Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101301
Izabella Lorena Batista Porto , Gabriela Matoso Melgaço , Lorrane Ferreira Soares , Camila Barroso Grossi , Maria Eduarda Campos Da Silva , Renato Fleury Cardoso , Valéria Amorim Pires Di Lorenzo , Vanessa Pereira Lima
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of over 200 diffuse parenchymal lung disorders, primarily characterized by pulmonary interstitial involvement, frequently affected by inflammation and fibrosis. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the underlying ILD condition but generally include dyspnea, fatigue, persistent cough, bibasilar crackles, digital clubbing, and psychological symptoms. These manifestations contribute to a decline in quality of life, reduced functional capacity, and low tolerance to physical exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the association between functional disability, health status, quality of life, physical performance, muscle strength, and physical activity level in people with ILD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a preliminary cross-sectional, multicenter study, part of a larger project, conducted with people diagnosed with ILD. In addition to clinical history and spirometry for pulmonary function assessment, specific instruments were applied, including the 12-item short version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), which assesses the impact on daily activities and social participation; the King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire (K-BILD), which evaluates the quality of life and health status; the Participation Scale, measuring self-perceived social participation and daily activities; the Human Activity Profile (HAP), classifying physical activity level; the Handgrip Strength Test (HST), assessing peripheral muscle strength using a Jamar dynamometer; and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), which measures functional exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample comprised 13 participants, with a mean age of 55.82 years (± 13.84 years), ranging from 33 to 81 years. The majority were male (7 participants, 53.8%), and five people (38.5%) were classified as overweight. Regarding educational background, 7 participants (53.8%) had completed high school, and in terms of self-reported ethnicity, 7 (53.8%) identified as mixed-race. Additionally, 4 participants (30.8%) had a prior diagnosis of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. The mean WHODAS 2.0 score was 32.39 (±19.14), ranging from 15 to 67 points. Correlation analysis revealed an association only between the WHODAS 2.0 short version and K-BILD (ICC = -0.56; p = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preliminary results indicate that a more significant functional disability in people with ILD is associated with poorer health status, as assessed by the K-BILD. The lack of significant associations with other variables may be attributed to the small sample size of this preliminary study. However, the findings suggest relevant trends that warrant further exploration in future analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These findings suggest that physiother
{"title":"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY, PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN PEOPLE WITH INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS","authors":"Izabella Lorena Batista Porto , Gabriela Matoso Melgaço , Lorrane Ferreira Soares , Camila Barroso Grossi , Maria Eduarda Campos Da Silva , Renato Fleury Cardoso , Valéria Amorim Pires Di Lorenzo , Vanessa Pereira Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of over 200 diffuse parenchymal lung disorders, primarily characterized by pulmonary interstitial involvement, frequently affected by inflammation and fibrosis. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the underlying ILD condition but generally include dyspnea, fatigue, persistent cough, bibasilar crackles, digital clubbing, and psychological symptoms. These manifestations contribute to a decline in quality of life, reduced functional capacity, and low tolerance to physical exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the association between functional disability, health status, quality of life, physical performance, muscle strength, and physical activity level in people with ILD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a preliminary cross-sectional, multicenter study, part of a larger project, conducted with people diagnosed with ILD. In addition to clinical history and spirometry for pulmonary function assessment, specific instruments were applied, including the 12-item short version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), which assesses the impact on daily activities and social participation; the King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire (K-BILD), which evaluates the quality of life and health status; the Participation Scale, measuring self-perceived social participation and daily activities; the Human Activity Profile (HAP), classifying physical activity level; the Handgrip Strength Test (HST), assessing peripheral muscle strength using a Jamar dynamometer; and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), which measures functional exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample comprised 13 participants, with a mean age of 55.82 years (± 13.84 years), ranging from 33 to 81 years. The majority were male (7 participants, 53.8%), and five people (38.5%) were classified as overweight. Regarding educational background, 7 participants (53.8%) had completed high school, and in terms of self-reported ethnicity, 7 (53.8%) identified as mixed-race. Additionally, 4 participants (30.8%) had a prior diagnosis of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. The mean WHODAS 2.0 score was 32.39 (±19.14), ranging from 15 to 67 points. Correlation analysis revealed an association only between the WHODAS 2.0 short version and K-BILD (ICC = -0.56; p = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preliminary results indicate that a more significant functional disability in people with ILD is associated with poorer health status, as assessed by the K-BILD. The lack of significant associations with other variables may be attributed to the small sample size of this preliminary study. However, the findings suggest relevant trends that warrant further exploration in future analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These findings suggest that physiother","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The two-minute step test (2MST) is a submaximal test to assess functional capacity, but few studies analyze its reliability and learning effect.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To verify the reliability and learning effect of the two-minute step test in healthy individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational and methodological study, approved by local ethics committee, carried out from March to October 2024 using a non-probabilistic convenience sample. Individuals aged 18 to 80 years of both sexes were invited. The exclusion criteria were: untreated and/or unstable chronic diseases, previous diagnosis of lung and/or heart diseases, diseases and/or dysfunctions that interfered with walking, and Charlson Comorbidity Index > 4. Individuals who reached 85% of maximum heart rate (HR) and did not attend all assessments were also excluded. The test consists of marching in place for two minutes. The steps consisted of the number of times the right knee reached the predetermined height (midpoint between the iliac crest and the upper edge of the patella). Step counting was performed by two evaluators (randomized order). The test was performed twice on the same day (with 30-minute intervals) and repeated after a 7-day interval between the first and second assessment, resulting in a total of four tests. Vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation) were monitored. Quantitative variables were described as mean (standard error), or 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and qualitative variables were expressed as absolute (relative) frequency. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation method (ICC), considering the classification: < 0.50 (low reliability), 0.50 to 0.75 (moderate reliability), 0.76 to 0.90 (good reliability) and > 0.90 (excellent reliability). The learning effect was verified using the paired t-test (comparing the difference between the first and the last test). The significance level considered was 5% (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one individuals aged 26 (24-34) years were included, of whom 16 (51.6%) were male. The ICC showed good inter-rater reliability on the first day [ICC = 0.838 (95% CI: 0.668-0.922); p = 0.000] and excellent inter-rater reliability on the second day [ICC = 0.911; (95%CI: 0.811-0.958); p = 0.000]. The intra-rater analyses for Evaluator 1 [ICC = 0.801 (95% CI: 0.587-0.904); p = 0.000] and Evaluator 2 [ICC = 0.758 (95% CI:0.506-0.883); p = 0.000] demonstrated good reliability. The number of steps of the last 2MST [107.6(2.3)] was significantly greater (p = 0.009) than the number of steps of the first TME2 [101.3(2,7)]. The mean difference between the two tests was 6.3 steps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The two-minute step test presented good and excellent reliability and a significant learning effect.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The 2MST has p
