometeorological information and high speed of processing incoming data.
摘要本文介绍了使用人工智能技术，特别是神经网络解决相关水文气象问题的经验。报告了 Planeta 国家空间水文气象研究中心从 Himawari、Electro-L 和 Meteor-M 卫星数据中探测云和雪覆盖以及根据 AHI 仪器数据（Himawari-8）对云类型进行分类的研究结果。展示了根据红外传感设备检索臭氧和水蒸气总量值的工作成果。审议了利用中高分辨率卫星仪器探测冰盖边界和河流洪水的工作，以及微波频谱温湿度传感技术。研究表明，使用神经网络技术可提供所需的接收水文气象信息的准确性和处理传入数据的高速度。
{"title":"Satellite Data Processing for Hydrometeorologal Research with the Use of Neural Network Technologies: The Approaches Used at Planeta State Research Center on Space Hydrometeorology","authors":"V. D. Bloshchinskiy, A. I. Andreev, L. S. Kramareva, A. N. Davidenko","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924040034","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents an experience of using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular, neural networks to solve relevant problems of hydrometeorology. The results of the investigations at the Planeta State Research Center on Space Hydrometeorology in detecting clouds and snow cover from the Himawari, Electro-L, and Meteor-M satellite data, as well as on classifying cloud types according to the AHI instrument data (Himawari-8) are reported. The findings of the work on retrieving values of total ozone and water vapor according to the infrared sensing devices are demonstrated. The work on detecting the boundaries of the ice cover and river floods from medium- and high-resolution satellite instruments, as well as the technologies for temperature and humidity sensing in the microwave spectrum are considered. The studies have shown that the use of neural network technologies provides the required accuracy of the received hydrometeorological information and high speed of processing incoming data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030075
A. N. Afonin, E. A. Milyutina, D. L. Musolin
Abstract
Accumulated degree-days are among the most significant indicators in ecological and geographical modeling of the distribution of biological objects. The present paper analyzes several existing methods for calculating accumulated degree-days, proposes an improved calculation method, and presents a set of the global maps of accumulated degree-days constructed using the improved method. The produced maps are publicly available and can be used for ecological and geographical analysis and modeling.
{"title":"Methods for Calculating Accumulated Degree-days from Monthly Mean Data and Constructing the Global Maps for Ecological and Geographical Modeling","authors":"A. N. Afonin, E. A. Milyutina, D. L. Musolin","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030075","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Accumulated degree-days are among the most significant indicators in ecological and geographical modeling of the distribution of biological objects. The present paper analyzes several existing methods for calculating accumulated degree-days, proposes an improved calculation method, and presents a set of the global maps of accumulated degree-days constructed using the improved method. The produced maps are publicly available and can be used for ecological and geographical analysis and modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030117
N. S. Ivanova, I. N. Kuznetsova, E. A. Lezina
Abstract
The review is compiled on the basis of the results of using the total ozone (TO) monitoring system for Russia and neighboring territories, which functions in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory. The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers and operating under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of functioning of the entire system is operationally controlled using the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for every month of the fourth quarter of 2023, for the fourth quarter, and for the whole year. The data of the routine observation of surface ozone in the Moscow region are also presented.
摘要 本综述是根据俄罗斯及邻近地区臭氧总量监测系统的使用结果编写的。监测系统使用的数据来自配备有 M-124 过滤臭氧测量仪的国家网络，该网络在主要地球物理观测站的方法监督下运行。整个系统的运行质量通过 OMI 卫星设备观测（美国国家航空航天局）进行控制。基础 TO 观测数据是 2023 年第四季度每月、第四季度和全年的通用数据。还提供了莫斯科地区地表臭氧的常规观测数据。
{"title":"Ozone Content over the Russian Federation in 2023","authors":"N. S. Ivanova, I. N. Kuznetsova, E. A. Lezina","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The review is compiled on the basis of the results of using the total ozone (TO) monitoring system for Russia and neighboring territories, which functions in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory. The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers and operating under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of functioning of the entire system is operationally controlled using the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for every month of the fourth quarter of 2023, for the fourth quarter, and for the whole year. The data of the routine observation of surface ozone in the Moscow region are also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030038
D. D. Zav’yalov, T. A. Solomakha
Abstract
The prevailing types of the atmospheric stratification over the snow-ice cover at the top of Taganrog Bay for eleven winter seasons of 2007/2008–2017/2018 have been determined using the numerical experiments on reproducing the seasonal variations in the sea ice thickness. Series of calculations both with the constant transfer coefficients and with the coefficients obtained taking into account the surface stratification of the atmosphere have been carried out. The model results of both series have been compared with each other and with in situ measurements.
