Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1349150
Seda Dicle KORKMAZ
This study aimed to determine HMF values and diastase activities of the strained honeys collected from various markets in Türkiye and to evaluate their suitability to Turkish Food Codex, Directive on Honey. The samples were obtained with original package and their shelf lifes were remarked by companies. A total of 90 honey samples, 45 were flower honey and 45 were honeydew honey, were analysed for HMF using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and for diastase activity using UV spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was observed that the 35.5% of flower honey samples and the 20% of honeydew honey samples were not fulfilled the HMF value and/or diastase activity standards of the Turkish Food Codex. The highest HMF value of the samples was 119.8 mg/kg, while the lowest diastase activity of samples was 0.9. Furthermore, 15 of 45 flower honey and 8 of 45 honeydew honey samples were in critical limits for the mentioned standards. In conclusion, in strained honey offered for consumption, either heat treatment that is applied during the production or increasing HMF value and decreasing diastase activity depending on storage temperature limit the product's shelf life. HMF in honey is known to be a potential risk for food safety and public health. Appropriate production and storage conditions for honey should be ensured until it reaches the consumer, and all quality criteria, especially HMF and diastase, should be targeted to comply with the Turkish Food Codex Directive on Honey, until the end of the shelf life. Thus, it will be possible to ensure food safety by protecting both public health and producer rights. In addition, raising consumers' awareness on the subject will enable the development of internal control at both manufacturers and markets.
{"title":"Determination of HMF Value and Diastase Activities in Strained Honeys Sold in Markets","authors":"Seda Dicle KORKMAZ","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1349150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1349150","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine HMF values and diastase activities of the strained honeys collected from various markets in Türkiye and to evaluate their suitability to Turkish Food Codex, Directive on Honey. The samples were obtained with original package and their shelf lifes were remarked by companies. A total of 90 honey samples, 45 were flower honey and 45 were honeydew honey, were analysed for HMF using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and for diastase activity using UV spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was observed that the 35.5% of flower honey samples and the 20% of honeydew honey samples were not fulfilled the HMF value and/or diastase activity standards of the Turkish Food Codex. The highest HMF value of the samples was 119.8 mg/kg, while the lowest diastase activity of samples was 0.9. Furthermore, 15 of 45 flower honey and 8 of 45 honeydew honey samples were in critical limits for the mentioned standards. In conclusion, in strained honey offered for consumption, either heat treatment that is applied during the production or increasing HMF value and decreasing diastase activity depending on storage temperature limit the product's shelf life. HMF in honey is known to be a potential risk for food safety and public health. Appropriate production and storage conditions for honey should be ensured until it reaches the consumer, and all quality criteria, especially HMF and diastase, should be targeted to comply with the Turkish Food Codex Directive on Honey, until the end of the shelf life. Thus, it will be possible to ensure food safety by protecting both public health and producer rights. In addition, raising consumers' awareness on the subject will enable the development of internal control at both manufacturers and markets.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1347161
Nihal DERİN COŞKUN, Eray ÇAŞIN, Cumhur Eren IŞIK
When the export values of ceramic sanitaryware in Türkiye are analyzed, it is seen that the data for the year 2022 of ~660 million dollars continues to increase. In the sector, which reaches an annual average increase of 100 million dollars, the amount of production as well as the design demands change and shape the market. The most important difficulty factors in design are due to the fact that the products in the sector have large sizes, complex shapes and the most human-made production stages. When these factors are compared with other ceramic sectors, it is revealed that although industrialization has increased in the production of ceramic sanitaryware, the lack of production amount and the excess of faults are among the biggest problems. Glaze faults are the leading faults observed in the final product, and since this problem is not recyclable, it harms the ceramic sanitaryware industry in terms of cost. In this study, the glaze faults reflected in the final glazed products originating from the casting shop stage, which attracts attention in this field due to its large size and whiteness and there is not much data for the vitreous ware industry in the literature, have been studied. In the study, which was carried out with the aim of detecting and eliminating some faults in industrial production and creating data for the literature, faults arising from mechanical evenings used in classical and pressure casting benches and material residues used in retouching processes were determined. These faults were produced on the basis of the laboratory and the characterization of the glazed faulty products was made. It is concluded that production losses can be reduced by eliminating these problems, consequently increasing quality and productivity.
