Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.03.001
Jack T. Hickey , Cian Lennon , Michael Gillick , Liam Sweeney
Objectives
To describe a novel method for measuring eccentric hip adductor (EHAD) strength during the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) and investigate the test re-test reliability of this measure.
Design
Test re-test reliability study.
Participants
Twenty male athletes aged 24 ± 6 years participated in two data collection sessions 7 ± 2 days apart.
Main outcome measures
During each data collection session, participants performed three maximal effort repetitions of the CAE with their leg supported by an ankle strap hung from a fixed barbell. We attached a commercially available load cell in-series with the ankle strap to measure peak force in Newtons (N) during the eccentric lowering phase of the CAE. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), SEM as a percentage of the mean (SEM%) and minimal detectable change at a 95% confidence interval (MDC95) were calculated for this measure of EHAD strength.
Results
Test re-test reliability was good for EHAD strength measured during the CAE on dominant (ICC = 0.84; SEM% = 3.6%; MDC95 = 33 N) and non-dominant (ICC = 0.87; SEM% = 3.3%; MDC95 = 29 N) legs.
Conclusions
This study provides proof-of-concept that EHAD strength can be measured during the CAE with good test re-test reliability.
{"title":"Measuring eccentric hip adductor strength during the Copenhagen adduction exercise: A proof-of-concept and test re-test reliability study","authors":"Jack T. Hickey , Cian Lennon , Michael Gillick , Liam Sweeney","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe a novel method for measuring eccentric hip adductor (EHAD) strength during the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) and investigate the test re-test reliability of this measure.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Test re-test reliability study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty male athletes aged 24 ± 6 years participated in two data collection sessions 7 ± 2 days apart.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>During each data collection session, participants performed three maximal effort repetitions of the CAE with their leg supported by an ankle strap hung from a fixed barbell. We attached a commercially available load cell in-series with the ankle strap to measure peak force in Newtons (N) during the eccentric lowering phase of the CAE. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), SEM as a percentage of the mean (SEM%) and minimal detectable change at a 95% confidence interval (MDC<sub>95</sub>) were calculated for this measure of EHAD strength.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Test re-test reliability was good for EHAD strength measured during the CAE on dominant (ICC = 0.84; SEM% = 3.6%; MDC<sub>95</sub> = 33 N) and non-dominant (ICC = 0.87; SEM% = 3.3%; MDC<sub>95</sub> = 29 N) legs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides proof-of-concept that EHAD strength can be measured during the CAE with good test re-test reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.007
Lasse Ishøi , Simon Meincke , Anders P. Lund , Anders Stenholm , Matt DeLang , Kasper Thornton , Kristian Thorborg
Introduction
The Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) increases hamstring strength, but muscle soreness and excessive fatigue may hinder adoption. The assisted NHE (A-NHE), with an elastic band around the chest lowering the force in the eccentric lowering phase, may be a less demanding alternative. We investigated the effectiveness of A-NHE versus NHE on hamstring strength, muscle soreness, and perceived exertion.
Methods
We randomized 31 youth elite football players (under-14 and -15) from a single professional football academy to either NHE or A-NHE, who performed the same supervised 8-week program. The A-NHE was performed with an elastic band, progressing from heavy to light assistance. A blinded tester assessed Nordic hamstring strength, while hamstring muscle soreness and perceived exertion were assessed during each session.
Results
Intention-to-treat analysis showed no group by time interaction (p = 0.61) for Nordic hamstring strength. Both groups improved significantly (A-NHE mean difference: 3.7 kg, 95% CI [2.1; 5.3]; NHE mean difference: 3.2 kg, 95% CI [1.2; 5.2]) corresponding to approximately 20%. The NHE group reported significantly higher hamstring muscle soreness (beta = 1.77, p < 0.01) and perceived exertion (beta = 1.54, p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Eight weeks of assisted-versus regular Nordic Hamstring training led to similar strength gains, but with lower hamstring muscle soreness and perceived exertion.