{"title":"RELIABILITY AND LEARNING EFFECT OF THE TWO-MINUTE STEP TEST","authors":"Camila Mascarelo Panisson , Nicoli Silveira Vieira , Luize Monte Blancb , Esther Cecília Wilches-Luna , Danielle Vieira , Heloyse Uliam Kuriki , Lívia Arcêncio do Amaral","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The two-minute step test (2MST) is a submaximal test to assess functional capacity, but few studies analyze its reliability and learning effect.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To verify the reliability and learning effect of the two-minute step test in healthy individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational and methodological study, approved by local ethics committee, carried out from March to October 2024 using a non-probabilistic convenience sample. Individuals aged 18 to 80 years of both sexes were invited. The exclusion criteria were: untreated and/or unstable chronic diseases, previous diagnosis of lung and/or heart diseases, diseases and/or dysfunctions that interfered with walking, and Charlson Comorbidity Index > 4. Individuals who reached 85% of maximum heart rate (HR) and did not attend all assessments were also excluded. The test consists of marching in place for two minutes. The steps consisted of the number of times the right knee reached the predetermined height (midpoint between the iliac crest and the upper edge of the patella). Step counting was performed by two evaluators (randomized order). The test was performed twice on the same day (with 30-minute intervals) and repeated after a 7-day interval between the first and second assessment, resulting in a total of four tests. Vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation) were monitored. Quantitative variables were described as mean (standard error), or 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and qualitative variables were expressed as absolute (relative) frequency. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation method (ICC), considering the classification: < 0.50 (low reliability), 0.50 to 0.75 (moderate reliability), 0.76 to 0.90 (good reliability) and > 0.90 (excellent reliability). The learning effect was verified using the paired t-test (comparing the difference between the first and the last test). The significance level considered was 5% (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one individuals aged 26 (24-34) years were included, of whom 16 (51.6%) were male. The ICC showed good inter-rater reliability on the first day [ICC = 0.838 (95% CI: 0.668-0.922); p = 0.000] and excellent inter-rater reliability on the second day [ICC = 0.911; (95%CI: 0.811-0.958); p = 0.000]. The intra-rater analyses for Evaluator 1 [ICC = 0.801 (95% CI: 0.587-0.904); p = 0.000] and Evaluator 2 [ICC = 0.758 (95% CI:0.506-0.883); p = 0.000] demonstrated good reliability. The number of steps of the last 2MST [107.6(2.3)] was significantly greater (p = 0.009) than the number of steps of the first TME2 [101.3(2,7)]. The mean difference between the two tests was 6.3 steps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The two-minute step test presented good and excellent reliability and a significant learning effect.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The 2MST has p","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101275
Dalyla Silva Lemos de Souza, Marina Silva Reis, Iane Renata Carvalhais Mesquita, Antonielly Rocha de Souza Pereira, Keity Lamary Souza Silva, Henrique Silveira Costa
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive condition affecting the venous system, involving superficial, deep, or both venous networks. The pathophysiology is primarily attributed to valvular incompetence and dysfunction of the calf muscle pump, which includes deficits in lower limb muscle strength. Given the pivotal role of the calf muscles in venous return, their functional assessment should be integrated into the routine clinical evaluation of patients with CVI. The Heel-Raise Test (HRT) has been proposed as a method to evaluate calf muscle function; however, its correlation with other validated strength and functional performance assessments remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the applicability of the HRT in assessing calf muscle strength and endurance in CVI patients through its association with other muscle strength and endurance tests, as well as functional performance measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 patients diagnosed with CVI (mean age 67.4 ± 11.3 years, 37% females). Participants underwent the HRT, where they performed maximal plantar flexion repetitions until exhaustion. The total number of repetitions and the time taken to complete the test were recorded. Additionally, participants were subjected to the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-5), Ten-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-10), 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-30), and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-60), which evaluated lower limb strength (STS-5 and STS-10) and muscular endurance (STS-30 and STS-60). Complementary assessments included handgrip dynamometry and the Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the HRT and other measures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of HRT repetitions demonstrated significant correlations with STS-5 (r = -0.751; p < 0.001), STS-10 (r = -0.741; p < 0.001), STS-30 (r = 0.724; p < 0.001), STS-60 (r = 0.765; p < 0.001), handgrip dynamometry (r = 0.325; p = 0.041), maximum HAP score (r = 0.401; p = 0.014), and adjusted HAP score (r = 0.330; p = 0.046). Similarly, the time required to complete the HRT correlated with the STS-5 (r = -0.386; p = 0.005), STS-10 (r = -0.399; p = 0.003), STS-30 (r = 0.347; p = 0.012), STS-60 (r = 0.406; p = 0.003), maximum HAP score (r = 0.427; p = 0.002), and adjusted HAP score (r = 0.360; p = 0.011), but not with handgrip dynamometry (r = 0.236; p = 0.092).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The number of repetitions and time spent in the HRT are indicators of calf muscle strength, endurance, and functional capacity in individuals with CVI. Its inclusion in functional assessments can enhance the clinical evaluation of these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The HRT emerges as a viable, practical tool for complementing clinical and functional asses
{"title":"HEEL-RAISE TEST FOR CALF MUSCLE ASSESSMENT IN CVI: CORRELATION WITH STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE TESTS","authors":"Dalyla Silva Lemos de Souza, Marina Silva Reis, Iane Renata Carvalhais Mesquita, Antonielly Rocha de Souza Pereira, Keity Lamary Souza Silva, Henrique Silveira Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive condition affecting the venous system, involving superficial, deep, or both venous networks. The pathophysiology is primarily attributed to valvular incompetence and dysfunction of the calf muscle pump, which includes deficits in lower limb muscle strength. Given the pivotal role of the calf muscles in venous return, their functional assessment should be integrated into the routine clinical evaluation of patients with CVI. The Heel-Raise Test (HRT) has been proposed as a method to evaluate calf muscle function; however, its correlation with other validated strength and functional performance assessments remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the applicability of the HRT in assessing calf muscle strength and endurance in CVI patients through its association with other muscle strength and endurance tests, as well as functional performance measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 patients diagnosed with CVI (mean age 67.4 ± 11.3 years, 37% females). Participants underwent the HRT, where they performed maximal