Pediatric Exercise Science最新文献

Purpose: To examine the associations of race/ethnicity with the developmental pattern for physical activity (PA) as children transition from infancy to preschool age, and to examine the influence of race/ethnicity on the associations between parent-reported contextual factors and children's PA.

Method: Participants included 125 mother/child dyads (n = 38 Black, n = 25 Latino, n = 62 White) completing assessments at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age. Child PA was measured with ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers and mothers completed a survey. Adjusted growth curve models examined the associations of race/ethnicity with the developmental patterns for PA and explored whether the association between change in the contextual variables and PA varied by race/ethnicity.

Results: Overall, White (P < .001) and Latino (P < .05) children engaged in significantly more PA compared with Black children. Boys accumulated more PA per hour than their female counterparts (P < .001). Race/ethnicity significantly influenced the associations between the PA patterns and television viewing/screen media use, PA equipment in the home, and mothers' report of stressful life events (P < .05).

Conclusion: This study presents an initial attempt to examine these relationships; more longitudinal research with larger samples are needed. Such knowledge is critical to inform PA interventions to promote PA in children of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds.

Purpose: This study examines the proportion of children and adolescents in Fiji meeting the Asia-Pacific physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) recommendations, and to explore associated factors.

Method: A cross-sectional sample of caregivers (n = 1015) and their children aged 5-17 years completed an online survey based on Ajzen's conceptualization of attitudes within the Theory of Planned Behavior. Data included meeting PA and ST behaviors recommendations, sociodemographic factors, knowledge of recommendations, and attitudes toward meeting PA and ST recommendations. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify factors associated with meeting recommendations.

Results: 53% of children met both PA and ST recommendations, 87% met PA recommendations, and 62% met ST recommendations. Girls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.568; 95% CI, 0.360-0.896) had lower odds of meeting PA recommendations compared with boys. Children with less positive attitudes toward PA were less likely to meet PA recommendations (OR = 0.520; 95% CI, 0.312-0.868) compared with those with the most positive attitude. Children who live in rural (OR = 1.900; 95% CI, 1.233-2.929) and remote/very remote (OR = 1.681; 95% CI, 1.128-2.505) had higher odds of meeting ST recommendations compared to urban children. Children who speak English (OR = 0.567; 95% CI, 0.399-0.806) and Fijian-Hindi speakers (OR = 0.644; 95% CI, 0.469-0.883) had lower odds of meeting ST recommendations versus iTaukei/Fijian speakers.

Conclusion: There is a need for targeted interventions promoting PA among girls and addressing ST across demographic groups.

Purpose: This study compared the effects of Neuro-Developmental Treatment-based trunk training, video game-based trunk training (VG-TT), and VG-TT with an orthotic garment in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Methods: Forty-two children with unilateral cerebral palsy received usual physiotherapy (2 d/wk) for 8 weeks (control period). They were then randomized to 8 weeks of Neuro-Developmental Treatment-based trunk training, VG-TT, or VG-TT with an orthotic garment (2 d/wk) alongside usual physiotherapy (intervention period). Primary outcomes were the Trunk Control Measurement Scale and Becure Balance Assessment System. Secondary outcomes included the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire.

Results: No significant improvements in trunk control were observed during the control period (P > .05), and all groups showed significant gains during the intervention period (P < .05). Functional and sitting balance improved in all groups throughout both periods (P < .05). However, no significant differences were found between intervention groups in trunk control, sitting balance, balance, or walking function (P > .05).

Discussion: Trunk-specific training enhances trunk control and functional balance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. As no approach proved superior, interventions can be tailored based on individual needs and clinical context.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week functional movement training on batting kinematics and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score in young baseball athletes with a composite FMS score of ≤14.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 26 male junior high school baseball players (chronological age 13.52 y [0.66]; predicted age at peak height velocity 13.68 y [0.42]), randomly assigned to an experimental (performing functional movement training), or, a control group (performing routine training). Batting kinematics were assessed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system, and FMS score was evaluated using the FMS test. Both outcomes were measured before and after training.

Results: The experimental group significantly improved batting time and velocity and FMS score after training when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in the other kinematic parameters between the experimental and control groups.

Conclusion: Eight-week functional movement training demonstrated positive effects on batting performance and movement quality in adolescent baseball players with poor movement quality and core control. Further research is warranted to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms underlying these improvements.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of interventions with physical exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation of overweight and/or obese children and adolescents.

Method: The present systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed using the standardized mean difference. The quality of evidence was rated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.

Results: From 1866 records identified, 15 randomized clinical trials were included in the systematic review; however, only 4 randomized clinical trials were pooled in the meta-analysis (69 participants in the experimental group and 71 in the control group). The meta-analysis showed a positive effect on the experimental group for the high-frequency power (%; standardized mean difference = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.46-2.98; P < .01), and low-frequency power (%) was reduced after the intervention (standardized mean difference = -1.66; 95% CI, -2.19 to -1.12; P < .01).

Conclusion: This study showed that interventions had a positive effect on frequency domain variables of cardiac autonomic modulation in overweight and/or obese children and adolescents. However, more studies with lower heterogeneity and higher quality evidence are needed.