北欧腿筋运动（NHE）增加腿筋力量，但肌肉酸痛和过度疲劳可能会阻碍采用。辅助NHE （a -NHE）是一种要求较低的替代方法，在偏心性降低阶段，在胸部周围系一根松紧带来降低力。我们研究了A-NHE与NHE对腘绳肌力量、肌肉酸痛和感觉用力的有效性。方法我们将31名14岁以下和15岁以下的优秀青少年足球运动员随机分为NHE和a -NHE两组，他们进行了同样为期8周的监督项目。A-NHE是用橡皮筋进行的，从重辅助到轻辅助。一个盲法测试者评估北欧腘绳肌力量，而腘绳肌酸痛和感觉劳累在每次会议期间进行评估。结果意向-治疗分析显示北欧腘绳肌强度无时间交互作用组（p = 0.61）。两组均有显著改善(A-NHE平均差异：3.7 kg, 95% CI [2.1；5.3);NHE平均差值：3.2 kg, 95% CI [1.2；5.2])，约占20%。NHE组的腘绳肌酸痛程度显著高于对照组(β = 1.77, p <；0.01)和感觉劳累(β = 1.54, p <；0.01)。结论：与常规的北欧腘绳肌训练相比，8周的辅助训练导致了相似的力量增加，但下肢腘绳肌酸痛和感觉劳累。
{"title":"Less pain, same gain? A randomized controlled trial comparing assisted- versus non-assisted Nordic Hamstring exercise training in elite youth football players","authors":"Lasse Ishøi , Simon Meincke , Anders P. Lund , Anders Stenholm , Matt DeLang , Kasper Thornton , Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) increases hamstring strength, but muscle soreness and excessive fatigue may hinder adoption. The assisted NHE (A-NHE), with an elastic band around the chest lowering the force in the eccentric lowering phase, may be a less demanding alternative. We investigated the effectiveness of A-NHE versus NHE on hamstring strength, muscle soreness, and perceived exertion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We randomized 31 youth elite football players (under-14 and -15) from a single professional football academy to either NHE or A-NHE, who performed the same supervised 8-week program. The A-NHE was performed with an elastic band, progressing from heavy to light assistance. A blinded tester assessed Nordic hamstring strength, while hamstring muscle soreness and perceived exertion were assessed during each session.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intention-to-treat analysis showed no group by time interaction (p = 0.61) for Nordic hamstring strength. Both groups improved significantly (A-NHE mean difference: 3.7 kg, 95% CI [2.1; 5.3]; NHE mean difference: 3.2 kg, 95% CI [1.2; 5.2]) corresponding to approximately 20%. The NHE group reported significantly higher hamstring muscle soreness (beta = 1.77, p < 0.01) and perceived exertion (beta = 1.54, p < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Eight weeks of assisted-versus regular Nordic Hamstring training led to similar strength gains, but with lower hamstring muscle soreness and perceived exertion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.011
Christopher E. Proppe , Paola M. Rivera , Sean M. Lubiak , David H. Fukuda , Abigail W. Anderson , Hansen A. Mansy , Ethan C. Hill
Objectives
Assess the repeatability of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) following low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LL + BFR) and the magnitude of EIH following LL + BFR, high-load resistance exercise, and a control intervention 1-h after exercise.
Design
Crossover design.
Setting
University laboratory.
Participants
15 females, 15 males.
Main outcome measures
Pain pressure threshold and tolerance of the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii pre-exercise and 0-, 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-min post-exercise.
Results
There was no significant (p = 0.211–0.741) difference in pain pressure threshold or tolerance between LL + BFR1 and LL + BFR2 suggesting that EIH following LL + BFR is repeatable. LL + BFR elicited a significant (p = 0.001–0.043) increase in local pain pressure threshold (1.57 ± 1.21–0.98 ± 1.48 Δkgf) and tolerance (1.98 ± 2.65–0.83 ± 2.15 Δkgf) up to 1-h post-exercise. High-load resistance exercise elicited a significant (p = 0.003–0.034) increase in pain pressure threshold 0-min post-exercise (1.69 ± 1.74 Δkgf) and tolerance 0- and 15-min post-exercise (2.31 ± 2.44 Δkgf; 0.56 ± 1.83 Δkgf, respectively) then returned to pre-exercise levels. LL + BFR elicited a significant (p = 0.025–0.046) increase in systemic pain pressure tolerance (0.77 ± 0.88 Δkgf) of the gastrocnemius as well as pain pressure threshold (0.53 ± 0.54 Δkgf) and tolerance (0.49 ± 1.02 Δkgf) of the biceps brachii, when collapsed across Time.