plantar flexion repetitions until exhaustion. The total number of repetitions and the time taken to complete the test were recorded. Additionally, participants were subjected to the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-5), Ten-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-10), 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-30), and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test (STS-60), which evaluated lower limb strength (STS-5 and STS-10) and muscular endurance (STS-30 and STS-60). Complementary assessments included handgrip dynamometry and the Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the HRT and other measures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of HRT repetitions demonstrated significant correlations with STS-5 (r = -0.751; p < 0.001), STS-10 (r = -0.741; p < 0.001), STS-30 (r = 0.724; p < 0.001), STS-60 (r = 0.765; p < 0.001), handgrip dynamometry (r = 0.325; p = 0.041), maximum HAP score (r = 0.401; p = 0.014), and adjusted HAP score (r = 0.330; p = 0.046). Similarly, the time required to complete the HRT correlated with the STS-5 (r = -0.386; p = 0.005), STS-10 (r = -0.399; p = 0.003), STS-30 (r = 0.347; p = 0.012), STS-60 (r = 0.406; p = 0.003), maximum HAP score (r = 0.427; p = 0.002), and adjusted HAP score (r = 0.360; p = 0.011), but not with handgrip dynamometry (r = 0.236; p = 0.092).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The number of repetitions and time spent in the HRT are indicators of calf muscle strength, endurance, and functional capacity in individuals with CVI. Its inclusion in functional assessments can enhance the clinical evaluation of these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The HRT emerges as a viable, practical tool for complementing clinical and functional asses","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101307
Murilo Santos de Carvalho, Vitória Flores Santos, Maria Eduarda da Cas, Franciele Souza Santos, Mauro Antônio Félix, Rafael Rodrigues Dall’Olmo, Luis Fernando Ferreira, Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing elderly population presents a significant challenge to health and social systems worldwide. Frailty is recognized as a condition that can substantially impact the quality of life, autonomy, and independence of older adults, elevating the risk of adverse events and hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify the impacts and factors associated with hospitalization among elderly individuals living in the community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study conducted in a community assisted by a Family Health Team. The sample consisted of 202 elderly individuals, aged 60 years or older, of both sexes. Structured questionnaires developed by the researchers were used to collect data on personal information, socio-environmental factors, and risk factors for frailty. Physical assessments were conducted using tests based on frailty conceptual models, including Fried’s phenotype and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 202 patients evaluated, 39 (19.3%) had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months, with an average of more than one hospitalization (1.69). It is important to highlight that the group of patients with hospitalizations had more falls (average of 2.61 versus 0.72) in the last 12 months, lower handgrip strength (24 kg/f versus 27 kg/f), and lower walking speed (1.38 m/s versus 1.51 m/s). In addition, significant correlations were found between hospitalizations in the last 12 months and the number of falls, forgetting to take their medication, unintentional weight loss, difficulty in carrying out daily activities, inability to carry out their tasks, number of medical appointments, and having a caregiver.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>From this sample, it can be stated that having had hospitalizations in the last year can significantly affect the adaptability capacity, possibly with major impacts on the perception of quality of life, and on functional aspects and risks of falls, with worse outcomes and higher risk for a new hospitalization. Furthermore, for this sample, the number of hospitalizations was directly related to the fact of having a caregiver.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>In physiotherapy practice, the need for integrated post-hospital interventions stands out, encompassing functional rehabilitation, fall prevention strategies, and emotional support, in addition to preventing re-hospitalizations, with a focus on Primary Health Care. Health management should prioritize continuous care for older adults with a history or risk of hospitalizations, implementing programs for muscle strengthening, mobility, and disability prevention. Physiotherapy professionals' training should adopt an approach that considers the physical, psychological, and social aspects of patients. Finally, public pol
{"title":"BETWEEN FRAGILITY AND RECOVERY: THE IMPACT AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITALIZATIONS ON COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY","authors":"Murilo Santos de Carvalho, Vitória Flores Santos, Maria Eduarda da Cas, Franciele Souza Santos, Mauro Antônio Félix, Rafael Rodrigues Dall’Olmo, Luis Fernando Ferreira, Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing elderly population presents a significant challenge to health and social systems worldwide. Frailty is recognized as a condition that can substantially impact the quality of life, autonomy, and independence of older adults, elevating the risk of adverse events and hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify the impacts and factors associated with hospitalization among elderly individuals living in the community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study conducted in a community assisted by a Family Health Team. The sample consisted of 202 elderly individuals, aged 60 years or older, of both sexes. Structured questionnaires developed by the researchers were used to collect data on personal information, socio-environmental factors, and risk factors for frailty. Physical assessments were conducted using tests based on frailty conceptual models, including Fried’s phenotype and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 202 patients evaluated, 39 (19.3%) had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months, with an average of more than one hospitalization (1.69). It is important to highlight that the group of patients with hospitalizations had more falls (average of 2.61 versus 0.72) in the last 12 months, lower handgrip strength (24 kg/f versus 27 kg/f), and lower walking speed (1.38 m/s versus 1.51 m/s). In addition, significant correlations were found between hospitalizations in the last 12 months and the number of falls, forgetting to take their medication, unintentional weight loss, difficulty in carrying out daily activities, inability to carry out their tasks, number of medical appointments, and having a caregiver.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>From this sample, it can be stated that having had hospitalizations in the last year can significantly affect the adaptability capacity, possibly with major impacts on the perception of quality of life, and on functional aspects and risks of falls, with worse outcomes and higher risk for a new hospitalization. Furthermore, for this sample, the number of hospitalizations was directly related to the fact of having a caregiver.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>In physiotherapy practice, the need for integrated post-hospital interventions stands out, encompassing functional rehabilitation, fall prevention strategies, and emotional support, in addition to preventing re-hospitalizations, with a focus on Primary Health Care. Health management should prioritize continuous care for older adults with a history or risk of hospitalizations, implementing programs for muscle strengthening, mobility, and disability prevention. Physiotherapy professionals' training should adopt an approach that considers the physical, psychological, and social aspects of patients. Finally, public pol","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101309