{"title":"Investigation of Defects Occurring in the Foundry Process of Ceramic Sanitary Ware on the Final Product","authors":"Nihal DERİN COŞKUN, Eray ÇAŞIN, Cumhur Eren IŞIK","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1347161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1347161","url":null,"abstract":"When the export values of ceramic sanitaryware in Türkiye are analyzed, it is seen that the data for the year 2022 of ~660 million dollars continues to increase. In the sector, which reaches an annual average increase of 100 million dollars, the amount of production as well as the design demands change and shape the market. The most important difficulty factors in design are due to the fact that the products in the sector have large sizes, complex shapes and the most human-made production stages. When these factors are compared with other ceramic sectors, it is revealed that although industrialization has increased in the production of ceramic sanitaryware, the lack of production amount and the excess of faults are among the biggest problems. Glaze faults are the leading faults observed in the final product, and since this problem is not recyclable, it harms the ceramic sanitaryware industry in terms of cost. In this study, the glaze faults reflected in the final glazed products originating from the casting shop stage, which attracts attention in this field due to its large size and whiteness and there is not much data for the vitreous ware industry in the literature, have been studied. In the study, which was carried out with the aim of detecting and eliminating some faults in industrial production and creating data for the literature, faults arising from mechanical evenings used in classical and pressure casting benches and material residues used in retouching processes were determined. These faults were produced on the basis of the laboratory and the characterization of the glazed faulty products was made. It is concluded that production losses can be reduced by eliminating these problems, consequently increasing quality and productivity.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1346685
Abdullah BALLI
Entrepreneurship has been at the focus of many scientists doing research in the field of social sciences. Studies have focused on entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial disposition and entrepreneurial behavior. Generally, empirical methods have been used in studies, but the neurophysiological, neuropsychological and psychoneuroendocrinological reasons behind the individual's entrepreneurship have been neglected. In short, genetic factors, hormones, behavioral genetic factors related to the individual's being an entrepreneur were not taken into account in the studies. However, with the use and development of neuroscience methods, tools and approaches in different fields, the opportunities offered by neuroscience in research on entrepreneurship in the field of Social Sciences have recently begun to be utilized. This has facilitated the neuroanatomical examination of entrepreneurial individuals. Entrepreneurship research focuses on the individual's family, environmental, social and educational interactions. In order for entrepreneurship to be understood in a multidimensional way, it is necessary to consider human behavior in terms of genetic transfers, hormones, behavioral genetics and the interactions of these factors with each other. For this reason, studies on the concepts of "entrepreneurship and neuroscience", "entrepreneurship and genetics", "entrepreneurship and biology" and "neuroentrepreneurship" gain importance. The aim of this study is to provide information about the neuroscience methods, tools and approaches used in entrepreneurship research, to make a detailed bibliometric analysis of the researches, to identify the trends and gaps related to the mentioned concepts and to bring them to the attention of researchers and to make suggestions about what should be done in future studies. Since a better understanding of entrepreneurial thought, intention and behavior will contribute to the development of entrepreneurship, mapping the studies in the literature in terms of the neuroanatomy of entrepreneurship and analyzing them within the