Conclusions
LL + BFR may be a repeatable, effective pain management intervention that can produce prolonged EIH.
{"title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia following blood flow restricted exercise","authors":"Christopher E. Proppe , Paola M. Rivera , Sean M. Lubiak , David H. Fukuda , Abigail W. Anderson , Hansen A. Mansy , Ethan C. Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Assess the repeatability of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) following low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LL + BFR) and the magnitude of EIH following LL + BFR, high-load resistance exercise, and a control intervention 1-h after exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Crossover design.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>University laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>15 females, 15 males.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Pain pressure threshold and tolerance of the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii pre-exercise and 0-, 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-min post-exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no significant (<em>p</em> = 0.211–0.741) difference in pain pressure threshold or tolerance between LL + BFR1 and LL + BFR2 suggesting that EIH following LL + BFR is repeatable. LL + BFR elicited a significant (<em>p</em> = 0.001–0.043) increase in local pain pressure threshold (1.57 ± 1.21–0.98 ± 1.48 Δkgf) and tolerance (1.98 ± 2.65–0.83 ± 2.15 Δkgf) up to 1-h post-exercise. High-load resistance exercise elicited a significant (<em>p</em> = 0.003–0.034) increase in pain pressure threshold 0-min post-exercise (1.69 ± 1.74 Δkgf) and tolerance 0- and 15-min post-exercise (2.31 ± 2.44 Δkgf; 0.56 ± 1.83 Δkgf, respectively) then returned to pre-exercise levels. LL + BFR elicited a significant (<em>p</em> = 0.025–0.046) increase in systemic pain pressure tolerance (0.77 ± 0.88 Δkgf) of the gastrocnemius as well as pain pressure threshold (0.53 ± 0.54 Δkgf) and tolerance (0.49 ± 1.02 Δkgf) of the biceps brachii, when collapsed across Time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LL + BFR may be a repeatable, effective pain management intervention that can produce prolonged EIH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.006
Alyssa Volz , Justin L. Rush , David M. Bazett-Jones , Amanda M. Murray , Grant E. Norte
Objectives
To evaluate relationships between patient-reported outcomes and lower extremity biomechanics associated with risk for second ACL injury among individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR).
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Research laboratory.
Participants
20 individuals with primary, unilateral ACLR (10 female, age = 20.1 ± 2.0 years, median time from surgery = 29.6 [IQR = 9.1–53.3] months).
Main outcome measures
Participants completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. Three-dimensional biomechanics were evaluated at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and as peak kinematic and kinetics within the first 100 ms of landing from a drop vertical jump.
Results
Higher TSK-11 scores associated with lesser hip flexion angles (r = −.723, P < .001), lesser knee flexion angles (r = .561, P = .010), and greater internal knee abduction moments (ρ = −.606, P = .005) at peak vGRF. These relationships remained significant when correcting for multiple tests and controlling for time from surgery and biological sex.
Conclusions
Kinesiophobia, but not self-reported knee function or health-related quality of life, is associated with aberrant landing biomechanics when the largest magnitudes of vertical force were applied to the knee. Individuals with greater kinesiophobia may adopt a stiffer landing profile with increased medial knee compartment loading, potentially increasing risk for second ACL injury.
