Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1420192
Mohammad Safayat Hossain, Nada A.a. Jaradat, Bilge Aydın Er, Y. Ardalı
The TR83 region in Turkey is recognized as one of the leading industrial centers of the Black Sea region with its efficient use of resources and wide range of activities. In the project carried out jointly by the University and the Central Black Sea Agency, the potential for optimizing resource use in the industrial sector of the region was evaluated in order to demonstrate circular economy applicability. Research was conducted to determine the current situation in the sector and to draw a road map for the future. These surveys included sector-specific questions on raw materials, water, energy and outputs. In the research, the responses of companies in Amasya, Çorum, Samsun and Tokat provinces were analyzed. The findings highlighted the importance of implementing resource efficient approaches in the industrial sector. The proposed measures advocate the adoption of resource-efficient goods and the implementation of a circular economy strategy. The study also aims to identify requirements for environmentally friendly design and promote the use of best practices in industrial sectors. The article highlights the need for a synchronized effort to achieve a future that is both ecologically sustainable and resource-optimized in the TR83 region.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1499762
Osman Öztürk
For drones, the use of which has been increasing recently for load carrying, lightweight drone frame design is significant for increased flight time and payload capacity. Drones are produced in different configurations with three, four or six rotors, and in different sizes depending on the purpose of use. While agility is more important in three and four rotor drone applications, six-rotor and relatively large-bodied drones are preferred in cases such as load carrying. When the body structure has to be large, lightening the design becomes very critical. Lightweight designs can be achieved by two commonly used methods for structural optimization: topology optimization and parametric optimization. Topology optimization is an advanced method that can significantly reduce weight but is expensive and time-consuming. Parametric optimization is a more practical approach for conventional manufacturing methods and was used in this study. This study aims to first simplifying the hexacopter frame model and defining key geometric parameters for mass-decreasing optimization. Finite element analysis simulations were used to evaluate the strength and deformation of the frame under various design scenarios. The results showed that parametric optimization successfully reduced the weight of the hexacopter frame while maintaining structural integrity. The maximum Von Mises stress was found as approximately one quarter of the yield strength of the frame material. The maximum total deformation was achieved below 0.3 mm, and deformation under 1 mm is considered safe in the literature. As a result, the optimized design offers a lighter drone structure in line with conventional manufacturing methods, providing better flight time and payload capacity while maintaining cost effectiveness. In future studies, comparisons can be made based on this study by performing weight optimizations suitable for current methods such as topology optimization or generative design. the cost factor and the availability of existing production lines should be taken into consideration when comparing the mentioned methods with parametric optimization.
近来，无人机在载重方面的使用越来越多，轻型无人机机架的设计对于增加飞行时间和有效载荷能力非常重要。无人机有三旋翼、四旋翼或六旋翼等不同配置，尺寸也因使用目的而异。在三旋翼和四旋翼无人机应用中，灵活性更为重要，而在载重等情况下，六旋翼和相对较大机身的无人机则更受青睐。当机身结构必须较大时，轻量化设计就变得非常关键。轻量化设计可以通过两种常用的结构优化方法来实现：拓扑优化和参数优化。拓扑优化是一种先进的方法，可以显著减轻重量，但成本高、耗时长。参数优化是一种更实用的方法，适用于传统制造方法，本研究也采用了这种方法。本研究旨在首先简化六旋翼飞行器机架模型，并定义关键几何参数，以进行减重优化。有限元分析模拟用于评估各种设计方案下机架的强度和变形。结果表明，参数优化成功地减轻了六旋翼直升机机架的重量，同时保持了结构的完整性。最大 Von Mises 应力约为机架材料屈服强度的四分之一。最大总变形量低于 0.3 毫米，而低于 1 毫米的变形量在文献中被认为是安全的。因此，优化设计提供了符合传统制造方法的轻型无人机结构，在保持成本效益的同时，提供了更好的飞行时间和有效载荷能力。在未来的研究中，可以在本研究的基础上进行比较，执行适合当前方法（如拓扑优化或生成设计）的重量优化。在将上述方法与参数优化进行比较时，应考虑成本因素和现有生产线的可用性。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1489166
Ülge Taş
Lean manufacturing is a well-established methodology aimed at optimizing production by eliminating waste, enabling industries to thrive in a globally competitive environment. This paper presents a case study of a well-known automotive manufacturing industry on the axle process. This article aims the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methodology was used in the axle process to reduce lead time by producing quality products with a reduction in non-value-added activities. The current state of the axle process was created using industry data from the past six months. Significant improvements were realized following the successful implementation of VSM, including a reduction in the lead time from 89.50 hours to 50.55 hours. The new state map was also created after implementing the improvements. The results illustrated that the VSM increased the effectiveness by 56.48% in the axle process.
