Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

Objectives

Investigate 1) if collecting and analysing wristwatch inertial measurement unit (IMU) and global positioning system (GPS) data using a commercially-available training platform was feasible in recreational runners and 2) which variables were associated with subsequent injury.

Design

Prospective longitudinal cohort.

Participants

Healthy recreational runners.

Main outcome measures

We set a priori feasibility thresholds for recruitment (maximum six-months), acceptance (minimum 80%), adherence (minimum 70%), and data collection (minimum 80%). Participants completed three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) detailing their psychological health, sleep quality, and intrinsic motivation to run. We extracted baseline anthropometric, biomechanical, metabolic, and training load data from their IMU/GPS wristwatch for analysis. Participants completed a weekly injury status surveillance questionnaire over the next 12-weeks. Feasibility outcomes were analysed descriptively and injured versus non-injured group differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for PROM/IMU/GPS data.

Results

149 participants consented; 86 participants completed (55 men, 31 women); 21 developed an injury (0.46 injuries/1000km). Feasibility outcomes were satisfied (recruitment = 47 days; acceptance = 133/149 [89%]; adherence = 93/133 [70%]; data collection = 86/93 [92%]). Acute load by calculated effort was associated with subsequent injury (mean difference −562.14, 95% CI -1019.42, −21.53).

Conclusion

Collecting and analysing wristwatch IMU/GPS data using a commercially-available training platform was feasible in recreational runners.

Background

Sub-concussive and concussive impacts sustained during contact sports such as rugby may affect neurocognitive performance, vestibular-ocular-motor function, symptom burden and academic ability.

Method

Student-athletes (n = 146) participating in rugby union British Universities or domestic competitions were assessed on the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Test, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, vestibular-oculo-motor screening tool and revised perceived academic impact tool. Individual change from pre-season (July–September 2021) to 2-weeks following last exposure to contact (April–July 2022) was analysed.

Results

Symptom burden significantly worsened (p=0.016) over the season. Significant improvements on verbal memory (p=0.016), visual memory (p=0.008) and motor processing speed (p=0.001) suggest a possible learning effect. Surprisingly, the number of days lost to concussion significantly and positively affected performance on verbal memory (p = 0.018) and reaction time (p = 0.027). Previous concussive events significantly predicted a worsening in symptom burden (p < 0.028), as did in-season concussive events, predicting improved verbal memory (p = 0.033) and symptom burden change (p = 0.047). Baseline performance significantly affected change on several neurocognitive tests, with low-scorers showing more improvement over the season.

Conclusion

Participation in rugby union was not associated with deleterious effects on brain function. Previous concussive events and in-season factors, possibly related to learning effects, may explain improvement in cognitive function across the season.

Mental fatigue is known to influence endurance, skill, and tactical performance in sport. Research investigating the impact of mental fatigue on tasks that combine physical, cognitive, and aesthetic performance such as professional ballet does not exist. Objective: To understand the perceptions and experiences of mental fatigue in professional ballet. Design: Qualitative, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Setting: The Australian Ballet. Participants: Thirty-nine professional ballet dancers (53% of the company) and six dance staff members aged 18 years or above (53% female). Main outcome measures: N/a. Results: The average focus group and interview length was 48 ± 7 min and 41 ± 8 min. Key categories were; (1) Dancers and dance staff perceive that new learning contributes to mental fatigue, (2) Dancers perceive changes to their mood and perception of effort when they are mentally fatigued, and (3) Dancers and dance staff perceive that mental fatigue negatively affects their physical and cognitive performance and, increases their risk of injury. Conclusion: This is the first study where participants associated mental fatigue with injury risk and provides a springboard to measure the impact of mental fatigue on learning, injury, and performance in professional ballet.

Objectives

To describe and compare seasonal prevalence, anatomical location, severity, and onset of injuries between female and male elite ice hockey players.

Design

Cross-sectional survey study.

Setting

Elite ice hockey.

