ABSTRACT Background Examining the spatial patterns of species distributions and their underlying processes is important for characterising population dynamics and can provide novel insights for conservation management. However, little attention has been paid to spatial distribution patterns of endangered species. Aims We quantified the effects of plant interactions and environmental heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of endangered Fagus pashanica in communities, to reveal the processes which may account for its population dynamics. Methods We collected spatial coordinates of each tree in communities at three elevations and evaluated the effects of plant interactions and environmental heterogeneity using point pattern analysis. Results Dispersal limitation rather than habitat filtering shaped the spatial patterns of F. pashanica at all three elevations. Intraspecific competition in F. pashanica was found to be significant at middle- and high elevations; interspecific interactions were not significant at any of the three elevations. Conclusions Intraspecific competition significantly affected the spatial patterns of F. pashanica. Dispersal limitation appear to lead to aggregation, while at small spatial scales intraspecific interactions are likely to decrease aggregation due to potential density-dependent thinning effects.
{"title":"Effects of plant interactions on the populations of the endangered Fagus pashanica","authors":"Yuen-Gen Liang, Xiao-Xi Yang, Xiao-ya Zhang, Jin-Tun Zhang, Da‐Yong Zhang, Wan‐Jin Liao","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2056096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2056096","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Examining the spatial patterns of species distributions and their underlying processes is important for characterising population dynamics and can provide novel insights for conservation management. However, little attention has been paid to spatial distribution patterns of endangered species. Aims We quantified the effects of plant interactions and environmental heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of endangered Fagus pashanica in communities, to reveal the processes which may account for its population dynamics. Methods We collected spatial coordinates of each tree in communities at three elevations and evaluated the effects of plant interactions and environmental heterogeneity using point pattern analysis. Results Dispersal limitation rather than habitat filtering shaped the spatial patterns of F. pashanica at all three elevations. Intraspecific competition in F. pashanica was found to be significant at middle- and high elevations; interspecific interactions were not significant at any of the three elevations. Conclusions Intraspecific competition significantly affected the spatial patterns of F. pashanica. Dispersal limitation appear to lead to aggregation, while at small spatial scales intraspecific interactions are likely to decrease aggregation due to potential density-dependent thinning effects.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"15 1","pages":"25 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44701200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2078245
M. P. B. Chaves, B. A. Silva, Heloisa F. Silvério, F. Ramos, V. Duarte, E. M. Castro, F. J. Pereira
ABSTRACT Background Plants develop mechanisms that confer tolerance to sun or shade exposure and the knowledge of their responses may help to devise strategies for the conservation of natural populations and their propagation. Aims We study the effect of shading on the ecophysiology and anatomy of Epiphyllum phyllanthus to determine its plasticity and tolerance. Methods Specimens of E. phyllanthus were subjected to full sun, 35%, 75%, and 85% shading for 60 days. The growth characteristics, phylloclade anatomy and water content in the plants were quantified and compared. Results All individuals subjected to full sun and 35% shading had died. A shading of 85% produced the highest fresh and dry mass of the stems. Higher shading caused no effect in the allocation of biomass to stems or roots or on the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio or water content. The thickness of the phylloclade increased with increased shading. The highest stomatal density on both surfaces was observed in the treatment with 75% shading. Conclusion E. phyllanthus is a sciophytic plant that requires shade to survive. Its main strategy appears to be the greater accumulation of water in its phylloclade under more shaded conditions, which stimulates plant growth.