scope of quantitative data makes the study unique. The study consists of five parts. In the first part of the study, studies carried out for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in terms of neurophysiology, hormones and genetics are given by making use of neuroscience methods, tools and approaches in the literature. In the second part, neuroscience tools, methods and approaches used in entrepreneurship research are explained. In the third part, the method of the research and in the fourth part, the bibliometric analysis findings are given. In the last part, the discussion and conclusion, the deficiencies identified in the field and recommendations for future studies are made. As the analysis unit, bibliometric data of different types of papers scanned in the Web of Science (WoS) database and published between 2006 and 2023 was taken as a basis. As a result of the research, 379 publications related to
企业家精神一直是许多从事社会科学研究的科学家关注的焦点。研究主要集中在创业意向、创业倾向和创业行为三个方面。研究中一般采用实证方法，但忽视了个体创业背后的神经生理学、神经心理学和精神神经内分泌学原因。简而言之，研究中没有考虑到与个体创业相关的遗传因素、激素、行为遗传因素。然而，随着神经科学方法、工具和方法在不同领域的应用和发展，神经科学为社会科学领域的创业研究提供的机会最近开始得到利用。这有助于对创业个体进行神经解剖学检查。创业研究侧重于个人的家庭、环境、社会和教育互动。为了从多维度上理解企业家精神，有必要从遗传转移、激素、行为遗传学以及这些因素相互作用的角度来考虑人类行为。因此，“企业家精神与神经科学”、“企业家精神与遗传学”、“企业家精神与生物学”、“神经企业家精神”等概念的研究变得尤为重要。本研究的目的是提供关于创业研究中使用的神经科学方法、工具和方法的信息，对研究进行详细的文献计量分析，确定与上述概念相关的趋势和差距，并提请研究人员注意，并就未来研究应做的工作提出建议。由于更好地理解创业思想、意图和行为将有助于创业精神的发展，因此从创业精神的神经解剖学角度对文献中的研究进行映射，并在定量数据的范围内对其进行分析，使该研究具有独特性。本研究共分为五个部分。在研究的第一部分，通过利用文献中的神经科学方法、工具和方法，从神经生理学、激素和遗传学的角度进行了更好地理解创业精神的研究。第二部分阐述了创业研究中使用的神经科学工具、方法和途径。第三部分给出了研究方法，第四部分给出了文献计量分析结果。最后是讨论和结论，指出了本领域存在的不足，并对今后的研究提出了建议。以Web of Science (WoS)数据库中扫描的2006 - 2023年间发表的不同类型论文的文献计量数据为分析单元。研究结果显示，与“创业”和“神经科学”相关的论文共有379篇，其中研究最多的论文有260篇是神经科学、神经学，53篇是商业经济学，47篇是数学计算生物学。目前已确定的关于“创业”和“遗传学”的出版物346篇，其中研究最多的146篇是基因遗传，44篇是生物化学、分子生物学，35篇是商业经济学。共发现183篇关于“创业”和“生物学”的论文，其中58篇是研究最多的多学科科学，55篇与基因遗传有关，44篇与商业有关。在研究范围内，仅在Web of Science (WoS)数据库中发现了9篇与“神经企业家精神”相关的出版物，这些出版物与企业家精神和神经科学直接相关。最后一部分是讨论和总结，提出创业研究需要做的事情和建议。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1339165
Hayrettin KARADÖL, Ali ÇAYLI, Adil AKYÜZ, Serdar ÜÇOK
Etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği artan talep doğrultusunda giderek yaygınlaşan üretim kollarından biri haline gelmiştir. Kümes ortamında ortaya çıkan Karbondioksit, Amonyak, Hidrojen Sülfür gibi zararlı gazlar, atmosfer, kanatlı sağlığı ve dolayısıyla insan sağlığı açısından önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu durum, etlik piliç yetiştiriciliğinde süreçlerinin hassas kontrolünü ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, etlik piliç üretimi yapan 2 katlı bir çiftliğe ait kümes içi ortam koşulları (sıcaklık, bağıl nem, karbondioksit ve amonyak,) 2 yetiştirme dönemi süresince sensörlerle okunmuştur. Daha sonra geliştirilen bir web server uygulaması ile uzak izleme sistemi oluşturulmuştur. 1. üretim döneminde kümes ortamının başlangıç sıcaklığı ortalama 34 °C, bağıl nem değerleri ise % 50 seviyelerinde gerçekleşmiştir. İlerleyen haftalarda sıcaklık değerinin kademeli olarak düştüğü ve üretim döneminin son günlerinde minumun sıcaklık değerinin 20 °C, bağıl nem değerinin ise %70 seviyelerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. 2. üretim dönemi süresince 9. günden itibaren yapılan ölçümlerde, ortalama sıcaklık değerinin 25 °C, bağıl nem değerleri ise % 50 seviyelerinde gerçekleşmiştir. İlerleyen haftalarda sıcaklık değerinin kademeli olarak düştüğü ve üretim döneminin son günlerinde minumun sıcaklık değerinin 14 °C, bağıl nem değerinin ise %70 seviyelerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. CO2 değeri ise 1. üretim döneminde her iki kat için genel olarak kabul edilebilir sınır değer olan 3000 ppm değerini sadece 1. katta 2-3 saat süre ile aştığı diğer zamanlarda kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak havaların soğumasıyla birlikte 2. üretim döneminde 10-15. günlerde civcivlerin zemin katta 12 saatten daha fazla süreyle 3000 ppm’in üzerinde CO2’e maruz kaldığı, 1. katta ise birkaç saat süre ile 5000 ppm seviyelerine kadar çıktığı görülmüştür. Her iki üretim dönemi için NH3 değerinin son hafta içerisinde artış gösterme eğiliminde olduğu ve bu artışın maksimum 8 ppm değerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.