Murilo Santos de Carvalho, Alissa Rosa De Castro, Mayara Cristina Pinto da Luz, Franciele Souza Santos, Tania Cristina Malezan Fleig, Rafael Rodrigues Dall’Olmo, Luis Fernando Ferreira, Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Population aging is a global trend that presents significant challenges for public health. Community-dwelling older adults represent a diverse population with different levels of autonomy and healthcare needs. Therefore, it is essential to use specific assessment tools that are sensitive to the characteristics and contexts of this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify the characteristics of the elderly population in a neighborhood of the municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, aiming to understand frailty and factors associated with certain risks, such as falls and hospitalizations, preventing functional incapacity and promoting independence and autonomy in their daily activities with safety and dignity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research consists of an observational cross-sectional descriptive study. Individuals aged 60 years or older, of both sexes, and living in households within a specific community monitored by a Family Health team were evaluated. Data collection was conducted through the application of a structured questionnaire developed by researchers, which included personal data, risk factors and socio-environmental aspects. Additionally, information on fall history, use of walking aids, past hospitalizations, and whether the individual had a formal or informal caregiver, among other aspects, was gathered. Physical assessment was conducted using tests based on the conceptual models of frailty according to Fried's phenotype and the Edmonton Frail Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 202 individuals were evaluated, the majority of whom were women (59%), with a mean age of 71.7 years. 76% of the sample were overweight or obese to some degree, and 46% perceived their health status as poor or average, and another third of the sample reported having difficulty performing daily activities (40%), which resulted in 46% of the sample reporting feeling sad or depressed. Regarding the functional tests, it is important to highlight that women had more falls, lower handgrip strength, slower speed to perform the timed-up-and-go test and slower gait speed than men, with statistically significant differences (p < 0,05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study highlight the predominance of women in the evaluated elderly population, with greater functional vulnerability among them, including a higher occurrence of falls, lower handgrip strength, and slower performance in functional tests. Additionally, the reported difficulty in performing daily activities by one-third of the participants reinforces the need for strategies focused on promoting functionality and preventing disabilities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These results highlight the importance of targeted physiotherapy interventions aimed at improving mobility, nutritional status, and mental health in the elderly population. The high prevalence of overweight and functiona
{"title":"AGING IN FOCUS: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION OF A FAMILY HEALTH TEAM","authors":"Murilo Santos de Carvalho, Alissa Rosa De Castro, Mayara Cristina Pinto da Luz, Franciele Souza Santos, Tania Cristina Malezan Fleig, Rafael Rodrigues Dall’Olmo, Luis Fernando Ferreira, Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Population aging is a global trend that presents significant challenges for public health. Community-dwelling older adults represent a diverse population with different levels of autonomy and healthcare needs. Therefore, it is essential to use specific assessment tools that are sensitive to the characteristics and contexts of this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify the characteristics of the elderly population in a neighborhood of the municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, aiming to understand frailty and factors associated with certain risks, such as falls and hospitalizations, preventing functional incapacity and promoting independence and autonomy in their daily activities with safety and dignity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research consists of an observational cross-sectional descriptive study. Individuals aged 60 years or older, of both sexes, and living in households within a specific community monitored by a Family Health team were evaluated. Data collection was conducted through the application of a structured questionnaire developed by researchers, which included personal data, risk factors and socio-environmental aspects. Additionally, information on fall history, use of walking aids, past hospitalizations, and whether the individual had a formal or informal caregiver, among other aspects, was gathered. Physical assessment was conducted using tests based on the conceptual models of frailty according to Fried's phenotype and the Edmonton Frail Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 202 individuals were evaluated, the majority of whom were women (59%), with a mean age of 71.7 years. 76% of the sample were overweight or obese to some degree, and 46% perceived their health status as poor or average, and another third of the sample reported having difficulty performing daily activities (40%), which resulted in 46% of the sample reporting feeling sad or depressed. Regarding the functional tests, it is important to highlight that women had more falls, lower handgrip strength, slower speed to perform the timed-up-and-go test and slower gait speed than men, with statistically significant differences (p < 0,05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study highlight the predominance of women in the evaluated elderly population, with greater functional vulnerability among them, including a higher occurrence of falls, lower handgrip strength, and slower performance in functional tests. Additionally, the reported difficulty in performing daily activities by one-third of the participants reinforces the need for strategies focused on promoting functionality and preventing disabilities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These results highlight the importance of targeted physiotherapy interventions aimed at improving mobility, nutritional status, and mental health in the elderly population. The high prevalence of overweight and functiona","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive decline in older adults due to metabolic, neuroinflammatory, and vascular alterations. These changes contribute to functional impairment, increasing the risk of falls and dependence on daily activities. Effective interventions are necessary to mitigate these effects and promote healthy aging. Physical exercise, particularly resistance training, and dual-task cognitive stimulation have been proposed as promising strategies to enhance cognitive function and functional independence in this population.
Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the effects of physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation on cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM through an integrative review of the literature.
Methods
An integrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2025 were included. The selected studies investigated interventions involving physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation targeting cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM. Studies were analyzed regarding methodological characteristics, interventions, and cognitive outcomes.
Results
The findings indicate that insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction contribute to cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM. Physical exercise, especially resistance training, and dual-task interventions have demonstrated benefits in neural plasticity, cerebral metabolism, and cognitive function. Improvements were observed in executive functions, memory, attention, balance, and motor coordination, which are crucial for functional independence and fall prevention. However, the methodological heterogeneity across studies and the limited number of longitudinal clinical trials highlight the need for further research.
Conclusion
Evidence suggests that physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation are effective in mitigating cognitive decline in older adults with T2DM. These interventions contribute to glycemic control, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve cognitive and motor functions. Future studies should focus on high-quality, longitudinal clinical trials to establish standardized protocols and confirm long-term benefits.
Implications
The incorporation of resistance training and dual-task cognitive stimulation into rehabilitation programs for individuals with T2DM may enhance cognitive and functional outcomes, promoting independence and reducing the risk of falls. Further research is needed to strengthen evidence-based practice in this field.