{"title":"Anatomy and growth of the epiphytic cactus Epiphyllum phyllanthus under different radiation conditions","authors":"M. P. B. Chaves, B. A. Silva, Heloisa F. Silvério, F. Ramos, V. Duarte, E. M. Castro, F. J. Pereira","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2078245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2078245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Plants develop mechanisms that confer tolerance to sun or shade exposure and the knowledge of their responses may help to devise strategies for the conservation of natural populations and their propagation. Aims We study the effect of shading on the ecophysiology and anatomy of Epiphyllum phyllanthus to determine its plasticity and tolerance. Methods Specimens of E. phyllanthus were subjected to full sun, 35%, 75%, and 85% shading for 60 days. The growth characteristics, phylloclade anatomy and water content in the plants were quantified and compared. Results All individuals subjected to full sun and 35% shading had died. A shading of 85% produced the highest fresh and dry mass of the stems. Higher shading caused no effect in the allocation of biomass to stems or roots or on the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio or water content. The thickness of the phylloclade increased with increased shading. The highest stomatal density on both surfaces was observed in the treatment with 75% shading. Conclusion E. phyllanthus is a sciophytic plant that requires shade to survive. Its main strategy appears to be the greater accumulation of water in its phylloclade under more shaded conditions, which stimulates plant growth.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"15 1","pages":"39 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2039315
L. Sanou, Ouattara Brama, K. Jonas, Hien Mipro, Thiombiano Adjima
ABSTRACT Background Riparian vegetation is important for the protection of water resources, to avoid erosion and sedimentation of riverbeds. Monitoring the impacts of disturbance on the dynamics of riparian vegetation can help to develop evidence-based forest management guidelines. Aims We evaluated the woody composition and structure along a disturbance gradient of a riparian forest corridor to quantify the effects of disturbance severity on regeneration (density and spatial distribution). Methods All trees and seedlings and saplings were assessed in 90 plots of 500 m2 each, representing a range of habitats with differing disturbance severity at three sites along a large forest corridor to characterise species composition and to determine heterogeneity among, related to the level of disturbance. Results A total of 41 species belonging to 34 genera and 20 families were encountered. Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae were the dominant families. The diversity indices indicated that the most disturbed site was the most diverse. The structure of the woody stratum showed that most individuals were in the lower diameter and height size classes, indicating a dominance of juveniles. Conclusions Despite the variable levels of disturbance at the studies sites, the high density of seedlings present facilitates the regeneration of woody species. However, for the rarest species it is necessary to apply enrichment plantating to maintain their populations viable.
{"title":"Composition, diversity and structure of woody vegetation along a disturbance gradient in the forest corridor of the Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso","authors":"L. Sanou, Ouattara Brama, K. Jonas, Hien Mipro, Thiombiano Adjima","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2039315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2039315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Riparian vegetation is important for the protection of water resources, to avoid erosion and sedimentation of riverbeds. Monitoring the impacts of disturbance on the dynamics of riparian vegetation can help to develop evidence-based forest management guidelines. Aims We evaluated the woody composition and structure along a disturbance gradient of a riparian forest corridor to quantify the effects of disturbance severity on regeneration (density and spatial distribution). Methods All trees and seedlings and saplings were assessed in 90 plots of 500 m2 each, representing a range of habitats with differing disturbance severity at three sites along a large forest corridor to characterise species composition and to determine heterogeneity among, related to the level of disturbance. Results A total of 41 species belonging to 34 genera and 20 families were encountered. Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae were the dominant families. The diversity indices indicated that the most disturbed site was the most diverse. The structure of the woody stratum showed that most individuals were in the lower diameter and height size classes, indicating a dominance of juveniles. Conclusions Despite the variable levels of disturbance at the studies sites, the high density of seedlings present facilitates the regeneration of woody species. However, for the rarest species it is necessary to apply enrichment plantating to maintain their populations viable.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"305 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43425511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2039314
Alessandro Bricca, F. Tardella, A. Ferrara, Xia Xinfang, Fabio Tolu, A. Catorci
ABSTRACT Background Anthropogenic mountain grasslands undergo major changes in their composition and structure after abandonment of their use as pastures or hay meadows. Distinct plant community-types may develop in habitats that differ in environmental conditions, such as soil water availability; however, few studies have addressed this issue in abandoned anthropogenic grasslands. Aims To quantify the effects of topographic factors and variables related to soil water availability on α and β taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD) to assess the role of landform heterogeneity in shaping vegetation structure. Methods We classified the vegetation of long-abandoned central Apennine pastures and related their species composition and diversity to environmental variables. Results We identified four community-types whose distribution was related to topographically determined soil water availability. The species composition of drought-tolerant communities on south-eastern slopes with shallow soils was largely similar to that of anthropogenic grasslands. Resource-poor conditions were related to enhanced α-TD and β-TD and reduced α-FD for traits related to temporal niche differentiation and resource acquisition strategies. Conclusion In long-abandoned sub-Mediterranean grasslands, landform heterogeneity guarantees a certain level of TD and FD at the landscape scale, contrasting the assumed role of abandonment of grazing on homogenisation of vegetation features.