{"title":"Improving Lead Time through Lean Manufacturing: A Case Study","authors":"Ülge Taş","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1489166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1489166","url":null,"abstract":"Lean manufacturing is a well-established methodology aimed at optimizing production by eliminating waste, enabling industries to thrive in a globally competitive environment. This paper presents a case study of a well-known automotive manufacturing industry on the axle process. This article aims the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methodology was used in the axle process to reduce lead time by producing quality products with a reduction in non-value-added activities. The current state of the axle process was created using industry data from the past six months. Significant improvements were realized following the successful implementation of VSM, including a reduction in the lead time from 89.50 hours to 50.55 hours. The new state map was also created after implementing the improvements. The results illustrated that the VSM increased the effectiveness by 56.48% in the axle process.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1470214
Erol Duymaz, A. E. Oğuz
Great progress has been made in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in recent years, and it is now possible to see UAVs not only in military and industrial applications but also in every field, from education to logistics and visual arts. On the other hand, experimental platform problems for control theory applications in electrical-electronics, mechatronics and control engineering departments in engineering faculties are occasionally noticeable from time to time. In this study, a UAV modeling and control approach is proposed for control design application in undergraduate engineering education. UAV modeling was carried out in a simulation environment, and PD (proportional-derivative) control application was carried out on a sample platform along with simulation experiments. After theoretical discussions, it has been seen that it is possible to use the proposed UAV system control as a low-cost control design application tool in both simulation environments and experimental environments.
{"title":"Rotary Wing UAV Modeling and Control: A Design Application","authors":"Erol Duymaz, A. E. Oğuz","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1470214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1470214","url":null,"abstract":"Great progress has been made in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in recent years, and it is now possible to see UAVs not only in military and industrial applications but also in every field, from education to logistics and visual arts. On the other hand, experimental platform problems for control theory applications in electrical-electronics, mechatronics and control engineering departments in engineering faculties are occasionally noticeable from time to time. \u0000In this study, a UAV modeling and control approach is proposed for control design application in undergraduate engineering education. UAV modeling was carried out in a simulation environment, and PD (proportional-derivative) control application was carried out on a sample platform along with simulation experiments. After theoretical discussions, it has been seen that it is possible to use the proposed UAV system control as a low-cost control design application tool in both simulation environments and experimental environments.","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1499644
A. Önal, Rıdvan Aydın
Bu çalışmada ahır içi kirlilik durumu ile süt sığırlarında topallık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Balıkesir ilinde, 3000 baş kapasiteli modern süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde bulunan 778 baş Holştein sığırlarının topallık skorlaması, vücut kirlilik puanlaması 4 verim grubuna ayrılarak tespit edilmiş, ahır kirliliği, gezinti alan kirliliği ve sağım yolu kayganlığının topallığa olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ahır kirliliği, yataklık kirliliği ile gezinti alan kirliliği puanı sıyırıcıların düzenli çalışmasından dolayı 0 (temiz) puan, zemin kayganlığı ise yürüme yolunun kauçuk yataklık olmasından dolayı 0 (mükemmel) puan olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan istatistik analizler sonucunda, 7 günlük süt veriminin topallıkla olan ilişkisinde, sadece 1. verim grubuyla istatistiki açıdan fark tespit edilmiştir (p
