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Arctic adventure cruise shipping network: Itinerary characteristics and spatial structure 北极探险邮轮航运网络:航线特征和空间结构
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000153
Zukun Long, Xiaoyun Ren, Xumao Li
Abstract The frigid geographical environment in the Arctic has shaped the exploration attribute of the polar cruise shipping network. In this study, the typical characteristics and special structure of the Arctic adventure cruise shipping network are investigated by using the network analysis method based on the data of 172 adventure cruise itineraries in the Arctic. It is found that the Arctic adventure cruise itineraries are dominated by 8–17 days of medium itineraries, and the ratio of one-way itineraries to round-trip itineraries is about 1:1. There are differences in the centrality of different ports, forming two core ports Reykjavík and Longyearbyen and a sub-core port Kangerlussuaq. The overall contact strength of the Arctic adventure cruise shipping network is low. Under the joint influence of such factors as centrality and contact strength, the Arctic constitutes the dual-core clusters of Iceland and Svalbard Islands and a sub-core cluster of Greenland.
摘要北极寒冷的地理环境塑造了极地邮轮航运网络的探索属性。本研究基于172条北极探险邮轮航线的数据,采用网络分析方法,研究了北极探险邮轮航运网络的典型特征和特殊结构。研究发现,北极探险邮轮行程以8-17天的中等行程为主,单程行程与往返行程的比例约为1:1。不同港口的中心性存在差异,形成了两个核心港口雷克雅未克和朗伊尔城,以及一个次核心港口康格鲁苏阿。北极探险邮轮航运网络的整体联系强度较低。在中心性和接触强度等因素的共同影响下,北极构成了冰岛和斯瓦尔巴群岛的双核集群和格陵兰岛的亚核心集群。
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引用次数: 0
S. A. Andrée’s understanding of Arctic ice drift during his 1897 balloon expedition S.A.Andrée在1897年的气球探险中对北极冰漂移的理解
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000219
Björn Lantz
Abstract The tragic Andrée balloon expedition of 1897 serves as a haunting reminder of the dangers posed by ice drift during polar exploration. This paper examines Andrée’s initial decision after his balloon flight to march towards Cape Flora in Franz Josef Land, despite its much greater distance compared to the Sjuøyane archipelago. The rationale behind this choice remains unclear, but potential factors include stored supplies, the demonstrated winter survival in Franz Josef Land and the scientific interest in unexplored regions. By analysing historical accounts and employing scenario analyses, this study contributes to a better understanding of Andrée’s perception of ice drift and its impact on their ill-fated journey. The paper explores major forces affecting ice drift, reviews the historical development of understanding ice drift in the area, and presents an analysis of Andrée’s understanding and decision-making. The overall conclusion is that Andrée probably was unaware of the substantial deflection to the right of the direction of the wind that ice drift in the Arctic on average is characterised of due to the Earth’s rotation (the Coriolis effect). Without this deflection, the decision to march towards Cape Flora would have made sense under the assumption of continued northerly winds.
摘要1897年安德雷气球探险的悲剧提醒人们极地探险过程中冰漂移带来的危险。本文考察了Andrée在气球飞行后的最初决定,即向Franz Josef Land的弗洛拉角进军,尽管与Sjuøyane群岛相比,弗洛拉角的距离要远得多。这一选择背后的理由尚不清楚,但潜在因素包括储存的物资、弗兰兹约瑟夫地的冬季生存证明以及对未勘探地区的科学兴趣。通过分析历史记录和情景分析,这项研究有助于更好地理解安德烈对冰漂移的看法及其对他们命运多舛的旅程的影响。本文探讨了影响冰漂移的主要力量,回顾了该地区理解冰漂移的历史发展,并对安德烈的理解和决策进行了分析。总体结论是,Andrée可能没有意识到,由于地球自转(科里奥利效应),北极的冰漂移平均表现为风向向右的大幅偏转。如果没有这种偏转,在持续北风的假设下,向弗洛拉角进军的决定是有意义的。
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引用次数: 0
International interdisciplinary Arctic research: Case study of the Russian Arctic biomonitoring mega-grant project 国际跨学科北极研究:俄罗斯北极生物监测大型资助项目案例研究
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000190
T. Sorokina, L. Zarubina, M. Gutenev, Elena Kudryashova
Abstract The Arctic region is commonly seen as a territory of international dialogue and cooperation. This perception is largely due to the science diplomacy efforts that are largely being contributed by universities, scientific centres, research teams and individual scholars. This paper discusses the Arctic science diplomacy initiatives proposed by Russia’s northernmost federal university. Of particular interest is the case of establishing in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation of national biological monitoring network – the initiative supported by the government-funded mega-grant programme. Our analysis suggests that two pillars of science diplomacy – “science for diplomacy” and “diplomacy for science” – can be successfully combined within the framework of one project. Evidence is provided of the pursuit of national interests being not a limiting factor but rather a driver in the process of promoting diplomatic collaborations in science, serving as a third science diplomacy pillar. Significant progress towards ensuring peace and harmony in the Arctic and sustaining international dialogue on science-based responses to global challenges has been achieved through science diplomacy initiatives proposed by Northern (Arctic) Federal University (NArFU). The authors confirm that most effective tools for establishing good neighbourly relations in the Arctic and promoting international cooperation are offered by scientific discussion.