{"title":"Environmental heterogeneity compensates the potential homogenising effect of abandonment of grazing in a sub-Mediterranean mountain landscape","authors":"Alessandro Bricca, F. Tardella, A. Ferrara, Xia Xinfang, Fabio Tolu, A. Catorci","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2039314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2039314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Anthropogenic mountain grasslands undergo major changes in their composition and structure after abandonment of their use as pastures or hay meadows. Distinct plant community-types may develop in habitats that differ in environmental conditions, such as soil water availability; however, few studies have addressed this issue in abandoned anthropogenic grasslands. Aims To quantify the effects of topographic factors and variables related to soil water availability on α and β taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD) to assess the role of landform heterogeneity in shaping vegetation structure. Methods We classified the vegetation of long-abandoned central Apennine pastures and related their species composition and diversity to environmental variables. Results We identified four community-types whose distribution was related to topographically determined soil water availability. The species composition of drought-tolerant communities on south-eastern slopes with shallow soils was largely similar to that of anthropogenic grasslands. Resource-poor conditions were related to enhanced α-TD and β-TD and reduced α-FD for traits related to temporal niche differentiation and resource acquisition strategies. Conclusion In long-abandoned sub-Mediterranean grasslands, landform heterogeneity guarantees a certain level of TD and FD at the landscape scale, contrasting the assumed role of abandonment of grazing on homogenisation of vegetation features.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"223 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2034065
W. Bond
ABSTRACT Biomes of the world have long been assumed to be determined by climate. Major disparities, where open low biomass systems occurred in the same climate zone as closed forests have been dismissed as products of deforestation. Many of these open ecosystems of the world, have been shown to be of ancient origins, stable alternatives to forests, and typically maintained by disturbance regimes. Open ecosystems include some of the most biodiverse regions in the world. They are often consumer-controlled by large mammal herbivores or fire. Mosaics of closed forest and open ecosystems have been interpreted as alternative stable states with each state maintained by positive feedbacks to environmental conditions that maintain that state. For example, flammable grasses maintain fires which consume woody plants, while closed forests exclude flammable grasses by shading them out. Understanding open ecosystems may therefore require some radical revision of familiar ecological concepts, starting with the hypothesis that climate largely determines world vegetation patterns. Open ecosystems function differently from forests in an earth system context affecting the hydrological cycle, rates of rock weathering, and presenting a different planetary surface to solar radiation reaching the earth’s land surface. Open ecosystems require explicit attention in conservation policy and management.