{"title":"Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde İşletme içi Kirlilik ve Topallık Skoru ile Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişki","authors":"A. Önal, Rıdvan Aydın","doi":"10.34248/bsengineering.1499644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1499644","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada ahır içi kirlilik durumu ile süt sığırlarında topallık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Balıkesir ilinde, 3000 baş kapasiteli modern süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde bulunan 778 baş Holştein sığırlarının topallık skorlaması, vücut kirlilik puanlaması 4 verim grubuna ayrılarak tespit edilmiş, ahır kirliliği, gezinti alan kirliliği ve sağım yolu kayganlığının topallığa olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. \u0000Ahır kirliliği, yataklık kirliliği ile gezinti alan kirliliği puanı sıyırıcıların düzenli çalışmasından dolayı 0 (temiz) puan, zemin kayganlığı ise yürüme yolunun kauçuk yataklık olmasından dolayı 0 (mükemmel) puan olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan istatistik analizler sonucunda, 7 günlük süt veriminin topallıkla olan ilişkisinde, sadece 1. verim grubuyla istatistiki açıdan fark tespit edilmiştir (p","PeriodicalId":495872,"journal":{"name":"Black sea journal of engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1477046
Ahmed Kasapbaşı, Hüseyin Canbolat
Özet: İşaret Dili, işitme engelli bireyler için hayati bir iletişim aracı olarak hizmet eder ve farklı ülkelerde birçok işaret dilinin varlığına yol açar. Bu çalışma, işaret dili jestlerini metne dönüştürmeyi kolaylaştırmak için Türk İşaret Dili (TİD) alfabesini derin öğrenme ilerlemeleri çerçevesinde kullanmayı önermektedir. Bu amaçla, çeşitli çevresel faktörler açısından çeşitlilik gösteren yeni bir veri kümesi oluşturulmuştur, arka planlar, aydınlatma koşulları ve işaret pozisyonları gibi. Daha sonra, TİD alfabesini algılamak ve sınıflandırmak için Evrişimli Sinir Ağları (CNN'ler) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, geliştirilen modellerin performansını optimize etmek için çeşitli hiperparametreler araştırılmıştır. En iyi CNN mimarisi, beş evrişimli katmanı içerir ve Adam öğrenme hızı optimizasyon yöntemini kullanır; 70 epoch'tan sonra %97.80'lik bir övgüye değer doğruluk (başarılık) elde eder. Sonuç olarak, zorlu bir veri kümesi üzerinde eğitilen önerilen modeller, işaret dili tanıma alanında önemli bir ilerleme temsil etmektedir.
摘要：手语是聋人交流的重要手段，因此在不同国家有许多手语。本研究建议在深度学习进展框架内利用土耳其手语（TSL）字母表，促进将手语手势转录为文本。为此，我们创建了一个新的数据集，该数据集因背景、光照条件和手势位置等各种环境因素而异。然后，使用卷积神经网络（CNN）对 TID 字母进行检测和分类。此外，还研究了各种超参数，以优化所开发模型的性能。最佳的 CNN 架构包括五个卷积层，并采用了亚当学习率优化方法；在 70 个历时之后，其准确率达到了令人称赞的 97.80%。总之，在具有挑战性的数据集上训练出的模型代表了手语识别领域的重大进步。
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Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1465849
Buğra Hoşgönül, Hasan Önder
İki yönlü heterojenliğin bulunduğu durumlarda çift yönlü bloklama işlemi olan Latin Kare deneme deseni yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Denemede ikiden fazla heterojenlik bulunduğu durumlarda Latin Kare deneme desenine alternatif olarak geliştirilen Sudoku deneme deseni kullanılmaktadır. Bu sayede deneme hatasının en aza indirilmesi sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Tip I, Tip II, Tip III ve Tip IV Sudoku deneme desenlerine ait çözümler verilmiştir. Sudoku deneme desenleri için çözüm yapılabilmesi amacıyla Web tabanlı bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Yazılımın geliştirilmesinde ASP (Active Server Pages) yazılım dili kullanılmıştır. Sudoku deneme desenlerinin pek çok faktör ve heterojenlik kaynağının denemelerde etkili olduğu özellikle tarım gibi alanlarda çalışan bilim insanlarına faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
在存在双向异质性的情况下，双向阻断过程的拉丁方块试验设计被广泛使用。在试验中存在两个以上异质性的情况下，可使用数独试验设计，它是拉丁方块试验设计的一种替代方案。通过这种方法，可以最大限度地减少试验误差。本研究给出了 I 型、II 型、III 型和 IV 型数独试验设计的解决方案。为提供数独试验模式的解决方案，我们开发了一个基于网络的软件。该软件的开发使用了 ASP（Active Server Pages）软件语言。据认为，数独试验设计将对从事农业等领域工作的科学家非常有用，因为在这些领域的试验中，许多因素和异质性来源都是有效的。