{"title":"Development of a Web Server-Based Remote Monitoring System for Environmental Conditions in Broiler Chicken Farming","authors":"Hayrettin KARADÖL, Ali ÇAYLI, Adil AKYÜZ, Serdar ÜÇOK","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1339165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1339165","url":null,"abstract":"Etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği artan talep doğrultusunda giderek yaygınlaşan üretim kollarından biri haline gelmiştir. Kümes ortamında ortaya çıkan Karbondioksit, Amonyak, Hidrojen Sülfür gibi zararlı gazlar, atmosfer, kanatlı sağlığı ve dolayısıyla insan sağlığı açısından önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu durum, etlik piliç yetiştiriciliğinde süreçlerinin hassas kontrolünü ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, etlik piliç üretimi yapan 2 katlı bir çiftliğe ait kümes içi ortam koşulları (sıcaklık, bağıl nem, karbondioksit ve amonyak,) 2 yetiştirme dönemi süresince sensörlerle okunmuştur. Daha sonra geliştirilen bir web server uygulaması ile uzak izleme sistemi oluşturulmuştur. 1. üretim döneminde kümes ortamının başlangıç sıcaklığı ortalama 34 °C, bağıl nem değerleri ise % 50 seviyelerinde gerçekleşmiştir. İlerleyen haftalarda sıcaklık değerinin kademeli olarak düştüğü ve üretim döneminin son günlerinde minumun sıcaklık değerinin 20 °C, bağıl nem değerinin ise %70 seviyelerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. 2. üretim dönemi süresince 9. günden itibaren yapılan ölçümlerde, ortalama sıcaklık değerinin 25 °C, bağıl nem değerleri ise % 50 seviyelerinde gerçekleşmiştir. İlerleyen haftalarda sıcaklık değerinin kademeli olarak düştüğü ve üretim döneminin son günlerinde minumun sıcaklık değerinin 14 °C, bağıl nem değerinin ise %70 seviyelerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. CO2 değeri ise 1. üretim döneminde her iki kat için genel olarak kabul edilebilir sınır değer olan 3000 ppm değerini sadece 1. katta 2-3 saat süre ile aştığı diğer zamanlarda kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak havaların soğumasıyla birlikte 2. üretim döneminde 10-15. günlerde civcivlerin zemin katta 12 saatten daha fazla süreyle 3000 ppm’in üzerinde CO2’e maruz kaldığı, 1. katta ise birkaç saat süre ile 5000 ppm seviyelerine kadar çıktığı görülmüştür. Her iki üretim dönemi için NH3 değerinin son hafta içerisinde artış gösterme eğiliminde olduğu ve bu artışın maksimum 8 ppm değerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1324890
Hilal ARSLAN, Rıza DURMAZ
The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in many countries has led to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this makes accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 difficult. The reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a widely used gold-standard method to detect SARS-CoV-2, and accurate designing of primers and probes is crucial to prevent false negative results, especially with the rise of new dangerous variants. Therefore, it is significant to determine primers and probes targeting conserved regions in the genome sequence to diagnose many variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method for identifying PCR primers and probe sequences by evaluating sequences belonging to SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern and variants of interest. We propose 13 primer and probe sets by analyzing 54,524 sequences in Alpha variant, 25,465 sequences in Beta variant, 53,501 sequences in Gamma variant, 46,225 sequences in Delta variant, and 43,682 sequences in Omicron variant from GISAID. Furthermore, we analyzed 1,008 sequences in Lambda variant as well as 5,844 sequences in Mu variant to extract primer and probe sets from GISAID. The proposed primer and probe sets were validated in 406,757 new SARS-CoV-2 unique genomes collected from NCBI. In silico evaluation presented that the proposed set of primers and probes are found inside about 99% of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. Designed primers present a higher potential to detect the main SARS-CoV-2 recent variant of concerns and the variants of interests. The superiority of the proposed method is also highlighted by comparing the state-of-the-art PCR primer and probe sets based on the number of mismatches for various types of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.