{"title":"Out of the shadows: ecology of open ecosystems","authors":"W. Bond","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2034065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2034065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biomes of the world have long been assumed to be determined by climate. Major disparities, where open low biomass systems occurred in the same climate zone as closed forests have been dismissed as products of deforestation. Many of these open ecosystems of the world, have been shown to be of ancient origins, stable alternatives to forests, and typically maintained by disturbance regimes. Open ecosystems include some of the most biodiverse regions in the world. They are often consumer-controlled by large mammal herbivores or fire. Mosaics of closed forest and open ecosystems have been interpreted as alternative stable states with each state maintained by positive feedbacks to environmental conditions that maintain that state. For example, flammable grasses maintain fires which consume woody plants, while closed forests exclude flammable grasses by shading them out. Understanding open ecosystems may therefore require some radical revision of familiar ecological concepts, starting with the hypothesis that climate largely determines world vegetation patterns. Open ecosystems function differently from forests in an earth system context affecting the hydrological cycle, rates of rock weathering, and presenting a different planetary surface to solar radiation reaching the earth’s land surface. Open ecosystems require explicit attention in conservation policy and management.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"205 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43089544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2053600
M. D. S. Silva, D. Apgaua, Cássia C. S. Silva, Lazaro B. da Silva, D. Tng
ABSTRACT Background Plant functions all have an anatomical basis, but there are still major knowledge gaps in functional wood anatomy, especially of tropical trees. Aims To examine the relationships between the functional anatomy of woody tissue in poorly studied rainforest trees, focussing on anatomical traits including vessel element lengths, pit aperture dimensions, grouping indices and xylem tissue fractions. We examined how these anatomical traits influence drought vulnerability indices, theoretical conductivity and structural traits such as wood density and stem diameter. Methods We measured wood anatomical traits and higher-level structural traits from 25 Atlantic rainforest species and examined the relationships among these traits using univariate and multivariate methods. Regression models were used to explore how anatomical traits were related to drought vulnerability, theoretical conductivity, and wood structural traits. Results Vulnerability index was positively correlated with parenchyma fraction and both intervessel and vessel-ray pit aperture diameters. Theoretical conductivity was negatively associated with fibre fractions. Wood density was positively associated with fibre fraction and was also related to parenchyma and vessel fractions and vessel element lengths. Conclusions Anatomical traits constitute an important economics spectrum, which could be positioned against leaf economics spectra to further our understanding of plant ecological and hydraulic strategies.
{"title":"Expanding the wood anatomy economics spectrum: the correlates of vessel element lengths and pit apertures sizes in tropical forest trees","authors":"M. D. S. Silva, D. Apgaua, Cássia C. S. Silva, Lazaro B. da Silva, D. Tng","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2053600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2053600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Plant functions all have an anatomical basis, but there are still major knowledge gaps in functional wood anatomy, especially of tropical trees. Aims To examine the relationships between the functional anatomy of woody tissue in poorly studied rainforest trees, focussing on anatomical traits including vessel element lengths, pit aperture dimensions, grouping indices and xylem tissue fractions. We examined how these anatomical traits influence drought vulnerability indices, theoretical conductivity and structural traits such as wood density and stem diameter. Methods We measured wood anatomical traits and higher-level structural traits from 25 Atlantic rainforest species and examined the relationships among these traits using univariate and multivariate methods. Regression models were used to explore how anatomical traits were related to drought vulnerability, theoretical conductivity, and wood structural traits. Results Vulnerability index was positively correlated with parenchyma fraction and both intervessel and vessel-ray pit aperture diameters. Theoretical conductivity was negatively associated with fibre fractions. Wood density was positively associated with fibre fraction and was also related to parenchyma and vessel fractions and vessel element lengths. Conclusions Anatomical traits constitute an important economics spectrum, which could be positioned against leaf economics spectra to further our understanding of plant ecological and hydraulic strategies.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"279 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2035839
Rubem S. de Avila Jr, Mardiore Pinheiro
ABSTRACT Background Flowering time determines potential plant mates, and it is related to gene flow within and among plant populations arising from different selective forces and interspecific interactions between plants with similar pollination niches. However, these effects on the flowering phenology of plants with generalist pollination systems have received little attention and hence our knowledge of the contribution of generalised pollination systems on the evolution of adaptative traits, such as the flowering time containing lacunae. Aims To verify the effective contribution of interspecific plant interactions in a generalised pollination system to the structuring of flowering phenology. Methods We recorded the reproductive phenophases of four Baccharis species in a subtropical grassland. We evaluated their flowering patterns by a niche overlap index and compared it with a null model. We used ecological network metrics from insect visitors recorded to determine the pollinator network structure. Results A staggered flowering pattern and distinctiveness of insect pollinators with non-signalling modularity and a variation in the Baccharis-pollinators network structure throughout the year were observed. The distinctiveness on pollinators with a strong bee-dependence added to temporal divergence on flowering among the species leads to no negative effects on fruit set. Conclusion The temporal segregation on flowering peaks and low pollinator similarity appear to underlie to coexistence of Baccharis species studied in southern Brazil.