Participants

Swedish elite ice hockey players (170 females & 190 males).

Main outcome measures

Past season injuries reported on a modified version of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center overuse injury questionnaire. Proportions of players who experienced any and substantial problems, as well as respective injury severity scores were presented and compared between sexes.

Results

Highest seasonal prevalence was reported for hip/groin [31.1% (n = 112)], lower back [24.2% (n = 87)], and shoulder injuries [23.6% (n = 85)]. Prevalence of injuries was approximately similar between sexes. Substantial injuries were most prevalent in the hip/groin (13.3% [n = 48]) and knee (18.6% [n = 67]) region. Females reported a higher proportion of substantial hip/groin injuries. Most reported injuries were acute except for hip/groin and lower back injuries (74.4% and 81.8% due to overuse).

Conclusion

Seasonal prevalence of injuries in elite ice hockey players were comparable between sexes. Acute injuries were most common but hip/groin as well as lower back injuries were predominantly due to overuse. The highest reported prevalence was found for hip and groin-, lower back-, and shoulder injuries.

Background

Psychological response is important in return-to-sport decisions for athletes recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare psychological response after ACLR with a concomitant meniscus repair compared to isolated ACLR.

Methods

Thirty-five individuals completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return-to-Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale before ACLR and 2, 4, and 6 months after ACLR. Participants were dichotomized based on presence of concomitant meniscus repair (Yes/No). Separate group X time repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted for both scales.

Results

Participants were 65.7% female, 19.1 ± 4.7 years old with BMI of 24.9 ± 4.4 kg/m². Sixteen individuals had an isolated ACLR with 19 individuals having an ACLR with concomitant meniscus repair. For the TSK, there was a group × time interaction effect(p = 0.028), with improvement in TSK scores for the isolated ACLR group (ACLR:2 months = 24.8 ± 3.7; 4 months = 22.0 ± 5.7; 6 months: 19.9 ± 5.9; Meniscus Repair:2 months = 25.5 ± 4.7; 4 months = 24.1 ± 5.0; 6 months: 23.8 ± 4.7). Six months after ACLR, TSK scores were worse in the meniscus repair group(p = 0.036). For the ACL-RSI, there was no interaction(p = 0.07).

Conclusion

Concomitant meniscus repair with ACLR results in less post-operative improvement in kinesiophobia through 6 months after ACLR compared to isolated ACLR.

Objectives

Determine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of training and match injuries in university student rugby players over a two-season period.

Design

Prospective cohort.

Setting

Varsity Cup (VC) and Young Guns (YG) rugby tournaments (2018 and 2019).

Participants

171 male university student rugby players.

Main outcome measures

For time-loss injuries: injury incidence (injuries per 1000 player-hours), injured player proportion (% of injured players) and the frequency (n, %) of injury characteristics (new or recurrent, anatomical region, body area, severity.

Results

The injury incidence was 2.4 per 1000 player-hours for training injuries and 131.1 per 1000 player-hours for match injuries. The overall injured player proportion was 59.6%. New injuries (83.9%) were more frequent than recurrent injuries. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb involving muscle/tendon (56.7%) and ligament/joint capsule (27.2%). The shoulder (19.6%) and ankle (15.7%) were the most common body areas of injury during matches and training, respectively.

Conclusions

There was a high injured player proportion and match injury incidence among university student rugby players. Most injuries were new. Lower limb injuries were most common in training whereas upper limb injuries were most common in matches. These findings highlight the need to prioritise future injury prevention among university student rugby players.

Objectives

To investigate the immediate effects of local muscle vibration (LMV) on static and dynamic balance control in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Design

Quasi-experimental study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Participants

Twenty-six individuals with CAI and 26 healthy controls.

Main outcome measures

Center of pressure variables (mean total velocity and displacement in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions) during single-leg standing with eyes open and eyes closed and also reach distances in anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) directions of the modified star excursion balance test (MSEBT) were assessed before and after LMV.