摘要北极地区通常被视为国际对话与合作的地区。这种看法在很大程度上是由于大学、科学中心、研究团队和个别学者所做的科学外交努力。本文讨论了俄罗斯最北端的联邦大学提出的北极科学外交倡议。特别令人感兴趣的是在俄罗斯联邦北极区建立国家生物监测网络,这一举措得到了政府资助的巨额赠款方案的支持。我们的分析表明,科学外交的两大支柱——“科学换外交”和“外交换科学”——可以成功地结合在一个项目的框架内。有证据表明,在促进科学外交合作的过程中,追求国家利益不是一个限制因素,而是一个驱动因素,是科学外交的第三支柱。通过北方(北极)联邦大学提出的科学外交倡议,在确保北极地区的和平与和谐以及维持关于以科学为基础应对全球挑战的国际对话方面取得了重大进展。作者确认,科学讨论提供了在北极建立睦邻关系和促进国际合作的最有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
James Reid (1795?–1850?) 詹姆斯·里德(1795?-1850?)
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000189
F. Schuster
Abstract Much has been written about the so-called Franklin expedition (1845–52?), but not about the master mariners, who joined as “Greenland pilots,” as experienced whaling masters on Royal Navy expeditions were usually called in the 19th century. Having been on no Royal Navy expeditions before, next to nothing was known about Scottish whaling master James Reid, the ice master of HMS Erebus in Franklin’s expedition. Putting together all the available biographical information about him for the first time, the goal of this article is not only to tell who he was but also to tell how and why he joined the expedition, and as far as this is possible to say – what he experienced in its course.
摘要关于所谓的富兰克林探险队(1845-52?),人们已经写了很多文章,但没有关于水手大师的,他们以“格陵兰飞行员”的身份加入,19世纪皇家海军探险队中经验丰富的捕鲸大师通常被称为“格陵兰岛飞行员”。苏格兰捕鲸大师詹姆斯·里德(James Reid)以前没有参加过皇家海军的探险,他是富兰克林探险队中英国皇家海军埃雷布斯号(HMS Erebus)的破冰大师。这篇文章的目的不仅是讲述他是谁,还讲述他是如何以及为什么加入探险队的,以及尽可能多地讲述他在探险过程中的经历。
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引用次数: 0
Sámi agency in economic development processes in the Norwegian High North 萨米机构在挪威高地经济发展进程中的作用
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000165
Elizabeth Angell, S. Eikeland, P. Selle
Abstract The emergence of the Sámi Parliament has lifted Norwegian Sámi politics into an international discourse on indigenous peoples. The clearest imprints of the new Sámi political space are found in the High North region of Norway, where the Sámi account for a significant proportion of the population. The article shows to what extent and how Sámi agency affects governance structures and business development in the north in an increasingly globalised economic setting. From its origin, Sámi agency has influenced development in the High North through three processes: the first is through the Sámi institution building and strengthening of Sámi communities; the second is through its links to local and regional societal development; and the third is through the role of Sámi politics in globalised development processes. One main finding is that the boundaries between these links to the surrounding environment have become more diffuse. Sámi agency is taking a more important role in the economic development processes in the High North, often in terms of the local and regional processes, and now also within the increasingly important globalised economic modernisation processes in which inclusion in new multi-level governance structures is important.