{"title":"Flowering segregation and pollinator distinctiveness contribute to coexistence in an extremely generalist plant group","authors":"Rubem S. de Avila Jr, Mardiore Pinheiro","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2035839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2035839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Flowering time determines potential plant mates, and it is related to gene flow within and among plant populations arising from different selective forces and interspecific interactions between plants with similar pollination niches. However, these effects on the flowering phenology of plants with generalist pollination systems have received little attention and hence our knowledge of the contribution of generalised pollination systems on the evolution of adaptative traits, such as the flowering time containing lacunae. Aims To verify the effective contribution of interspecific plant interactions in a generalised pollination system to the structuring of flowering phenology. Methods We recorded the reproductive phenophases of four Baccharis species in a subtropical grassland. We evaluated their flowering patterns by a niche overlap index and compared it with a null model. We used ecological network metrics from insect visitors recorded to determine the pollinator network structure. Results A staggered flowering pattern and distinctiveness of insect pollinators with non-signalling modularity and a variation in the Baccharis-pollinators network structure throughout the year were observed. The distinctiveness on pollinators with a strong bee-dependence added to temporal divergence on flowering among the species leads to no negative effects on fruit set. Conclusion The temporal segregation on flowering peaks and low pollinator similarity appear to underlie to coexistence of Baccharis species studied in southern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"245 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2037024
Karen C. B. S. Santos, C. S. Souza, R. Arruda, A. C. Araujo
ABSTRACT Background The spatial structure and size of plant populations affect foraging choices of pollinators and, consequently, pollen transfer within and between populations. Aims To understand pollination patterns in relation to population size and pollinator selectivity we quantified patch size and pollen flow in natural populations of Richardia grandiflora, a neotropical perennial herb. Methods We assessed the composition of flower visitors, the number of flowers visited, and the frequency of visits in patches of different sizes. In addition, we measured the inter- and intra-patch-size pollen transfer (pollen from patches of different sizes and from the same patch/same patch size, respectively) using fluorescent dyes as pollen analogues. Results We recorded 22 species of insects, mainly bees, with Apis mellifera standing out as the major visitor in medium and large size patches. Large patches received a greater richness and abundance of flower visitors, had more flowers visited, and greater pollen flow overall (62%), representing 62% of the total intra-patch-size and 64% of inter-patch-size pollen flow. Alternatively, small patches represented 16% of the total intra-patch-size and 5% of the inter-patch-size pollen flow. Native bee species were found almost exclusively in small patches. Conclusion Small patches are important for sustaining rare floral visitors while large patches are more relevant for diverse pollination events.
