Pediatric Exercise Science最新文献

Monitoring weekly training load (WTL) is essential in youth soccer; however, the influence of contextual factors on WTL during the microcycle remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to (1) analyze the effect of match-related contextual factors, such as match location, and opponent standard on WTL in elite youth soccer players across a competitive season, and (2) compare session and WTLs according to the number of training sessions per microcycle.

Methods: Training and match data were collected from 46 male soccer players of a Spanish First Division academy. External load variables were obtained using Global Positioning System, including total distance covered, high-speed distance (>18 km·h-1), sprint distance (>21 km·h-1), the number of high metabolic load efforts (>20 W·Kg-1), and player load. Training weeks were categorized based on contextual factors, such as match location, opponent level, and the number of training sessions in the microcycle (3, 4, or 5 sessions per week, W3s, W4s, W5s, respectively).

Results: WTL significantly increased (P < .05) in sprint distance weeks before playing away compared with playing at home. In reference to the length of the microcycle, W3s showed a significant decrease (P < .01) in WTL than W4s and W5s in all metrics. Additionally, W5s had significantly greater WTL for total distance covered, player load, and power score than W4s (P < .01).

Conclusions: Match location was the only contextual factor affecting WTL, highlighting the importance of considering its impact when planning training load, as it may influence recovery, fatigue, and overall training strategies.

This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week home-based physical activity program on functional mobility, cancer-related fatigue, and muscle strength in children and adolescents with cancer undergoing active treatment. The uncontrolled clinical trial included 25 participants (14 boys), aged 4-14 years, who utilized physical activity notebooks (Physical Activity Journals 1 for ages 4-11/Physical Activity Journal 2 for ages 12-14). Functional mobility, assessed using the Timed Up and Go test, demonstrated a significant reduction in time (P < .001) in the per-protocol analysis, whereas the intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences (P > .1). Cancer-related fatigue, measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, revealed significant reductions in total fatigue scores for both per-protocol (P = .038) and intention-to-treat (P = .039) analyses. Although no statistical differences were observed in the sleep, mental, or general fatigue domains, a clinically meaningful reduction in fatigue symptoms was identified. Muscle strength, evaluated with a portable dynamometer, displayed statistically significant improvements in specific muscle groups in both per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. In conclusion, the home-based intervention using activity notebooks effectively improved functional mobility, reduced fatigue in certain domains, and enhanced muscle strength, yielding important clinical benefits for this population.

Musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) predicts youth health, but prior research has focused on separate MSF domains, limiting understanding of whole-body MSF.

Purpose: To use latent profile analysis to identify MSF profiles and evaluate whether weight status and moderate to vigorous physical activity predict profile.

Methods: Data came from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey for participants ages 12-15 years (N = 442). Latent MSF profiles were generated using modified pull-up, leg extension, grip strength, and plank assessments. Multinomial logistic regression models controlled for age and sex.

Results: Fit statistics were optimal for a 3-profile model: Profile 1: high leg extension and grip strength, Profile 2: high pull up and plank, and Profile 3: low overall MSF. Participants in Profile 1 were 6.25 (95% CI, 1.82-21.52) times as likely to be overweight than Profile 2, and 6.21 (95% CI, 1.61-23.94) times as likely to have obesity than Profile 3. Participants in Profile 2 were 5.85 (95% CI, 1.99-17.18) and 5.34 (95% CI, 2.14-13.36) times as likely to be active than Profile 1 and Profile 3, respectively.

Conclusions: Profile 1 shows higher levels of overweight/obesity in children than Profile 3, suggesting that a healthy body mass index does not necessarily equate to greater MSF. Findings suggest MSF assessments are not consistently linked to weight status or moderate to vigorous physical activity, and future research should use multiple assessments to account for fitness differences.

Youth with heart disease experience comorbidities that impact physical activity (PA), mental health (MH), and quality of life (QoL).

Purpose: To explore the relationship between PA and MH and QoL in adolescents with cardiac arrhythmia disorders, cardiomyopathies, or single ventricle heart disease.