摘要萨米议会的出现使挪威萨米政治成为关于土著人民的国际讨论。新萨米人政治空间最清晰的印记出现在挪威的高北部地区,那里的萨米人占人口的很大比例。这篇文章展示了在日益全球化的经济环境中,萨米机构在多大程度上以及如何影响北方的治理结构和商业发展。萨米机构从起源开始就通过三个过程影响了高北部的发展:第一个过程是通过萨米机构建设和加强萨米社区;二是通过其与地方和区域社会发展的联系;第三是通过萨米政治在全球化发展进程中的作用。一个主要发现是,这些与周围环境的联系之间的边界变得更加分散。萨米机构在高北部的经济发展进程中发挥着更重要的作用,通常是在地方和区域进程中,现在也在日益重要的全球化经济现代化进程中发挥作用,在这一进程中,融入新的多层次治理结构非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Arctic science diplomacy in new geopolitical conditions: From “soft” power to “hard” dialogue? 新地缘政治条件下的北极科学外交:从“软”实力到“硬”对话?
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000141
Y. Zaika, M. Lagutina
Abstract Recent years have shown that international science dialogue exists at the edge of turbulence and is disturbed by different geopolitical events. The notion of science diplomacy has taken the critical discourse to different levels of actors. Such a discourse exposes the epistemological ambivalence and methodological imbalance of both science and diplomacy in this phenomenon. Current geopolitical conditions have revealed new edges of science diplomacy instruments that spread from “soft” to “hard” practices. Different levels of dialogue and cooperation have shown different examples of resilience and adaptability (or the opposite) to the external turbulence. The phenomenon of regionalisation in science diplomacy is facing criticism from the science community while the current geopolitical situation has dramatically influenced the Arctic science dialogue, as well as governance practices. This commentary discusses particular examples of existing Arctic science diplomacy practices in current geopolitical conditions which are reflected in the Arctic theoretical and practical discourse.
摘要近年来,国际科学对话处于动荡的边缘,受到不同地缘政治事件的干扰。科学外交的概念已经将批判性话语带到了不同层面的行动者。这样的话语暴露了这一现象中科学与外交的认识论矛盾和方法论失衡。当前的地缘政治条件揭示了科学外交工具从“软”到“硬”的新边缘。不同级别的对话与合作展示了对外部动荡的韧性和适应性(或相反)的不同例子。科学外交中的区域化现象正面临科学界的批评,而当前的地缘政治局势极大地影响了北极科学对话和治理实践。这篇评论讨论了当前地缘政治条件下现有北极科学外交实践的具体例子,这些例子反映在北极理论和实践话语中。
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引用次数: 0
The DIMA Network: Bridging boundaries via shared scientific interests DIMA网络:通过共同的科学利益跨越界限
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000116
M. van Hardenbroek, M. Edwards, T. Blyakharchuk, A. Lozhkin, E. Bezrukova, A. Grenaderova, N. Ryabogina, Tatiana Antipina, M. Cherepanova, Patricia Anderson
Abstract The DIMA Network (Developing Innovative Multi-proxy Analyses – in Siberia and the Russian Far East (SRFE)) started from a small nucleus of palaeoenvironmental researchers in the UK and SRFE at a workshop in 2008 and currently includes researchers from over 25 institutions. The mutual interest in creating long-term records of environmental change was rekindled during workshops in Magadan (2018), Tomsk (2018) and Southampton (2019). These events were organised to connect researchers from the UK and SRFE with these aims: (1) provide training in new techniques and methods, (2) facilitate knowledge transfer about local sites and conditions, (3) stimulate large-scale collaborative projects across SRFE and (4) inspire a new generation of palaeoenvironmental researchers.