Purpose: To examine the effects of 2 repeated-sprint ability (RSA) training protocols using short sprints (15 m, RSA-15) and long sprints (30 m, RSA-30) on sprinting, maneuverability, intermittent endurance, and RSA in young soccer players.

Method: Thirty-one male U-18 players were randomly assigned to the RSA-15 (n = 15) and RSA-30 (n = 16) groups. The intervention programs were conducted twice a week over 6 weeks.

Results: Significant improvements in 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints, as well as the Yo-Yo test, from pretest to posttest in the RSA-15 group (8.17%, 5.92%, 5.02%, and 16.59%) and the RSA-30 group (9.21%, 7.44%, 5.64%, and 18.79%) were observed. Players in the RSA-30 group demonstrated a significant enhancement in maneuverability from pretest to posttest (4.42%). Both the RSA-15 and RSA-30 protocols resulted in enhancements in RSA, particularly in terms of total time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), average time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), and fastest time (2.97% and 2.32%, respectively). However, only the RSA-15 protocol significantly enhanced the RSA percentage of decrement (24.06%).

Conclusion: The present results provide further evidence that, if the primary focus is to maximize RSA performance, RSA-15 should be preferred. When the goal is to enhance maneuverability, implementing RSA-30 is recommended over using RSA-15.

The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ and 11+ Kids injury prevention programs have shown success in reducing overall injury risk in soccer players, yet their specific impact on head and neck injuries remains inadequately explored.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of FIFA 11+ and 11+ Kids injury prevention programs in reducing the incidence of head and neck injuries among soccer players.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 2 investigators independently conducted searches in databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and PEDro) using keywords like "FIFA 11+," "football," "soccer," and "injury prevention." Only randomized controlled trials assessing FIFA 11+ programs in soccer players were included. Data analysis used the random effects model with RevMan Meta-Analysis software (version 5).

Results: Among 397 studies, 4 met inclusion criteria. Pooled results from 7109 players and 532,341 exposure hours indicated a significant 40% reduction in head and neck injuries per 1000 hours of exposure in the intervention group compared to the control group (injury risk ratio 0.60, 95% CI, 0.41-0.88).

Conclusion: Implementing FIFA 11+ injury prevention programs significantly reduces the risk of head and neck injuries in soccer players, offering a compelling alternative to traditional warm-ups. This study contributes valuable evidence for optimizing injury prevention strategies in soccer training regimens.

Purpose: We assessed feasibility and satisfaction of the Active Children Through In-Home Web-Based Physical Activity pilot trial, delivering a web-based movement integration intervention to children.

Method: Eighty-two children (8-11 y), insufficiently active, were randomly assigned to either exercise intervention (n = 41) or wait-list control (n = 41). The intervention involved 20-minute exercise videos, 5 times weekly for 12 weeks, using the UNICEF Kid Power website at home. Feasibility metrics included recruitment (target: 70%), retention (target: 80%), adherence rates, and satisfaction assessed through surveys and interviews. Retention rate-1 was percentage completing posttest surveys, and retention rate-2 was percentage completing posttest accelerometry. Parent logs assessed adherence.

Results: Recruitment, retention-1, and retention-2 rates were 73.6%, 93.9%, and 80.5%, respectively. The intervention group had 5 dropouts; wait-list control had none. Sixty-nine percent showed high intervention adherence. Parents consistently expressed satisfaction, finding the intervention enjoyable and beneficial. Although children initially provided positive reviews, their interest declined over time, with increasing expressions of monotony. Suggestions to increase novelty and incorporate a social component were made by participants. The intervention was also found to be particularly useful during inclement weather.

Conclusion: Active Children Through In-Home Web-Based Physical Activity trial exceeded feasibility targets of recruitment and retention and achieved moderate overall adherence. Future trials should emphasize novelty and peer participation for improved adherence and satisfaction.

Purpose: Today's children are increasingly inactive, with >50% not meeting the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity (PA). Recent reports suggest scores in reading and mathematics have also declined. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that can be used to simulate real-world scenarios, like classroom learning. This study investigated whether a single dose of walking benefits learning in a VR classroom (measured via quiz performance).

Method: Forty-seven children (15 females, 9.64 [0.12] y) completed 2, randomized and counterbalanced 20-minute interventions on separate days: acute PA (walking) and seated rest (control), followed by a stationary educational lesson in a distracting VR classroom. Children then completed a quiz on the lesson.

Results: Children had higher quiz performance following PA (z-score = 0.16 [0.13]) compared with following rest (z-score = -0.18 (0.14); F1,45 = 6.17, P = .017), indicating that PA enhanced learning. Children with average intelligence quotient had quiz performance that was higher after PA (z-score = 0.04 [0.20]) compared with after rest (z-score = -0.60 [0.19]), t(22) = 3.34, P = .003. Higher intelligence quotient children did not demonstrate differences in quiz performance after PA compared with after rest.

Conclusions: Learning in a VR classroom may be improved following acute PA, particularly for children with average intelligence quotient. These findings support public health guidelines promoting PA across the day.