{"title":"Parameterizing Heat and Moisture Exchange in a Regional Thermodynamic Model of Sea Ice","authors":"D. D. Zav’yalov, T. A. Solomakha","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030038","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The prevailing types of the atmospheric stratification over the snow-ice cover at the top of Taganrog Bay for eleven winter seasons of 2007/2008–2017/2018 have been determined using the numerical experiments on reproducing the seasonal variations in the sea ice thickness. Series of calculations both with the constant transfer coefficients and with the coefficients obtained taking into account the surface stratification of the atmosphere have been carried out. The model results of both series have been compared with each other and with in situ measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030014
Yu. D. Resnyanskii, A. A. Zelen’ko, B. S. Strukov, V. N. Stepanov, V. M. Khan, V. V. Vorob’eva, M. A. Tarasevich, A. S. Gritsun, E. M. Volodin
Abstract
Skill scores of the reproducibility of oceanographic fields in applying the INM-CM5 climate model to long-term forecasting for several months are presented. It is shown that disagreements between the model forecasts and the control data in terms of their absolute values are mainly due to the model climate bias. A degree of consistency with the control data significantly increases when comparing anomalies counted from the individual normals of each of the compared data types. In particular, the forecasts of SST anomalies for the Niño-3.4 region with a lead time up to six months appear to be quite successful.
{"title":"Assessment of the Reproducibility of Oceanographic Fields in Retrospective Forecasts Using the INM-CM5 Earth System Model","authors":"Yu. D. Resnyanskii, A. A. Zelen’ko, B. S. Strukov, V. N. Stepanov, V. M. Khan, V. V. Vorob’eva, M. A. Tarasevich, A. S. Gritsun, E. M. Volodin","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030014","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Skill scores of the reproducibility of oceanographic fields in applying the INM-CM5 climate model to long-term forecasting for several months are presented. It is shown that disagreements between the model forecasts and the control data in terms of their absolute values are mainly due to the model climate bias. A degree of consistency with the control data significantly increases when comparing anomalies counted from the individual normals of each of the compared data types. In particular, the forecasts of SST anomalies for the Niño-3.4 region with a lead time up to six months appear to be quite successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030087
M. A. Guseva, V. Yu. Shmakova
Abstract
The sum of ions of the basic Lake Ladoga water mass has varied quite significantly from 55.6 to 71.6 mg/L over the past 60 years. In the present paper, separate periods of the mineralization growth are identified. It is shown that the change in the mineralization of Lake Ladoga has been always accompanied by a significant change in the ratio of basic ion concentrations. Any significant trends in the total mineralization of Lake Ladoga over the analyzed period have not been identified, but periods of the growth and decrease in the number of ions have been revealed. Until 1998, the periods of increased mineralization, as a rule, were accompanied by an increase in concentrations of (rm SO_4^{2-}) and (rm Cl^{-}), most likely coming from the catchment area due to industrial and household pollution. During 2009–2019, the mineralization was growing mainly due to an increase in the absolute and relative concentrations of (rm HCO_3^-). At the same time, the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the main water mass of the lake also was increasing (and, consequently, pH was decreasing). Thus, the changes in the bicarbonate ion concentration in the water of Lake Ladoga may be largely determined by an increase in its inflow from the catchment area, whose possible reason is the enhancement of the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks due to the increasing concentrations of dissolved (rm CO_2) in the water.