摘要DIMA网络(在西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东地区开发创新的多代理分析(SRFE))始于2008年的一次研讨会上,由英国和SRFE的一小群古环境研究人员组成,目前包括来自25多个机构的研究人员。在马加丹(2018)、托木斯克(2018)和南安普顿(2019)的研讨会上,双方重新燃起了对创造环境变化长期记录的兴趣。组织这些活动是为了将英国和SRFE的研究人员与以下目标联系起来:(1)提供新技术和方法的培训,(2)促进有关当地地点和条件的知识转移,(3)促进SRFE的大规模合作项目,(4)激励新一代古环境研究人员。
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引用次数: 1
Participatory action research with Inuit societies: A scoping review 因纽特人社会参与性行动研究:范围界定综述
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000128
C. Hervé, Pascale Laneuville, L. Lapointe
Abstract Participatory methods have become essential for research with Indigenous Arctic peoples. To understand how researchers use such methods, we conducted a scoping review of participatory action research (PAR)—a classic qualitative methodology—with Inuit communities. Although other systematic reviews exist on participatory methodologies in the Arctic, our scoping review is the only one focusing only on the Inuit. We reviewed 11 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2019 in peer-reviewed journals. Most of them had been conducted with Canadian Inuit. Although the authors came from a variety of disciplines, the studies were mostly about the health and well-being of Inuit communities. The authors did not use the same definition of PAR, but their definitions did share some key components: Inuit participation, Inuit engagement and a goal of social change. There were also a variety of methodologies of research and forms of Inuit participation, although the photovoice method was frequent. Scoping reviews are most often used in the natural sciences. This one was a challenge because we were using it in the social sciences and because it concerned PAR, an approach with different definitions and uses. A remaining question is how to assess such a method, either by peers or by other stakeholders.
摘要参与式方法对北极土著人民的研究至关重要。为了了解研究人员如何使用这些方法,我们对参与性行动研究(标准杆数)进行了范围界定审查,这是一种针对因纽特人社区的经典定性方法。尽管还有其他关于北极参与性方法的系统审查,但我们的范围审查是唯一一次只关注因纽特人的审查。我们回顾了2000年至2019年间发表在同行评审期刊上的11项实证研究。其中大多数是与加拿大因纽特人一起进行的。尽管作者来自各个学科,但这些研究大多是关于因纽特人社区的健康和福祉。作者没有使用相同的标准杆数定义,但他们的定义共享了一些关键组成部分:因纽特人的参与、因纽特人的参与和社会变革的目标。还有各种各样的研究方法和因纽特人参与的形式,尽管摄影声音的方法很常见。范围界定综述最常用于自然科学。这是一个挑战,因为我们在社会科学中使用它,因为它涉及标准杆数,这是一种具有不同定义和用途的方法。剩下的问题是如何由同行或其他利益相关者评估这种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Antonio de la Roche and the discovery of South Georgia 安东尼奥·德拉罗什与南乔治亚的发现
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S003224742300013X
G. Campbell
Abstract This article seeks to investigate the claim that South Georgia may have been first discovered in April 1675 by an English merchant called Antonio de la Roche. There are two unresolved questions: whether La Roche was the first to see the island, and whether the island that he saw was South Georgia. I introduce a third uncertainly by questioning whether Antonio de la Roche ever existed. He does not appear in the records of the French churches in London, and the sole source of his biography is the work of a fabricator, Francisco de Seyxas.
摘要本文试图调查南乔治亚州可能于1675年4月由一位名叫Antonio de la Roche的英国商人首次发现的说法。有两个悬而未决的问题:拉罗什是否是第一个看到这个岛的人,以及他看到的这个岛是否是南乔治亚岛。我通过质疑安东尼奥·德拉罗什是否曾经存在来引入第三个不确定性。他没有出现在伦敦法国教堂的记录中,他的传记的唯一来源是一位名叫弗朗西斯科·德·塞克萨斯的制作者的作品。
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引用次数: 0
Expedition Relics from High Arctic Greenland eight decades of exploration history told through 102 objects. Peter R. Dawes. With artefact photography by Roberto Fortuna. 2023. Museum Tusculanum Press/Copenhagen: Denmark. 500 p, illustrated, hardcover. ISBN 9788763546867. $102 (US). 来自北极格陵兰岛的探险遗迹,通过102件物品讲述80年的探险历史。彼得·r·道斯。Roberto Fortuna的人工制品摄影,2023年。图斯库兰姆博物馆出版社/哥本哈根:丹麦。500便士,插图,精装。ISBN 9788763546867。102美元(美国)。
IF 0.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0032247423000074
Joanna Kafarowski
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引用次数: 0
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