背景2型糖尿病（T2DM）与老年人认知能力下降有关，原因是代谢、神经炎症和血管改变。这些变化会导致功能损害，增加跌倒的风险和对日常活动的依赖。有效的干预措施是必要的，以减轻这些影响，促进健康老龄化。体育锻炼，特别是阻力训练和双任务认知刺激被认为是提高这一人群认知功能和功能独立性的有希望的策略。目的通过文献综述，分析体育锻炼和双任务认知刺激对2型糖尿病患者认知能力下降的影响。方法通过检索PubMed、SciELO、LILACS、Web of Science、Scopus等数据库进行综合评价。纳入了2005年至2025年间发表的原始研究、系统综述和荟萃分析。选定的研究调查了针对T2DM患者认知能力下降的干预措施，包括体育锻炼和双任务认知刺激。研究分析了方法学特征、干预措施和认知结果。结果胰岛素抵抗、神经炎症和血管功能障碍导致T2DM患者认知能力下降。体育锻炼，特别是阻力训练和双任务干预已被证明对神经可塑性、脑代谢和认知功能有好处。在执行功能、记忆、注意力、平衡和运动协调方面观察到改善，这些对功能独立和预防跌倒至关重要。然而，研究方法的异质性和有限数量的纵向临床试验突出了进一步研究的必要性。结论体育锻炼和双任务认知刺激可有效缓解老年T2DM患者的认知能力下降。这些干预措施有助于控制血糖，减少神经炎症，改善认知和运动功能。未来的研究应侧重于高质量的纵向临床试验，以建立标准化的方案并确认长期效益。将抗阻训练和双任务认知刺激纳入T2DM患者的康复计划可能会提高认知和功能结果，促进独立性并降低跌倒风险。需要进一步的研究来加强这一领域的循证实践。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND DUAL-TASK COGNITIVE STIMULATION ON COGNITIVE DECLINE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW","authors":"Josilayne Patrícia Ramos Carvalho, Renan Wallace Guimarães da Rocha, Renato Sobral Monteiro Junior, Elren Passos Monteiro, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive decline in older adults due to metabolic, neuroinflammatory, and vascular alterations. These changes contribute to functional impairment, increasing the risk of falls and dependence on daily activities. Effective interventions are necessary to mitigate these effects and promote healthy aging. Physical exercise, particularly resistance training, and dual-task cognitive stimulation have been proposed as promising strategies to enhance cognitive function and functional independence in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the effects of physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation on cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM through an integrative review of the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An integrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2025 were included. The selected studies investigated interventions involving physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation targeting cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM. Studies were analyzed regarding methodological characteristics, interventions, and cognitive outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction contribute to cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM. Physical exercise, especially resistance training, and dual-task interventions have demonstrated benefits in neural plasticity, cerebral metabolism, and cognitive function. Improvements were observed in executive functions, memory, attention, balance, and motor coordination, which are crucial for functional independence and fall prevention. However, the methodological heterogeneity across studies and the limited number of longitudinal clinical trials highlight the need for further research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Evidence suggests that physical exercise and dual-task cognitive stimulation are effective in mitigating cognitive decline in older adults with T2DM. These interventions contribute to glycemic control, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve cognitive and motor functions. Future studies should focus on high-quality, longitudinal clinical trials to establish standardized protocols and confirm long-term benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The incorporation of resistance training and dual-task cognitive stimulation into rehabilitation programs for individuals with T2DM may enhance cognitive and functional outcomes, promoting independence and reducing the risk of falls. Further research is needed to strengthen evidence-based practice in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101265
Luciana Angélica da Silva de Jesus , Luciano Luporini Menegaldo , Gabrielle Gomes Queiroz , Helena Mucci , Letícia Maria Do Carmo Corrêa , Ricardo Enrico Rocha Moreira , Leda Marília Fonseca Lucinda , Maycon Moura Reboredo
Background
Individuals with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis have a high risk of falls. Additionally, these individuals present high sedentary time. The relation between sedentary behavior and the risk of falls needs to be investigated for individuals on hemodialysis.
Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to verify the association between sedentary behavior and the risk of falls in individuals on hemodialysis. The secondary aims were to identify the incidence of falls and to compare the sedentary behavior between fallers (at least one recording of falls) and nonfallers (without recording of falls).
Methods
This 12-month prospective study included individuals in regular hemodialysis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded from an interview. Sedentary behavior was evaluated by the sedentary time recorded on dialysis and nondialysis days using a triaxial accelerometer (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph). The accelerometer was positioned on the individuals’ dominant waist, and they were instructed to wear it for eight consecutive days during waking hours. After the initial assessment, the occurrence of falls was monitored monthly for 12 months according to the fall definition as an unexpected event in which the individual came to rest on the ground, floor, or lower level. A descriptive analysis was conducted and comparisons between fallers and nonfallers were made by Student T-test. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models investigated the association between sedentary time and the risk of falls, with falls as the dependent variable. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
This study included 96 individuals (59.3 ± 12.3 years old, 57.3% male). The incidence of falls was 29.2%. Fallers presented lower sedentary time on nondialysis days than nonfallers did (504.9 ± 136.7 vs. 580.9 ± 120.0 minutes per day, p = 0.012). In the unadjusted logistic regression analysis, sedentary time on nondialysis days was directly associated with risk of falls [OR: 1.005 (1.001 to 1.009); p = 0.016]. After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, gender, time on hemodialysis, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, sedentary time on nondialysis days remained associated with risk of falls [OR: 1.005 (1.000 to 1.009) p = 0.037].
Conclusion
Higher sedentary behavior on nondialysis days increased the risk of falls for individuals on hemodialysis.
Implications
The assessment of sedentary behavior can be used to identify individuals on hemodialysis with higher risk of falls and to contribute for the development of preventive strategies.