{"title":"Patch size changes the composition of flower visitors and influences pollen flow","authors":"Karen C. B. S. Santos, C. S. Souza, R. Arruda, A. C. Araujo","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2037024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2037024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background The spatial structure and size of plant populations affect foraging choices of pollinators and, consequently, pollen transfer within and between populations. Aims To understand pollination patterns in relation to population size and pollinator selectivity we quantified patch size and pollen flow in natural populations of Richardia grandiflora, a neotropical perennial herb. Methods We assessed the composition of flower visitors, the number of flowers visited, and the frequency of visits in patches of different sizes. In addition, we measured the inter- and intra-patch-size pollen transfer (pollen from patches of different sizes and from the same patch/same patch size, respectively) using fluorescent dyes as pollen analogues. Results We recorded 22 species of insects, mainly bees, with Apis mellifera standing out as the major visitor in medium and large size patches. Large patches received a greater richness and abundance of flower visitors, had more flowers visited, and greater pollen flow overall (62%), representing 62% of the total intra-patch-size and 64% of inter-patch-size pollen flow. Alternatively, small patches represented 16% of the total intra-patch-size and 5% of the inter-patch-size pollen flow. Native bee species were found almost exclusively in small patches. Conclusion Small patches are important for sustaining rare floral visitors while large patches are more relevant for diverse pollination events.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"255 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2053601
F. Değirmenci, Asiye Çiftçi, Pelin Acar, Z. Kaya
ABSTRACT Background Salix alba is a pioneer species of river ecosystems throughout Turkey. Its genetic diversity and population structure across these ecosystems is currently unknown. Aims We investigated genetic diversity in Turkish S. alba to assess factors likely to shape the genetic structure of the species and to assist with conservation recommendations. Methods Six hundred and forty-six individuals from 10 major river systems in Turkey were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. Between one and five sub-populations were sampled from each river system with 23 sub-populations sampled in total. Results Populations contained moderately high levels of genetic diversity. Five genetic groups were detected by Bayesian clustering, with samples from particular river systems mainly assigned to particular genetic groups. This revealed a geographic structure, also detected by principal coordinate analysis, showing that particular river system populations in different parts of Turkey were genetically similar to each other but different from those in other parts of the country. Conclusion Genetic isolation caused by geographic distance (in part) and natural barriers among river systems appear to have shaped the genetic structure of populations. The results have important implications for the conservation of genetic resources within S. alba and restoration of degraded Turkish populations of the species.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Salix alba across river systems in Turkey and their importance in conservation management","authors":"F. Değirmenci, Asiye Çiftçi, Pelin Acar, Z. Kaya","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2022.2053601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2022.2053601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Salix alba is a pioneer species of river ecosystems throughout Turkey. Its genetic diversity and population structure across these ecosystems is currently unknown. Aims We investigated genetic diversity in Turkish S. alba to assess factors likely to shape the genetic structure of the species and to assist with conservation recommendations. Methods Six hundred and forty-six individuals from 10 major river systems in Turkey were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. Between one and five sub-populations were sampled from each river system with 23 sub-populations sampled in total. Results Populations contained moderately high levels of genetic diversity. Five genetic groups were detected by Bayesian clustering, with samples from particular river systems mainly assigned to particular genetic groups. This revealed a geographic structure, also detected by principal coordinate analysis, showing that particular river system populations in different parts of Turkey were genetically similar to each other but different from those in other parts of the country. Conclusion Genetic isolation caused by geographic distance (in part) and natural barriers among river systems appear to have shaped the genetic structure of populations. The results have important implications for the conservation of genetic resources within S. alba and restoration of degraded Turkish populations of the species.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"293 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2022.2039313
A. V. Rodrigues, F. Pastório, F. Bones, Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, A. Vibrans, A. L. de Gasper
ABSTRACT Background The fast–slow plant economy hypothesis predicts strong co-variation in key resource-use traits due to the trade-off between growth and survival of species. Accordingly, it is expected that trait variation may be reduced to a single dimension along a growth-survival gradient. However, some studies warn against such reductionism and promote investigating how a multi-dimensional trait space can be interpreted in a growth-survival trade-off context. Aim To quantify the dimensionality of the trait variation of trees and tree-like species to test the fast–slow plant economy hypothesis in a subtropical rain forest. Methods We conducted phylogenetic Principal Components Analyses and correlation test on traits describing carbon and water economy in the leaves, stem, and seeds to evaluate the dimensionality of trait space and covariation among traits. Results We found five axes explaining 71% of trait variation. The first and second axes described carbon capture and allocation. Water use economy was related to carbon capture and was also represented on the third axis. Stomata traits were related to the fourth axis and plant potential height to the fourth and fifth axes. Conclusion The high dimensionality we found suggests that ecological strategies to water and carbon use are diverse in (sub)tropical montane forest species. Therefore, contrary to the expectation, these plants could use different ecological strategies to achieve a similar fitness in the growth–survival gradient.
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