Methods: Participants completed surveys/questionnaires regarding PA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents), anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-Anxiety), depressive symptoms (PROMIS-Depressive Symptoms), global QoL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]-generic), and cardiac disease-specific QoL (PedsQL-cardiac). Pearson correlations and regression analysis examined relationships between PA and MH/QoL.

Results: The study included 63 participants (males = 32, 50.7%), with an age of 15.46 (1.82) years. The sample was mostly inactive (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents score: 1.95 [0.65]). Outcomes used T-scores for PROMIS-Anxiety (49.7 [12.2]) and PROMIS-Depressive Symptoms (46.9 [12.7]), and summary scores for PedsQL-generic (75.2 [18.9]) and PedsQL-cardiac (74.7 [17.5]). There was a negative correlation between PA and MH (PROMIS-Anxiety: r = -.338, PROMIS-Depressive Symptoms: r = -.337; P < .05) and positive correlation between PA and QoL (PedsQL-generic: r = .37, PedsQL-cardiac: r = .39; P < .001). Adjusting for key variables using regression analysis, greater participation in PA was independently related to decreased anxiety and depression and greater QoL.

Conclusions: Greater PA engagement was associated with more favorable MH and QoL in adolescents with cardiac arrhythmia disorders, cardiomyopathy, or single ventricle heart disease.

Purpose: To explore the multivariate pattern associations between physical fitness and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional study including 6405 participants (6-18 y; 3567 females). Waist circumference, sum of 3 skinfolds, and physical fitness measures (abdominal endurance, agility, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, speed, and lower/upper limb power) were assessed. A continuous risk score (cMetS) was calculated as the mean of the z-scores for glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides. Three models were tested using multivariate patterns analysis, of which the following explanatory variables were included: (1) both physical fitness and adiposity measures, (2) only physical fitness, and (3) physical fitness adjusted for adiposity measures. In the latter model, cMetS was also adjusted for adiposity.

Results: Inverse associations with cMetS were found for abdominal endurance, agility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limb power, and speed among males; and agility and cardiorespiratory fitness among females; without adjustment for adiposity. When cMetS and physical fitness were adjusted for adiposity, agility (only among males) and cardiorespiratory fitness remained associated with cMetS.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the consistent adiposity-independent role of cardiorespiratory fitness as the primary fitness marker associated with cardiometabolic health during childhood and adolescence, alongside evidence linking agility to risk.

This study examined the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores, a tool to assess anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk, in youth soccer players. Following institutional ethics approval and informed consent, 105 children (54 boys and 51 girls), 13-16 years of age (14.2 [1.1] y), took part. ACL injury risk was determined using the LESS and the FMS used to assess functional movement performance. Pearson product-moment relationships were significant between FMS and LESS for the whole sample and boys and girls separately (all P < .001). Backward linear multiple regression (P = .001, adjusted R2 = .584) explained 58% of the variance in LESS scores, with only FMS (P = .001) significantly contributing to the model. Chi-square analysis for the whole sample and for boys and girls separately (all P = .0001) indicated that children who were classed as "poor" for the FMS were significantly more likely to be classified as poor for the LESS, and children classed as good for the FMS were significantly more likely to be classed as excellent for the LESS. This study provides evidence to support that functional movement skills may be important in reducing high-risk movement patterns associated with ACL injury in youth soccer.

Purpose: With a rising incidence of childhood-onset Crohn's disease (CD), linked to genetics, environmental, and lifestyle factors, there is a need to further understand the physical (in)activity behaviors of young people with the condition. We explored the barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise in children and young people with CD from the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and specialist clinicians.

Methods: Five children, 7 caregivers, and 6 specialist clinicians completed semistructured interviews in this UK-based qualitative study. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, and emergent themes were inductively derived.

Results: Three overarching themes were constructed: (1) navigating barriers to a physically active lifestyle with CD, (2) building knowledge and support for a physically active lifestyle with CD, and (3) creating an enabling environment for a physically active lifestyle through family and social support networks.