{"title":"A Parallel Algorithm for Designing Primer and Probe for Accurate Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus","authors":"Hilal ARSLAN, Rıza DURMAZ","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1324890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1324890","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in many countries has led to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this makes accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 difficult. The reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a widely used gold-standard method to detect SARS-CoV-2, and accurate designing of primers and probes is crucial to prevent false negative results, especially with the rise of new dangerous variants. Therefore, it is significant to determine primers and probes targeting conserved regions in the genome sequence to diagnose many variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method for identifying PCR primers and probe sequences by evaluating sequences belonging to SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern and variants of interest. We propose 13 primer and probe sets by analyzing 54,524 sequences in Alpha variant, 25,465 sequences in Beta variant, 53,501 sequences in Gamma variant, 46,225 sequences in Delta variant, and 43,682 sequences in Omicron variant from GISAID. Furthermore, we analyzed 1,008 sequences in Lambda variant as well as 5,844 sequences in Mu variant to extract primer and probe sets from GISAID. The proposed primer and probe sets were validated in 406,757 new SARS-CoV-2 unique genomes collected from NCBI. In silico evaluation presented that the proposed set of primers and probes are found inside about 99% of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. Designed primers present a higher potential to detect the main SARS-CoV-2 recent variant of concerns and the variants of interests. The superiority of the proposed method is also highlighted by comparing the state-of-the-art PCR primer and probe sets based on the number of mismatches for various types of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1354194
Mehmet Sait CENGIZ
The location of the buildings in the residential area is very important in protecting or benefiting from sunlight. The dynamic structure of the sun, which constantly changes according to time and seasons, directly affects the building's architecture and urban formation. Ignoring the sun's use of the structures during the construction of the buildings can cause significant disturbances to the residents. Daylight strategies, which are also influenced by climate, depend on the availability of natural light, determined by the latitude of the building site and the instantaneous conditions around the building. High latitudes have different summer and winter conditions, with lower daylight levels in winter. At these latitudes, designers often aim to maximize daylight penetration in buildings. In the tropics, where daylight levels are high throughout the year, the design emphasis is often on preventing overheating by limiting the amount of sunlight entering the building. Daylight availability depends not only on latitude, but also on the orientation of a building, and each facade and material of the building requires a different design importance. Therefore, daylight and architectural design strategies are two inseparable phenomena. In this respect, examining traditional architecture and successful natural lighting designs in the past is very useful for understanding climate-balanced building design. For this purpose, determining the roof slope according to the sun angle in architectural structures by calculating according to the location provides efficiency in many issues from energy efficiency to human health.
{"title":"Daylight Analysis in Terms of Building Direction and One-Way Roof","authors":"Mehmet Sait CENGIZ","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1354194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1354194","url":null,"abstract":"The location of the buildings in the residential area is very important in protecting or benefiting from sunlight. The dynamic structure of the sun, which constantly changes according to time and seasons, directly affects the building's architecture and urban formation. Ignoring the sun's use of the structures during the construction of the buildings can cause significant disturbances to the residents. Daylight strategies, which are also influenced by climate, depend on the availability of natural light, determined by the latitude of the building site and the instantaneous conditions around the building. High latitudes have different summer and winter conditions, with lower daylight levels in winter. At these latitudes, designers often aim to maximize daylight penetration in buildings. In the tropics, where daylight levels are high throughout the year, the design emphasis is often on preventing overheating by limiting the amount of sunlight entering the building. Daylight availability depends not only on latitude, but also on the orientation of a building, and each facade and material of the building requires a different design importance. Therefore, daylight and architectural design strategies are two inseparable phenomena. In this respect, examining traditional architecture and successful natural lighting designs in the past is very useful for understanding climate-balanced building design. For this purpose, determining the roof slope according to the sun angle in architectural structures by calculating according to the location provides efficiency in many issues from energy efficiency to human health.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1357849
Fuad ALHAJ OMAR
Power electronics stand as the cornerstone of our electrified world, and versatile DC-DC converters are a key component of this technology. In this comprehensive analysis, we investigate deeply the realm of DC-DC converters, examining their pivotal role in modern power systems. From the evolution of converter topologies to their wide-ranging applications, we explore the advancements that propel this field forward. Whether maintaining continuous power in portable devices or facilitating renewable energy integration, DC-DC converters are the fundamental components. Yet, they face formidable challenges, from complex control strategies to voltage stress management. This study reveals the complex configuration of DC-DC converters, detailing a narrative of adaptability, resilience, and innovation in response to the increasing energy demands of our time.