目的评估ACL重建（ACLR）患者报告的结果与与二次ACL损伤风险相关的下肢生物力学之间的关系。DesignCross-sectional研究。SettingResearch实验室。参与者20例原发性单侧ACLR患者（10例女性，年龄= 20.1±2.0岁，中位手术时间= 29.6 [IQR = 9.1-53.3]个月）。参与者完成了国际膝关节文献委员会主观膝关节评估、坦帕运动恐惧症量表（TSK-11）和退伍军人RAND 12项健康调查。三维生物力学在垂直地面反作用力峰值（vGRF）和垂直起跳落地前100 ms内的运动学和动力学峰值进行了评估。结果TSK-11评分越高，髋关节屈曲角度越小（r =−）。723, P <；.001)，较小的膝关节屈曲角度（r = .561, P = .010），较大的膝关节内展力矩(ρ = -。606, P = .005)。这些关系在校正多个测试并控制手术时间和生理性别后仍然很重要。结论当膝关节受到最大垂直力时，皮肤恐惧与异常的着陆生物力学有关，而与自我报告的膝关节功能或健康相关的生活质量无关。运动恐惧症患者可能会采用更硬的着陆方式，增加膝关节内侧隔室负荷，这可能会增加第二次前交叉韧带损伤的风险。
{"title":"Kinesiophobia is associated with lower extremity landing biomechanics in individuals with ACL reconstruction","authors":"Alyssa Volz , Justin L. Rush , David M. Bazett-Jones , Amanda M. Murray , Grant E. Norte","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate relationships between patient-reported outcomes and lower extremity biomechanics associated with risk for second ACL injury among individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Research laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>20 individuals with primary, unilateral ACLR (10 female, age = 20.1 ± 2.0 years, median time from surgery = 29.6 [IQR = 9.1–53.3] months).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Participants completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. Three-dimensional biomechanics were evaluated at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and as peak kinematic and kinetics within the first 100 ms of landing from a drop vertical jump.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher TSK-11 scores associated with lesser hip flexion angles (<em>r</em> = −.723, <em>P</em> < .001), lesser knee flexion angles <em>(r</em> = .561, <em>P</em> = .010), and greater internal knee abduction moments (ρ = −.606, <em>P</em> = .005) at peak vGRF. These relationships remained significant when correcting for multiple tests and controlling for time from surgery and biological sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Kinesiophobia, but not self-reported knee function or health-related quality of life, is associated with aberrant landing biomechanics when the largest magnitudes of vertical force were applied to the knee. Individuals with greater kinesiophobia may adopt a stiffer landing profile with increased medial knee compartment loading, potentially increasing risk for second ACL injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidestep cutting (SSC), a common method in soccer, frequently causes anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study examined the effects of a soccer-specific movement task performed after a SSC on the kinematics and kinetics of the SSC.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
The participants performed SSC with a 90° change of direction in the following three conditions: running straight after SSC (Normal condition), kicking the ball after SSC (Kick condition), and jumping and heading after SSC (Heading condition).
Participants
Twenty healthy adult males with experience in soccer participated in this study.
Main outcome measures
Three-dimensional knee angles, moments, and ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics during the SSC were compared across conditions.
Results
The knee valgus angle at foot contact and peak knee valgus moment of the supporting leg during SSC were significantly greater in the Normal condition compared to the Heading condition. Significant differences in GRF characteristics were mainly observed in braking impulse, propulsion impulse, and peak posterior GRF between conditions.
Conclusions
The SSC movement strategy should be a form that supports the efficient accomplishment of the subsequent task. Moreover, the Normal condition resulted in a posture more prone to non-contact ACL injury than the Heading condition.
{"title":"The effects of subsequent soccer-specific tasks on sidestep cutting kinematics and kinetics","authors":"Tatsuya Kono , Wataru Yamazaki , Yoshitsugu Tanino","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sidestep cutting (SSC), a common method in soccer, frequently causes anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study examined the effects of a soccer-specific movement task performed after a SSC on the kinematics and kinetics of the SSC.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The participants performed SSC with a 90° change of direction in the following three conditions: running straight after SSC (Normal condition), kicking the ball after SSC (Kick condition), and jumping and heading after SSC (Heading condition).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty healthy adult males with experience in soccer participated in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Three-dimensional knee angles, moments, and ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics during the SSC were compared across conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The knee valgus angle at foot contact and peak knee valgus moment of the supporting leg during <span>SSC</span> were significantly greater in the Normal condition compared to the Heading condition. Significant differences in GRF characteristics were mainly observed in braking impulse, propulsion impulse, and peak posterior GRF between conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The <span>SSC</span> movement strategy should be a form that supports the efficient accomplishment of the subsequent task. Moreover, the Normal condition resulted in a posture more prone to non-contact ACL injury than the Heading condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.009
Isadora GA Mariano , Laís Emanuelle M Alves , Eduester L Rodrigues , Bruna R Azevedo , Ana Luiza O Castro , Luciana D Mendonça
Purpose
The objectives of this study were to identify if preseason assessment variables predict lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in female soccer players and to compare characteristics between injured and non-injured athletes.