摘要 在过去的 60 年中，拉多加湖基本水体的离子总和在 55.6 至 71.6 毫克/升之间变化很大。本文确定了矿化度增长的不同时期。结果表明，拉多加湖矿化度的变化始终伴随着碱性离子浓度比例的显著变化。在分析期间，拉多加湖总矿化度的任何重要趋势都没有被发现，但离子数量的增长和减少时期却被揭示出来。在1998年之前，矿化度增加的时期通常伴随着(rm SO_4^{2-})和(rm Cl^{-})浓度的增加，这很可能是由于工业和家庭污染而来自集水区。在 2009-2019 年期间，矿化度的增长主要是由于 (rm HCO_3^^-) 的绝对浓度和相对浓度的增加。与此同时，湖泊主要水体中溶解的 CO2 浓度也在增加（pH 值随之下降）。因此，拉多加湖水体中碳酸氢根离子浓度的变化可能在很大程度上是由汇水区流入量的增加决定的，其可能的原因是由于水体中溶解的 CO2 浓度增加，碳酸盐岩的化学风化作用增强。
{"title":"Trends in the Ionic Composition of Lake Ladoga","authors":"M. A. Guseva, V. Yu. Shmakova","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030087","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The sum of ions of the basic Lake Ladoga water mass has varied quite significantly from 55.6 to 71.6 mg/L over the past 60 years. In the present paper, separate periods of the mineralization growth are identified. It is shown that the change in the mineralization of Lake Ladoga has been always accompanied by a significant change in the ratio of basic ion concentrations. Any significant trends in the total mineralization of Lake Ladoga over the analyzed period have not been identified, but periods of the growth and decrease in the number of ions have been revealed. Until 1998, the periods of increased mineralization, as a rule, were accompanied by an increase in concentrations of <span>(rm SO_4^{2-})</span> and <span>(rm Cl^{-})</span>, most likely coming from the catchment area due to industrial and household pollution. During 2009–2019, the mineralization was growing mainly due to an increase in the absolute and relative concentrations of <span>(rm HCO_3^-)</span>. At the same time, the concentration of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the main water mass of the lake also was increasing (and, consequently, pH was decreasing). Thus, the changes in the bicarbonate ion concentration in the water of Lake Ladoga may be largely determined by an increase in its inflow from the catchment area, whose possible reason is the enhancement of the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks due to the increasing concentrations of dissolved <span>(rm CO_2)</span> in the water.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030051
E. U. Mironov, E. S. Egorova
Abstract
Seasonal and interannual changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition during winter months for seven standard age categories are analyzed. To estimate the amount of the ice of different age categories, the digital archive of the region’s ice charts for the period 1997–2022 produced by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute is used. Statistical insignificance of linear trends has been revealed for the main age categories of the Greenland Sea ice. A comparison of the obtained estimates of the variability in the amount of the ice of different age categories and earlier studies shows that the quantitative changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition started before 1997. The data on the ice age composition over a 25-year observation period alone are insufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion about a decrease in the Greenland Sea ice thickness.
{"title":"Seasonal and Interannual Variations in the Greenland Sea Ice Age Composition in the Winter Period","authors":"E. U. Mironov, E. S. Egorova","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030051","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Seasonal and interannual changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition during winter months for seven standard age categories are analyzed. To estimate the amount of the ice of different age categories, the digital archive of the region’s ice charts for the period 1997–2022 produced by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute is used. Statistical insignificance of linear trends has been revealed for the main age categories of the Greenland Sea ice. A comparison of the obtained estimates of the variability in the amount of the ice of different age categories and earlier studies shows that the quantitative changes in the Greenland Sea ice age composition started before 1997. The data on the ice age composition over a 25-year observation period alone are insufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion about a decrease in the Greenland Sea ice thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030099
I. V. Tomberg, L. M. Sorokovikova, V. N. Sinyukovich, A. Yu. Bessudova
Abstract
The results of studying the chemical composition of water in Northern Baikal and in the rivers flowing into it are analyzed. It is shown that the influence of river water on forming the chemical composition of water in this part of the lake is observed at the distance of 1–3 km from the cofferdam separating the Upper Angara delta from Lake Baikal. In spring and early summer, the expansion of river water in the lake is constrained by a thermal bar. In summer, a biological barrier is formed in the mixing zone, where the minimum biogenic element concentrations of and maximum phytoplankton concentrations are registered. The increased concentrations of phosphorus have been revealed in the shallow area in winter, which points to the contamination of bottom sediments and secondary pollution of water. The increased content of phosphorus in the water may be a sign of the eutrophication of Northern Baikal.