{"title":"DC-DC Dönüştürücülerin Kapsamlı Analizi ve Değerlendirilmesi: Gelişmeler, Uygulamalar ve Zorluklar","authors":"Fuad ALHAJ OMAR","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1357849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1357849","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronics stand as the cornerstone of our electrified world, and versatile DC-DC converters are a key component of this technology. In this comprehensive analysis, we investigate deeply the realm of DC-DC converters, examining their pivotal role in modern power systems. From the evolution of converter topologies to their wide-ranging applications, we explore the advancements that propel this field forward. Whether maintaining continuous power in portable devices or facilitating renewable energy integration, DC-DC converters are the fundamental components. Yet, they face formidable challenges, from complex control strategies to voltage stress management. This study reveals the complex configuration of DC-DC converters, detailing a narrative of adaptability, resilience, and innovation in response to the increasing energy demands of our time.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1310711
Ahmet ERDOĞAN, Mahmut DAŞKIN
Contour plotting, a widely utilized graphical technique for visualizing CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) outcomes, is highly valuable. It provides an effective and practical approach to analysing distributions of magnitudes belonging to fluid domains such as; velocity, temperature, pressure, volume fraction, etc. Nevertheless, when analysing multiple contours, especially showing similar distribution, identifying the ideal contour can be difficult and open to speculation. In this research, the issue was addressed by employing the Image Analysis Method for the classification of velocity distribution contours. This led to determining which picture has the best distribution among a few of the contour’s pictures. Firstly, velocity distribution contours downstream of the diffuser located in Air Handling Unit (AHU) unit were obtained by using CFD. The contour pictures were then transferred to MATLAB environment. With pixel analysis in MATLAB, the pictures were able to be classified based on which parameters had an effect on the velocity distribution. Variable parameters are the length of the fan channel (x) and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the AHU (A/Ao). The results showed that x=250 mm and A/Ao=0.5 improved velocity distributions by 6% and 20%, respectively.
{"title":"Comparing of CFD contours using image analysing method: a study on velocity distributions","authors":"Ahmet ERDOĞAN, Mahmut DAŞKIN","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1310711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1310711","url":null,"abstract":"Contour plotting, a widely utilized graphical technique for visualizing CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) outcomes, is highly valuable. It provides an effective and practical approach to analysing distributions of magnitudes belonging to fluid domains such as; velocity, temperature, pressure, volume fraction, etc. Nevertheless, when analysing multiple contours, especially showing similar distribution, identifying the ideal contour can be difficult and open to speculation. In this research, the issue was addressed by employing the Image Analysis Method for the classification of velocity distribution contours. This led to determining which picture has the best distribution among a few of the contour’s pictures. Firstly, velocity distribution contours downstream of the diffuser located in Air Handling Unit (AHU) unit were obtained by using CFD. The contour pictures were then transferred to MATLAB environment. With pixel analysis in MATLAB, the pictures were able to be classified based on which parameters had an effect on the velocity distribution. Variable parameters are the length of the fan channel (x) and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the AHU (A/Ao). The results showed that x=250 mm and A/Ao=0.5 improved velocity distributions by 6% and 20%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1346534
Mehmet Sait CENGIZ
In this study, the analysis of the understanding of space under the influence of light was made. The content of the study touched on the effect of light and space on human perception, both architecturally and computationally. The identity that the light adds to the space, the interaction of the material with the light, and the illusory properties of the light are explained. While examining these abstract concepts, the illumination area of the light was calculated with a computational application. The fact that light is one of the most effective elements used in space has revealed the necessity of designing form, material, and lighting together. It is understood that the effect of basic elements that make up space, such as form and material color, can be increased with angular lighting. It has been understood that if a textured surface is illuminated with a directional light, the visual effect of the surface will increase. However, it has been understood that a material with a smooth structure and a material with a rough structure cannot be illuminated with the same lighting method, and this visual effect will create negativity. For original lighting designs, it is necessary to make accented or homogeneous lighting according to the need, and it is possible to provide this with designed-planned lighting.