Design
4-month retrospective cohort study.
Setting
An elite women's soccer team from Brazil.
Participants
Twenty-seven female soccer players.
Main outcomes measures
Lower limb length and asymmetry, hamstring flexibility, isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps, single hop, lunge test, mSEBT, Thomas, trunk mobility, hip adductor strength, Bent-knee fall-out for testing hip range of motion, lateral trunk flexor endurance, Hip Sit, and single-leg and countermovement jump were recorded at baseline. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for the occurrence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries.
Results
The logistic regression showed a significant model for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries. Trunk mobility, Hip Sit test, and were associated with injury (p = 0.016; R2 = 0,589). The model correctly classified 84.8% of cases (84.6% sensitivity and 85% specificity). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.83; P < 0.024) demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability.
Conclusion
The model showed that trunk mobility, Hip Sit, and Bent-knee fall-out were predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in female soccer players.
{"title":"Analysis of musculoskeletal injuries in elite female soccer players: Cohort study in one Brazilian team","authors":"Isadora GA Mariano , Laís Emanuelle M Alves , Eduester L Rodrigues , Bruna R Azevedo , Ana Luiza O Castro , Luciana D Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The objectives of this study were to identify if preseason assessment variables predict lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in female soccer players and to compare characteristics between injured and non-injured athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>4-month retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>An elite women's soccer team from Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty-seven female soccer players.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcomes measures</h3><div>Lower limb length and asymmetry, hamstring flexibility, isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps, single hop, lunge test, mSEBT, Thomas, trunk mobility, hip adductor strength, Bent-knee fall-out for testing hip range of motion, lateral trunk flexor endurance, Hip Sit, and single-leg and countermovement jump were recorded at baseline. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for the occurrence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The logistic regression showed a significant model for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries. Trunk mobility, Hip Sit test, and were associated with injury (p = 0.016; R<sup>2</sup> = 0,589). The model correctly classified 84.8% of cases (84.6% sensitivity and 85% specificity). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.83; <em>P</em> < 0.024) demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The model showed that trunk mobility, Hip Sit, and Bent-knee fall-out were predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in female soccer players.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.008
Pedro Zavala , Becky Heinert , Grace Rudek , Drew N. Rutherford , J.W. Matheson , Thomas W. Kernozek
Objective
To analyze if immediate visual and verbal feedback influenced landing mechanics during single and dual-task conditions in recreationally active females with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) compared to healthy controls.
Design
Cross-sectional cohort study.
Setting
Motion Laboratory.
Participants
33 college-aged females with two to five years status post-ACLr and 33 matched health controls.
Materials and methods
30 Drop landings were performed over one single session with immediate post-trial feedback followed by a retention trial on peak vGRF and symmetry.
Main outcome measures
Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) during drop landing from a 50-cm platform and loading rate (LR) normalized to body weight.
Results
For peak vGRF, there was a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. Based on baseline, post-test, and transfer tasks, there was a significant group-by-time interaction between the ACLr and a healthy group. For peak vGRF asymmetry, there was no time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. There was a significant group effect for peak vGRF asymmetry. Total LR did not show a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR compared to the health group.
Conclusions
Results demonstrated a reduction in peak vGRF and asymmetry in vGRF during drop landings with the inclusion of augmented feedback. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR than the control group. Rehabilitation specialists may be able to incorporate targeted feedback as an intervention to help resolve landing asymmetries following ACLr.