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Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1464890
Levent Nuralın
Shilajit (Mumio) is a complex of natural bioactive compounds that has historically been used as a therapeutic cream for many skin diseases and is suitable in traditional medicine for diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's and cancer. In this study, to determine the polyphenolic content of Shilajit, extracts obtained at 45 degrees were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the quantitative analysis of ten different polyphenolic compounds. As a result of the experimental study, 28.99±1.23 µg/g routine, 25.47±1.67 µg/g ferulic acid, 41.49±0.41 µg/g resveratrol and 532.19±8.21 µg/g taxifolin was obtained. This study's results will significantly contribute to sectors such as the extraction of bioactive substances, scaling studies, and their use as food supplements and pharmaceutical applications.
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Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1425362
Faysal M. Omar, Bülent Bostancı
The global urban population is steadily increasing, with more than half of the world's population currently residing in cities, and this trend is expected to double by 2050. As urbanization continues, noise pollution becomes a significant concern, affecting over 60% of major city dwellers and impacting human health on both physiological and psychological levels. To address this issue, governments and organizations are striving to develop effective noise assessment, regulation, and mitigation policies. This literature review explores the role of noise mapping and the potential of smartphones in collecting noise data to inform these policies. Traditional noise mapping techniques and smartphone-based data collection methods are discussed, along with their importance in urban planning, environmental studies, and public health. Key research questions are identified, including the methodologies employed for smartphone-based noise mapping, the accuracy of smartphone-collected data compared to traditional measurements, practical applications, challenges, and emerging trends. The review reveals that smartphones offer a cost-effective and widespread means of gathering noise data, enabling real-time insights and enhancing various domains' practical applications. However, challenges such as data accuracy, privacy concerns, and device limitations must be addressed. The future of smartphone-based noise mapping looks promising, with advancements in sensor technologies, artificial intelligence, and data analysis tools empowering researchers, urban planners, and policymakers to make informed decisions about noise pollution in urban environments.
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Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.34248/bsengineering.1463671
S. Sözer
Organik materyallerin oksijensiz ortamda çürütülmesi sonucu elde edilen biyogaz, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biridir. Günümüzde hem çevre kirliliğini önlemede hem de doğaya zarar vermeden temiz enerji üretiminde tercih edilen biyogaz teknolojisi, popülerliğini artıran ve hızla yaygınlaşan bir yöntemdir. Türkiye’nin nüfusu her geçen gün artmakta ve buna bağlı olarak tarımsal ürün üretimi ve enerji tüketimi de artmaktadır. Enerji konusunda kendi kendine yetemeyen ülkemizin mevcut kaynaklarını en iyi şekilde değerlendirmesi bir gerekliliktir. Türkiye’de artan nüfusun et ihtiyacının karşılanabilmesi için mevcut çiftlik hayvanı sayısı da buna bağlı olarak yükselmektedir. Buna paralel olarak çiftliklerde oluşan taze gübre miktarı, kesimhanelerde oluşan kan ve işkembe içerikleri de artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2022 yılı verileri kullanılarak kesilen çiftlik hayvanlarının kan ve işkembe içeriklerinden elde edilebilecek biyogaz miktarları ile mevcut çiftlik hayvanlarının taze gübre miktarından elde edilebilecek biyogaz miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre kesimhane atıkları ve çiftlik hayvanlarının gübrelerinden elde edilebilecek biyogaz miktarı yıllık olarak 24,495 milyar m3 ve bu miktardaki biyogazdan elde edilebilecek elektrik enerjisi miktarı 4,41×1010 kWh’dir
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