{"title":"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND RISK OF FALLS IN INDIVIDUALS ON HEMODIALYSIS","authors":"Luciana Angélica da Silva de Jesus , Luciano Luporini Menegaldo , Gabrielle Gomes Queiroz , Helena Mucci , Letícia Maria Do Carmo Corrêa , Ricardo Enrico Rocha Moreira , Leda Marília Fonseca Lucinda , Maycon Moura Reboredo","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis have a high risk of falls. Additionally, these individuals present high sedentary time. The relation between sedentary behavior and the risk of falls needs to be investigated for individuals on hemodialysis.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary aim of this study was to verify the association between sedentary behavior and the risk of falls in individuals on hemodialysis. The secondary aims were to identify the incidence of falls and to compare the sedentary behavior between fallers (at least one recording of falls) and nonfallers (without recording of falls).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This 12-month prospective study included individuals in regular hemodialysis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded from an interview. Sedentary behavior was evaluated by the sedentary time recorded on dialysis and nondialysis days using a triaxial accelerometer (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph). The accelerometer was positioned on the individuals’ dominant waist, and they were instructed to wear it for eight consecutive days during waking hours. After the initial assessment, the occurrence of falls was monitored monthly for 12 months according to the fall definition as an unexpected event in which the individual came to rest on the ground, floor, or lower level. A descriptive analysis was conducted and comparisons between fallers and nonfallers were made by Student T-test. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models investigated the association between sedentary time and the risk of falls, with falls as the dependent variable. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 96 individuals (59.3 ± 12.3 years old, 57.3% male). The incidence of falls was 29.2%. Fallers presented lower sedentary time on nondialysis days than nonfallers did (504.9 ± 136.7 vs. 580.9 ± 120.0 minutes per day, p = 0.012). In the unadjusted logistic regression analysis, sedentary time on nondialysis days was directly associated with risk of falls [OR: 1.005 (1.001 to 1.009); p = 0.016]. After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, gender, time on hemodialysis, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, sedentary time on nondialysis days remained associated with risk of falls [OR: 1.005 (1.000 to 1.009) p = 0.037].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher sedentary behavior on nondialysis days increased the risk of falls for individuals on hemodialysis.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The assessment of sedentary behavior can be used to identify individuals on hemodialysis with higher risk of falls and to contribute for the development of preventive strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101266
Livia Maria Petilli Zopelari, Maria Gabriela Colucci, Tiago de Almeida Araújo, Fernanda Manenti Basso, Marcela Maria Carvalho da Silva, Valéria Amorim Pires Di Lorenzo
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional capacity in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); however, these effects diminish over time, and these individuals exhibit a vicious cycle of sedentary behavior, leading to functional losses. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding whether this behavior influences functional capacity, physical activity levels post-PR, and the maintenance of long-term benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To verify whether pre-PR sedentary time can explain functional capacity and physical activity levels post-rehabilitation and over six months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a longitudinal study conducted on individuals with COPD who completed an eight-week PR program based on functional tests. The study was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. Participants were assessed at three time points: pre-PR, post-PR and six months after PR. The assessments included functional capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT and six-minute step test- 6MST). To measure sedentary behavior and physical activity levels, an accelerometer was worn on the right thigh for seven consecutive days. The accelerometer data were processed using ActiPASS software, and repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and simple linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSS. The significance level was set at p = 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 26 individuals with COPD were evaluated, with a mean age of 67 ± 7 years, 15 (58%) males, FEV1 of 51 ± 14%, and a BMI of 25±5 Kg/m². There was a significant improvement in functional capacity from pre- to post-PR with no differences after six months. Regarding physical activity levels, no significant differences were found across the three time points. A correlation was observed between pre-PR sedentary time and 6MWT (r = -0.506, p = 0.008), 6MST (r = -0.532, p = 0.005), post-PR physical activity level (r = -0.616, p = 0.001) and six-month post-PR physical activity level (r = -0.760, p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed that the pre-PR sedentary time explained 22.5% of the variance in functional capacity for the 6MWT (adjusted R² = 0.225, p = 0.008), 25.4% for the 6MST (adjusted R² = 0.254, p = 0.005), 35.3% for the post-PR physical activity level (adjusted R² = 0.353, p = 0.001), and 55.6% for six month post-PR physical activity level (adjusted R² = 0.556, p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pre-PR sedentary time explained the variance in functional capacity and physical activity levels post-PR, as well as long-term physical activity levels. This reinforces the need to encourage more sedentary individuals to break this behavior during and after PR to maintain functional gains.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings of this study highlight the importance of Behavior change strategies targeting more sedentary individuals to enhance PR respons
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SEDENTARY TIME ON FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AFTER A PULMONARY REHABILITATION PROGRAM","authors":"Livia Maria Petilli Zopelari, Maria Gabriela Colucci, Tiago de Almeida Araújo, Fernanda Manenti Basso, Marcela Maria Carvalho da Silva, Valéria Amorim Pires Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional capacity in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); however, these effects diminish over time, and these individuals exhibit a vicious cycle of sedentary behavior, leading to functional losses. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding whether this behavior influences functional capacity, physical activity levels post-PR, and the maintenance of long-term benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To verify whether pre-PR sedentary time can explain functional capacity and physical activity levels post-rehabilitation and over six months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a longitudinal study conducted on individuals with COPD who completed an eight-week PR program based on functional tests. The study was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee. Participants were assessed at three time points: pre-PR, post-PR and six months after PR. The assessments included functional capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT and six-minute step test- 6MST). To measure sedentary behavior and physical activity levels, an accelerometer was worn on the right thigh for seven consecutive days. The accelerometer data were processed using ActiPASS software, and repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and simple linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSS. The significance level was set at p = 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 26 individuals with COPD were evaluated, with a mean age of 67 ± 7 years, 15 (58%) males, FEV1 of 51 ± 14%, and a BMI of 25±5 Kg/m². There was a significant improvement in functional capacity from pre- to post-PR with no differences after six months. Regarding physical activity levels, no significant differences were found across the three time points. A correlation was observed between pre-PR sedentary time and 6MWT (r = -0.506, p = 0.008), 6MST (r = -0.532, p = 0.005), post-PR physical activity level (r = -0.616, p = 0.001) and six-month post-PR physical activity level (r = -0.760, p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed that the pre-PR sedentary time explained 22.5% of the variance in functional capacity for the 6MWT (adjusted R² = 0.225, p = 0.008), 25.4% for the 6MST (adjusted R² = 0.254, p = 0.005), 35.3% for the post-PR physical activity level (adjusted R² = 0.353, p = 0.001), and 55.6% for six month post-PR physical activity level (adjusted R² = 0.556, p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pre-PR sedentary time explained the variance in functional capacity and physical activity levels post-PR, as well as long-term physical activity levels. This reinforces the need to encourage more sedentary individuals to break this behavior during and after PR to maintain functional gains.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings of this study highlight the importance of Behavior change strategies targeting more sedentary individuals to enhance PR respons","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101349
Carolina da Silva Santos, Julia Beatriz Rodrigues, Richelle Silva de Oliveira, Vitor Profeta, Maicon Rodrigues, Luciano Prado, Larissa Santos Pinto Pinheiro, Juliana de Melo Ocarino
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pain catastrophizing, an exaggerated tendency to anticipate and amplify painful sensations, is a critical factor in the evaluation and treatment of athletes. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-assessment questionnaire, consisting of 13 statements that assess thoughts and feelings related to pain. In the context of swimming, a high-performance sport, understanding the differences in pain catastrophizing between age and sex categories can provide information about each individual's perception of pain. This study aims to explore how these factors influence the level of sleep catastrophizing in athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize the level of catastrophizing in swimming athletes and analyze the association of category and sex with the level of pain catastrophizing in swimming athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an observational cross-sectional study. Forty-four swimmers of both sexes classified in the children's, youth and junior categories participated in the study. The athletes responded to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, which ranges from 0 to 52 points, with values ??above 30 points representing a significant level of pain catastrophizing. The Total Pain Catastrophizing score was calculated. Analysis of Variance and independent t-test were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 44 athletes evaluated, 33 completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, 13 of whom were in the Children's category, 10 in the Youth category and 10 in the Junior category. Of these, 21 were men and 12 were women. Only 6 athletes had a score higher than the cutoff point. There was no significant difference between the categories (p = 0.946) and, when comparing genders, there was no significant difference in pain catastrophizing (p = 0.145).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed that most of the athletes evaluated presented low levels of pain catastrophizing, with only 6 athletes demonstrating scores above 30 points, indicating a significant level of catastrophizing. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between categories and genders. Future studies with larger sample sizes and with athletes at different levels of competition need to be carried out to better investigate the factors that influence catastrophizing.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Pain catastrophizing is an exaggerated negative orientation towards harmful stimuli and should be considered important for the performance and well-being of athletes, especially those with a history of previous injuries. The presence of catastrophic thoughts can impair adaptation to physical discomfort and negatively influence sports performance. Therefore, it is essential that sports training and rehabilitation programs include psychological approaches that help to reduce pain catastrophizing, covering different factors that may be associated with the amplification of pain sensation.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CATEGORY AND BIOLOGICAL SEX ON THE LEVEL OF PAIN CATASTROPHIZING IN SWIMMING ATHLETES","authors":"Carolina da Silva Santos, Julia Beatriz Rodrigues, Richelle Silva de Oliveira, Vitor Profeta, Maicon Rodrigues, Luciano Prado, Larissa Santos Pinto Pinheiro, Juliana de Melo Ocarino","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pain catastrophizing, an exaggerated tendency to anticipate and amplify painful sensations, is a critical factor in the evaluation and treatment of athletes. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-assessment questionnaire, consisting of 13 statements that assess thoughts and feelings related to pain. In the context of swimming, a high-performance sport, understanding the differences in pain catastrophizing between age and sex categories can provide information about each individual's perception of pain. This study aims to explore how these factors influence the level of sleep catastrophizing in athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize the level of catastrophizing in swimming athletes and analyze the association of category and sex with the level of pain catastrophizing in swimming athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an observational cross-sectional study. Forty-four swimmers of both sexes classified in the children's, youth and junior categories participated in the study. The athletes responded to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, which ranges from 0 to 52 points, with values ??above 30 points representing a significant level of pain catastrophizing. The Total Pain Catastrophizing score was calculated. Analysis of Variance and independent t-test were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 44 athletes evaluated, 33 completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, 13 of whom were in the Children's category, 10 in the Youth category and 10 in the Junior category. Of these, 21 were men and 12 were women. Only 6 athletes had a score higher than the cutoff point. There was no significant difference between the categories (p = 0.946) and, when comparing genders, there was no significant difference in pain catastrophizing (p = 0.145).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed that most of the athletes evaluated presented low levels of pain catastrophizing, with only 6 athletes demonstrating scores above 30 points, indicating a significant level of catastrophizing. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between categories and genders. Future studies with larger sample sizes and with athletes at different levels of competition need to be carried out to better investigate the factors that influence catastrophizing.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Pain catastrophizing is an exaggerated negative orientation towards harmful stimuli and should be considered important for the performance and well-being of athletes, especially those with a history of previous injuries. The presence of catastrophic thoughts can impair adaptation to physical discomfort and negatively influence sports performance. Therefore, it is essential that sports training and rehabilitation programs include psychological approaches that help to reduce pain catastrophizing, covering different factors that may be associated with the amplification of pain sensation.","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101337