{"title":"Effects of augmented feedback on landing mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in collegiate females compared to healthy controls","authors":"Pedro Zavala , Becky Heinert , Grace Rudek , Drew N. Rutherford , J.W. Matheson , Thomas W. Kernozek","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze if immediate visual and verbal feedback influenced landing mechanics during single and dual-task conditions in recreationally active females with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) compared to healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Motion Laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>33 college-aged females with two to five years status post-ACLr and 33 matched health controls.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>30 Drop landings were performed over one single session with immediate post-trial feedback followed by a retention trial on peak vGRF and symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) during drop landing from a 50-cm platform and loading rate (LR) normalized to body weight.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For peak vGRF, there was a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. Based on baseline, post-test, and transfer tasks, there was a significant group-by-time interaction between the ACLr and a healthy group. For peak vGRF asymmetry, there was no time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. There was a significant group effect for peak vGRF asymmetry. Total LR did not show a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR compared to the health group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results demonstrated a reduction in peak vGRF and asymmetry in vGRF during drop landings with the inclusion of augmented feedback. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR than the control group. Rehabilitation specialists may be able to incorporate targeted feedback as an intervention to help resolve landing asymmetries following ACLr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.005
Vincent Fontanier, Marion Vergonjeanne, Pauline Eon, Arnaud Bruchard, David Laplaud
Background
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are the gold standard for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises may provide benefits, but their use in the early stages remains controversial.
Objective
To determine the effect of OKC exercises during the first weeks of rehabilitation after ACL-R.
Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines from inception to April 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS I and RoB-2 tools. The changes in outcomes from pre-to post-intervention were quantified using standardized mean differences.
Results
Overall, the methodological quality was low and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time (PICOT) criteria were heterogeneous. However, OKC was found to have beneficial effects on patient reported outcomes (PROMs), strength, function, and return to play, especially when performed at least four weeks after surgery in rehabilitation programs that began with CKC exercises.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that OKC exercises may provide benefits and no adverse effects in the early stages of rehabilitation after ACL-R, particularly when initiated after CKC exercises. These findings are consistent with current clinical practice guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OKC in rehabilitation programs.
{"title":"Effect of open kinetic chain exercises during the first weeks of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vincent Fontanier, Marion Vergonjeanne, Pauline Eon, Arnaud Bruchard, David Laplaud","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are the gold standard for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises may provide benefits, but their use in the early stages remains controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the effect of OKC exercises during the first weeks of rehabilitation after ACL-R.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines from inception to April 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS I and RoB-2 tools. The changes in outcomes from pre-to post-intervention were quantified using standardized mean differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the methodological quality was low and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time (PICOT) criteria were heterogeneous. However, OKC was found to have beneficial effects on patient reported outcomes (PROMs), strength, function, and return to play, especially when performed at least four weeks after surgery in rehabilitation programs that began with CKC exercises.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evidence suggests that OKC exercises may provide benefits and no adverse effects in the early stages of rehabilitation after ACL-R, particularly when initiated after CKC exercises. These findings are consistent with current clinical practice guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OKC in rehabilitation programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the prevalence, incidence of players reporting shoulder injuries in a non-probability sample of Italian amateur soccer players. We also wanted to explore the characteristics of injuries, predictive factors and differences between men's and women's leagues.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Anonymous online survey.
Participants
Adult athletes playing on a first team of the Italian National Amateur Soccer League.
Main outcome measures
Period prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of players reporting shoulder injuries over a soccer season.
Results
Fifty-one out of 431 respondents reported shoulder injuries. The pooled period prevalence was 12.0% (95%CI [9, 15]), with an incidence of .46 (95%CI [.35, .60]) injured/1000 h of players exposure. Goalkeepers were more likely to be injured than outfield players (OR 5.15, 95%CI [2.27, 11.25]). The injury type stated was mainly contusion (n = 22, 43.1%). Among those reporting injuries, thirty-four (66.6%) respondents stated 0–7 days as time loss from sport activity, with no significant difference due to role (p=.161)
Conclusions
Shoulder injuries have a relatively low impact on the participation of adult amateur players in soccer activities. Technical and medical staff need to monitor players after an injury to the shoulder in order to provide appropriate training, prevention of complications and educational programs.