{"title":"The Angular Use of Light in Architecture and the Concept of Space","authors":"Mehmet Sait CENGIZ","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1346534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1346534","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the analysis of the understanding of space under the influence of light was made. The content of the study touched on the effect of light and space on human perception, both architecturally and computationally. The identity that the light adds to the space, the interaction of the material with the light, and the illusory properties of the light are explained. While examining these abstract concepts, the illumination area of the light was calculated with a computational application. The fact that light is one of the most effective elements used in space has revealed the necessity of designing form, material, and lighting together. It is understood that the effect of basic elements that make up space, such as form and material color, can be increased with angular lighting. It has been understood that if a textured surface is illuminated with a directional light, the visual effect of the surface will increase. However, it has been understood that a material with a smooth structure and a material with a rough structure cannot be illuminated with the same lighting method, and this visual effect will create negativity. For original lighting designs, it is necessary to make accented or homogeneous lighting according to the need, and it is possible to provide this with designed-planned lighting.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1341180
Fuat ERDEN, Ebru YABAŞ
Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and its derivatives are considered as candidate materials in many applications. Particularly, easy and sensitive film-forming ability, commercial availability, chemical stability, and ease in tailoring its molecular structure make CuPc a versatile material. On the other hand, main challenge that Pcs often exhibit is their poor solubility in organic solvents. In this sense, this work involves designing of new CuPc derivatives by introducing suitable substitutions to improve the solubility in organic solvents. Specifically, [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (1) and [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (2) were prepared. The results show that compound 1 is soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and compound 2 is soluble in chloroform, acetone, methanol, THF, DMF, and DMSO. Optical and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated, and it was determined that the energy bang gaps of compounds 1 and 2 are 1.70 eV and 1.56 eV, respectively. Strikingly, we demonstrate that compound 1 is exhibiting a rapid and reversible color change behavior upon altering pH in the entire pH spectrum. As it is known, materials that respond reversibly to chemical and/or physical stimuli in a controllable fashion are regarded as smart materials. Hence, we report that compound 1 is actually a smart material that can be used as a simple yet efficient pH sensor.
{"title":"A New Soluble Copper Phthalocyanine Derivative as a Smart Material","authors":"Fuat ERDEN, Ebru YABAŞ","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1341180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1341180","url":null,"abstract":"Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and its derivatives are considered as candidate materials in many applications. Particularly, easy and sensitive film-forming ability, commercial availability, chemical stability, and ease in tailoring its molecular structure make CuPc a versatile material. On the other hand, main challenge that Pcs often exhibit is their poor solubility in organic solvents. In this sense, this work involves designing of new CuPc derivatives by introducing suitable substitutions to improve the solubility in organic solvents. Specifically, [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (1) and [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (2) were prepared. The results show that compound 1 is soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and compound 2 is soluble in chloroform, acetone, methanol, THF, DMF, and DMSO. Optical and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated, and it was determined that the energy bang gaps of compounds 1 and 2 are 1.70 eV and 1.56 eV, respectively. Strikingly, we demonstrate that compound 1 is exhibiting a rapid and reversible color change behavior upon altering pH in the entire pH spectrum. As it is known, materials that respond reversibly to chemical and/or physical stimuli in a controllable fashion are regarded as smart materials. Hence, we report that compound 1 is actually a smart material that can be used as a simple yet efficient pH sensor.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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