Matheus Lemos Dos Santos, Gabriel Alves Dos Santos, Raquel Lins de Sousa Lima, Bruna Gabriella Nascimento Bezerra, Mayara Ribeiro Da Silva, Marlison Douglas Nascimento Silva, Valéria Mayaly Alves de Oliveira, Danilo Harudy Kamonseki
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pelvic drop can indicate a sign of muscle weakness during the lumbopelvic stability test. The integrity of this region ensures the proper transfer of energy to the distal segments for the body's kinematics and biomechanics, such as muscle strength, which is an important component of the kinetic chain. In swimming athletes, it is not yet clear which factors may be related to the injuries and pain they experience, making it necessary to understand if there is any correlation between the lumbopelvic stability test and trunk muscle endurance due to the scarcity of studies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the correlation between the lumbopelvic stability test and endurance tests of the trunk in swimmers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional observational study approved by the research ethics committee. The inclusion criteria were swimmers athletes of both sex, age between 18 and 60 years old, with competitive practice in the past one year, and regular training for at least twice a week. Lumbopelvic stability was assessed using the one-legged bridge test with spherical markers on the anterior superior iliac spines, where the pelvic tilt (in degrees) was observed and recorded. Two-dimensional analyses were conducted using the Kinovea 0.9.5 software (Kinovea Open Source Project) for Windows®. Additionally, muscle endurance of the trunk flexors (front plank), extensors (Biering-Sorenson test), and lateral flexors (side plank) was assessed by having the individual maintain a pre-established ideal posture for each muscle group for as long as possible. Pearson coefficient correlation was used to assess the association between the lumbopelvic stability test and endurance tests, which was classified as weak (0–0.39), moderate (0.40–0.69), and strong (0.70–1.00). Data analysis was performed using SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL version 23.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 27 athletes participated in the study, with mean age of 32.78 ± 14.64, 6.96 ± 6.05 years of sports practice, and 15 (56 %) were men. The results of the lumbopelvic stability test showed a weak negative correlation for the endurance of the flexor muscles (front plank) (r = - 0.233), right lateral flexors (side plank) (r = - 0.217), left lateral flexors (side plank) (r = - 0.003), and a weak positive correlation for the trunk extensor muscles (Biering-Sorenson test) (r = 0.109).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The lumbopelvic stability test has a weak negative correlation for the endurance of the flexor muscles, lateral flexors, and a weak positive correlation for the trunk extensor muscles in swimming athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The study suggests that endurance does not influence pelvic tilt during the lumbopelvic stability test in swimming athletes, and therefore, it is important to investigate and evaluate other factors that may actually influence instability in this region.</
背景：在腰盆腔稳定性试验中，盆腔下垂可能表明肌肉无力。该区域的完整性确保了身体运动学和生物力学的能量适当转移到远端节段，如肌肉力量，这是动力链的重要组成部分。在游泳运动员中，目前尚不清楚哪些因素可能与他们所经历的损伤和疼痛有关，因此由于研究较少，有必要了解腰骨盆稳定性试验与躯干肌肉耐力之间是否存在相关性。目的探讨游泳运动员腰骨盆稳定性试验与躯干耐力试验的相关性。方法本研究为经研究伦理委员会批准的横断面观察性研究。入选标准为男女游泳运动员，年龄在18岁至60岁之间，过去一年有竞技训练，每周至少定期训练两次。采用单腿桥试验评估腰骨盆稳定性，在髂前上棘上放置球形标记物，观察并记录骨盆倾斜（以度为单位）。使用Windows®的Kinovea 0.9.5软件（Kinovea Open Source Project）进行二维分析。此外，躯干屈肌（前平板）、伸肌（Biering-Sorenson试验）和侧屈肌（侧平板）的肌肉耐力通过让个体尽可能长时间地保持每个肌肉群的预先建立的理想姿势来评估。采用Pearson相关系数评价腰骨盆稳定性试验与耐力试验之间的相关性，其相关性分为弱（0-0.39）、中（0.40-0.69）和强（0.70-1.00）。数据分析使用SPSS Inc， Chicago, IL version 23.0进行。结果共有27名运动员参与研究，平均年龄32.78±14.64岁，运动经验6.96±6.05年，其中男性15名，占56%。腰骨盆稳定性测试结果显示，屈肌（前平板）耐力（r = - 0.233）、右侧屈肌（侧平板）耐力（r = - 0.217）、左侧屈肌（侧平板）耐力（r = - 0.003）与躯干伸肌耐力（r = 0.109）呈弱负相关。结论腰骨盆稳定性试验与游泳运动员屈肌、侧屈肌耐力呈弱负相关，与躯干伸肌耐力呈弱正相关。本研究提示游泳运动员在腰骨盆稳定性试验中耐力并不影响骨盆倾斜，因此，研究和评估其他可能影响该区域不稳定性的因素是很重要的。
{"title":"CORRELATION BETWEEN LUMBOPELVIC STABILITY TEST AND ENDURANCE TESTS OF THE TRUNK IN SWIMMERS","authors":"Matheus Lemos Dos Santos, Gabriel Alves Dos Santos, Raquel Lins de Sousa Lima, Bruna Gabriella Nascimento Bezerra, Mayara Ribeiro Da Silva, Marlison Douglas Nascimento Silva, Valéria Mayaly Alves de Oliveira, Danilo Harudy Kamonseki","doi":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pelvic drop can indicate a sign of muscle weakness during the lumbopelvic stability test. The integrity of this region ensures the proper transfer of energy to the distal segments for the body's kinematics and biomechanics, such as muscle strength, which is an important component of the kinetic chain. In swimming athletes, it is not yet clear which factors may be related to the injuries and pain they experience, making it necessary to understand if there is any correlation between the lumbopelvic stability test and trunk muscle endurance due to the scarcity of studies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the correlation between the lumbopelvic stability test and endurance tests of the trunk in swimmers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional observational study approved by the research ethics committee. The inclusion criteria were swimmers athletes of both sex, age between 18 and 60 years old, with competitive practice in the past one year, and regular training for at least twice a week. Lumbopelvic stability was assessed using the one-legged bridge test with spherical markers on the anterior superior iliac spines, where the pelvic tilt (in degrees) was observed and recorded. Two-dimensional analyses were conducted using the Kinovea 0.9.5 software (Kinovea Open Source Project) for Windows®. Additionally, muscle endurance of the trunk flexors (front plank), extensors (Biering-Sorenson test), and lateral flexors (side plank) was assessed by having the individual maintain a pre-established ideal posture for each muscle group for as long as possible. Pearson coefficient correlation was used to assess the association between the lumbopelvic stability test and endurance tests, which was classified as weak (0–0.39), moderate (0.40–0.69), and strong (0.70–1.00). Data analysis was performed using SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL version 23.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 27 athletes participated in the study, with mean age of 32.78 ± 14.64, 6.96 ± 6.05 years of sports practice, and 15 (56 %) were men. The results of the lumbopelvic stability test showed a weak negative correlation for the endurance of the flexor muscles (front plank) (r = - 0.233), right lateral flexors (side plank) (r = - 0.217), left lateral flexors (side plank) (r = - 0.003), and a weak positive correlation for the trunk extensor muscles (Biering-Sorenson test) (r = 0.109).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The lumbopelvic stability test has a weak negative correlation for the endurance of the flexor muscles, lateral flexors, and a weak positive correlation for the trunk extensor muscles in swimming athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The study suggests that endurance does not influence pelvic tilt during the lumbopelvic stability test in swimming athletes, and therefore, it is important to investigate and evaluate other factors that may actually influence instability in this region.</","PeriodicalId":49621,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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