{"title":"Formation of the Chemical Composition of Water in Northern Baikal in the Zone of Mixing with the Water of Its Tributaries","authors":"I. V. Tomberg, L. M. Sorokovikova, V. N. Sinyukovich, A. Yu. Bessudova","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030099","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of studying the chemical composition of water in Northern Baikal and in the rivers flowing into it are analyzed. It is shown that the influence of river water on forming the chemical composition of water in this part of the lake is observed at the distance of 1–3 km from the cofferdam separating the Upper Angara delta from Lake Baikal. In spring and early summer, the expansion of river water in the lake is constrained by a thermal bar. In summer, a biological barrier is formed in the mixing zone, where the minimum biogenic element concentrations of and maximum phytoplankton concentrations are registered. The increased concentrations of phosphorus have been revealed in the shallow area in winter, which points to the contamination of bottom sediments and secondary pollution of water. The increased content of phosphorus in the water may be a sign of the eutrophication of Northern Baikal.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s1068373924030026
M. G. Akperov, F. N. Gippius, I. I. Mokhov
Abstract
Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 1979–2021, the authors have quantified the seasonal and regional connections between significant wave heights and changes in cyclone activity in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. The contribution of extratropical cyclones to the formation of the corresponding features and variations of sea waves is evaluated. The maxima of the extreme sea wave occurrence frequency in winter and summer corresponds to sea areas with an increased frequency of cyclones, in particular, over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It has been found that the contribution of extratropical cyclones to the generation of significant wave heights reaches 70% in winter and 50% in summer. The largest contribution is associated with intense cyclones: 90% in winter and 40% in summer.
{"title":"Relation of Sea Waves to the Atmospheric Cyclone Activity in the Northern Hemisphere according to the ERA5 Reanalysis Data","authors":"M. G. Akperov, F. N. Gippius, I. I. Mokhov","doi":"10.3103/s1068373924030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373924030026","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 1979–2021, the authors have quantified the seasonal and regional connections between significant wave heights and changes in cyclone activity in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. The contribution of extratropical cyclones to the formation of the corresponding features and variations of sea waves is evaluated. The maxima of the extreme sea wave occurrence frequency in winter and summer corresponds to sea areas with an increased frequency of cyclones, in particular, over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It has been found that the contribution of extratropical cyclones to the generation of significant wave heights reaches 70% in winter and 50% in summer. The largest contribution is associated with intense cyclones: 90% in winter and 40% in summer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3103/s106837392403004x
A. B. Polonskii, A. N. Serebrennikov
Abstract
Based on the satellite data at the points of a high-resolution regular grid for the period from 2008 to 2021, positive anomalies of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the northern Black Sea and off the southwestern coast of Crimea have been identified. It has been shown that there are vast areas with an exceeding of SST over the mean for the measurement period up to 4–5 and 5–6°C and a monthly total area (for example, in May 2018) about 200000 and 100000 km2, respectively, in the northern Black Sea. The analysis of available satellite data has led to the conclusion that warm SST anomalies occur mainly in May and October. The maximum (over the entire analyzed period) warm SST anomaly (exceeding 5°C) was reached in May 2012, when its area was 200000 km2. The spatial structure and some statistical characteristics of the identified SST anomalies have been described and analyzed. It has been shown that the typical frequency of vast SST anomalies is at least one case per several years, while they are generated by abnormal heat fluxes on the sea surface with the inflow of anomalously warm river water in shallow areas of the northwestern shelf and spread to the open sea areas due to the horizontal advection of predominantly wind-driven origin. The average annual SST anomalies off the northwestern coast of Crimea and in the northern Black Sea correlate at a level of 0.97.
{"title":"Formation of Positive Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Black Sea","authors":"A. B. Polonskii, A. N. Serebrennikov","doi":"10.3103/s106837392403004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106837392403004x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on the satellite data at the points of a high-resolution regular grid for the period from 2008 to 2021, positive anomalies of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the northern Black Sea and off the southwestern coast of Crimea have been identified. It has been shown that there are vast areas with an exceeding of SST over the mean for the measurement period up to 4–5 and 5–6°C and a monthly total area (for example, in May 2018) about 200000 and 100000 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively, in the northern Black Sea. The analysis of available satellite data has led to the conclusion that warm SST anomalies occur mainly in May and October. The maximum (over the entire analyzed period) warm SST anomaly (exceeding 5°C) was reached in May 2012, when its area was 200000 km<sup>2</sup>. The spatial structure and some statistical characteristics of the identified SST anomalies have been described and analyzed. It has been shown that the typical frequency of vast SST anomalies is at least one case per several years, while they are generated by abnormal heat fluxes on the sea surface with the inflow of anomalously warm river water in shallow areas of the northwestern shelf and spread to the open sea areas due to the horizontal advection of predominantly wind-driven origin. The average annual SST anomalies off the northwestern coast of Crimea and in the northern Black Sea correlate at a level of 0.97.</p>","PeriodicalId":49581,"journal":{"name":"Russian Meteorology and Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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