Results

Statistical analyses showed a significant decrease in mean total velocity and displacement in AP direction from before to after LMV in eyes open condition for both individuals with CAI (p = 0.025, p = 0.041, respectively) and healthy controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Similar results were observed in eyes closed condition for both individuals with CAI (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and healthy controls (p = 0.040, p = 0.014, respectively). The results also showed increased reach distances in ANT (p < 0.001), PM (p < 0.001), and PL directions (p < 0.001) in all participants after LMV.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that LMV may be a useful tool in rehabilitation of static and dynamic balance deficits in individuals with CAI.

Objective

Determine how positive BPPV findings in adolescents and young adults following concussion impacted the total number of treatments required and time until discharge.

Setting

Outpatient physical therapy clinic.

Participants

167 individuals who were diagnosed with concussion or brain injury.

Design

Retrospective chart review.

Main measures

Total number of treatments and days until discharge were compared for various BPPV diagnoses (anterior canal, posterior canal, horizontal canal, and combination) and for individuals with and without BPPV.

Results

Fifty-one out of 167 cases (30.54%) were diagnosed with BPPV. The total number of treatments provided was statistically different across BPPV diagnoses (P = .004). However, days until discharge were not statistically different between BPPV diagnoses (P = .28). There was no significant difference between time to discharge between those with BPPV (median = 21 days, range = 7–126) and those without (median = 28 days, range = 7–84 days; P = .23, r = 0.09).

Conclusion

To optimize outcomes, including symptom resolution and return to sport and/or work, early identification of BPPV and subsequent intervention should be prioritized for individuals who have concussion symptoms that suggest vestibular dysfunction.

Objectives

To investigate associations between lateral hip muscle size/intramuscular fat infiltration (MFI) and hip strength in active young adults with longstanding hip/groin pain.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

University/Clinical.

Participants

Sub-elite soccer and Australian Football players (n = 180; 37 female) with long standing hip/groin pain.

Main outcome measures

Muscle size (volume) and MFI of gluteus maximus, medius, and minimis, and tensor fascia latae (TFL) were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Isometric hip strength was measured with handheld dynamometry. Associations between muscle size/MFI were assessed using linear regression models, adjusted for body mass index and age, with sex-specific interactions.

Results

Positive associations were identified between lateral hip muscle volume and hip muscle strength, particularly for gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus volume. For all muscles, hip abduction was associated with an increase in strength by up to 0.69 N (R² ranging from 0.29 to 0.39). These relationships were consistent across sexes with no sex interactions observed. No associations were found between MFI and strength measures.

Conclusion

Greater lateral hip muscle volumes are associated with greater hip strength in active young adults with long standing hip/groin pain, irrespective of sex. Gluteus maximus and minimus volume showed the most consistent relationships with hip strength across multiple directions.

Objectives

To measure lumbopelvic movement control in powerlifters with and without low back pain (LBP).

Design

Quantitative Cross-sectional.

Participants

Twelve powerlifters with LBP and 28 powerlifters without LBP.

Setting

Powerlifters were recruited in nine different cities and filmed while performing a movement control test battery.

Main outcome measures

Lumbopelvic movement control test battery consisting of seven tests, with a possible score between 0 and 13. The tests were rated by a physical therapist blinded to the group allocation and comparisons of the frequency of current/incorrect tests between groups were calculated.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the movement control test battery between the powerlifters with LBP (Median = 7.0, (2–11)) and powerlifters without LBP (Median = 6.0, (1–10)) (P = 0.59). There were no statistically significant differences between groups when the individual movement control tests were analyzed separately.

Conclusions

The lack of significant differences between groups indicates that performance in lumbopelvic movement control test might not be associated with LBP in powerlifters. More studies on associations between LBP and movement control and other body functions are needed to guide assessment and treatment of powerlifters with LBP and for investigation of possible risk factors for LBP in powerlifters.