{"title":"Shoulder injuries in amateur soccer players. An exploratory cross-sectional survey","authors":"Paola Bagnoli , Francesco Ferrarello , Fabio Pini , Duccio Rossi , Matteo Paci","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence, incidence of players reporting shoulder injuries in a non-probability sample of Italian amateur soccer players. We also wanted to explore the characteristics of injuries, predictive factors and differences between men's and women's leagues.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Anonymous online survey.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Adult athletes playing on a first team of the Italian National Amateur Soccer League.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Period prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of players reporting shoulder injuries over a soccer season.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-one out of 431 respondents reported shoulder injuries. The pooled period prevalence was 12.0% (95%CI [9, 15]), with an incidence of .46 (95%CI [.35, .60]) injured/1000 h of players exposure. Goalkeepers were more likely to be injured than outfield players (OR 5.15, 95%CI [2.27, 11.25]). The injury type stated was mainly contusion (<em>n</em> = 22, 43.1%). Among those reporting injuries, thirty-four (66.6%) respondents stated 0–7 days as time loss from sport activity, with no significant difference due to role (<em>p=</em>.161)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shoulder injuries have a relatively low impact on the participation of adult amateur players in soccer activities. Technical and medical staff need to monitor players after an injury to the shoulder in order to provide appropriate training, prevention of complications and educational programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.001
Lauren Butler , Ashley Erdman , Alexa Martinez , Dai Sugimoto , Joseph Janosky , Sophia Ulman
Objective
To determine the reliability of a qualitative assessment of trunk and lower extremity alignment during a single hop for distance in youth athletes.
Design
Repeated measures.
Methods
Twenty-five healthy female youth athletes were recorded performing a single leg hop (SLH). Videos were viewed and scored using a qualitative assessment tool by a physical therapist (PT), Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), and Athletic Trainer (AT), on two separate occasions. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each item and total score were calculated with a 2-way mixed-effect model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The tool demonstrated moderate intra-rater reliability for the total score (PT ICC = 0.74, CSCS ICC = 0.60, AT ICC = 0.71). Individual item intra-rater reliability ranged from poor to good for the PT (−0.06-0.80), poor to moderate for the CSCS (0.35–0.70), and poor to good for the AT (0.43–0.83). Total score inter-rater reliability was moderate in round one and poor in round two (ICC = 0.57 and ICC = 0.49, respectively).
Conclusions
Moderate intra-rater reliability and poor to moderate inter-rater reliability amongst a PT, CSCS, and an AT was demonstrated. Future studies should explore the tool's reliability amongst a more homogenous group of raters to better determine its utility.
{"title":"The reliability of a two-plane qualitative assessment tool for a single leg HOP task amongst multidisciplanary sports medicine practitioners","authors":"Lauren Butler , Ashley Erdman , Alexa Martinez , Dai Sugimoto , Joseph Janosky , Sophia Ulman","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the reliability of a qualitative assessment of trunk and lower extremity alignment during a single hop for distance in youth athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Repeated measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five healthy female youth athletes were recorded performing a single leg hop (SLH). Videos were viewed and scored using a qualitative assessment tool by a physical therapist (PT), Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), and Athletic Trainer (AT), on two separate occasions. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each item and total score were calculated with a 2-way mixed-effect model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The tool demonstrated moderate intra-rater reliability for the total score (PT ICC = 0.74, CSCS ICC = 0.60, AT ICC = 0.71). Individual item intra-rater reliability ranged from poor to good for the PT (−0.06-0.80), poor to moderate for the CSCS (0.35–0.70), and poor to good for the AT (0.43–0.83). Total score inter-rater reliability was moderate in round one and poor in round two (ICC = 0.57 and ICC = 0.49, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Moderate intra-rater reliability and poor to moderate inter-rater reliability amongst a PT, CSCS, and an AT was demonstrated. Future studies should explore the tool's reliability amongst a more homogenous group of raters to better determine its utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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