Conclusion: Young people living with CD, their caregivers, and clinicians clearly value the importance of physical activity and exercise but face several disease-specific barriers that can hinder long-term participation. Targeted educational and practical support is needed to address these challenges. Involving those with lived experience is essential in designing effective resources and home-based support programs that meet their needs.

Purpose: To assess biases in physical activity beliefs/behaviors between research volunteers and those assessed through clinical care.

Method: Physical activity behavior (pedometer steps) and adequacy/predilection (Children's Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity scale) were compared among 198 pediatric cardiology patients (5-17 y) with moderate/severe congenital heart disease. Volunteers (n = 142, 59% male, 11.0 (3.4) y) participated in a multicenter activity trial. The clinical subgroup (n = 56, 58% male, 11.1 (4.0) y) completed assessments during a routine clinical encounter. Independent t tests compared outcomes within child/adolescent age groups.

Results: Child volunteers tended to report higher activity adequacy (mean difference = 1.9 (1.0), P = .06) than clinic patients, suggesting increased confidence for activity participation. Daily steps did not differ between groups (P > .10). The extra 1600 steps per day among volunteers enabled child volunteers to achieve the recommended 12,000 steps per day. Cardiologist reported activity restrictions were associated with more steps per day (P < .01).

Conclusion: Research volunteers may be more likely to achieve daily physical activity recommendations. Child volunteers tend to be more confident in their ability to participate successfully. Cardiologist reported activity restrictions may provide confidence regarding appropriate types of activity, leading children and adolescents to take more steps each day. Physical activity research participants and those with cardiologist reported activity restrictions may not reflect those most in need of additional support.

Purpose: Given the growing interest in Bio-Banding (BB) game formats, this review aimed to investigate its effects on physiological, physical, technical, and tactical parameters in youth soccer players.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across 5 databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Studies with experimental or observational designs assessing the effects of BB formats on these parameters were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the version 2 of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools for quantitative studies and the Critical Appraisal Tool by the Johanna Briggs Institute for qualitative studies.

Results: Ten studies (n = 591 players) were included, with 8 employing quantitative methods and 2 utilizing qualitative approaches. The results revealed variability in study designs, limiting cross-study comparability. Physical demands and physiological responses differed across maturational groups and game formats, while technical and tactical behaviors adapted to BB formats particularly for early and late-maturing players. Despite observed differences between BB and comparator games, conclusive evidence on BB's effectiveness is lacking due to methodological limitations and bias risk.

Conclusion: BB presents a promising approach to support player development and mitigate maturity-related selection bias. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of BB-implementations in youth soccer.

Purpose: Research on menstrual health in adolescent athletes particularly for specific sports is limited. This study aimed to identify menstrual characteristics and symptoms in adolescent volleyball athletes compared with nonathletes.

Methods: The study included 154 adolescents (aged 10-19 y) who had experienced menarche for at least 1 year. Participants were split into 2 groups: 77 volleyball athletes (average age: 15.09 [1.33] y) and 77 nonathletes (average age: 14.79 [1.27] y). Data were collected using an online survey. Age at menarche, regularity, use of menstruation delay pills, cycle characteristics (length and duration), and characteristics of dysmenorrhea (onset, frequency, medication use, and school/training absenteeism) were assessed. The menstrual symptoms were evaluated using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire, which includes 3 subscales: menstrual pain, coping methods, and somatic complaints.

Results: Volleyball athletes demonstrated significantly higher use of medication for dysmenorrhea (P = .006) but lower Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire menstrual pain score (P = .029) compared with nonathletes. No differences were found in age at menarche (P = .878), cycle length (P = .149), use of menstruation delay pill (P = .221), amount of bleeding (P = .869), or absenteeism rates due to dysmenorrhea (P = .210).

Conclusion: Adolescent volleyball players reported lower menstrual pain compared with nonathletes in this study. Discussing menstruation-related pain with adolescents is important to support better symptom management.