Nursing & Health Sciences最新文献

Experiencing side effects when wearing N95/P2 masks has negative impacts on health workers and increases exposure to pathogens. While side effects of wearing P2/N95 masks have been reported previously, these masks have never been used as widely as during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines Australian hospital nurses' experiences and perceptions of P2/N95 mask usage and its impacts on patient care at a time when P2/N95 masks were widely used. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive design involving semistructured interviews and focus groups was conducted with 12 nurses employed at a public health service in Melbourne, Australia. The data were thematically analyzed. Participants shared experiences resulted in four themes derived from the data: "adverse health impacts," "occupational challenges caused by scarcity of P2/N95 masks," "impact of wearing P2/N95 masks on patient care and work practices," and "adaptive strategies to improve patient care." Nurses experienced notable adverse effects from P2/N95 masks, affecting patient care quality. This study's findings underscore the importance of enhancing training, education, and policies regarding mask usage to uphold high standards of patient care and reduce exposure to pathogens.

The study aimed to investigate nutrition-related health behaviors among nursing and medical students compared to healthcare workers (HCWs), including nurses and physicians. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and November 2022, using the I-MEDAS and lifestyle-related behavior questionnaires. The participants included nursing and medical students, nurses, and physicians, with a total of 384 participants: 16.9% physicians, 23.17% nurses, and 59.9% students, 93% of whom were nursing students. The average I-MEDAS score (out of 17) was 7 for physicians, 8 for nurses, and 8 for students, with no significant differences in lifestyle behavior scores between the groups (p = 0.11), although nurses tended to score lower. Nurses also had a significantly higher BMI compared to physicians and students (p < 0.001). Physicians and nurses reported lower engagement in leisure activities and household chores, fewer sleep hours, and poorer sleep quality. The findings highlight a decline in healthy lifestyle behaviors and poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet among HCWs and students, particularly nurses, emphasizing the need for interventions to promote healthier habits in these groups.

Understanding the relationships between comorbidity, disability, and home health-care services aids in user-centered care design. This study identifies patterns of these factors among older adults with physical disability living at home and explores their associations. This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling older adults assessed for Long-term Care Insurance from September 1 to December 31, 2018, in Yiwu, Zhejiang, China. We analyzed deidentified data on sociodemographics, physical disability, chronic conditions, and care plans for 1882 participants using latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Five comorbidity patterns (other sporadic diseases, cancer comorbidity, other sporadic comorbidities, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and fracture) and four home health-care service patterns (assistance & facilitation of elimination, bedridden assistance & stoma care, bedside assistance & stoma care, and assistance & tube feeding) were identified. Four disability patterns emerged (bedridden without incontinence, bedridden & with upper limb mobility, off-bed & ADLs limited, and bedridden with incontinence). Complex associations between these patterns were observed. The study highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of the above patterns, emphasizing the importance of person-centered home health-care services and technology-supported care strategies.

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological issues experienced by students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness has been suggested as a potential solution to these issues; however, limited studies have evaluated its effectiveness. This study aimed to synthesize experimental studies that measure the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing student anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive systematic search across 11 databases was conducted from inception to September 9, 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A random-effects model with a standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to determine the effect sizes. Thirty-one experimental studies reported on anxiety, and 24 reported on depression. The overall effect size was moderately significant for reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.02 to -0.39, p < 0.0001) and depression (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.25, p = 0.0002). These findings can inform policies regarding the application of mindfulness for students facing psychological challenges due to educational-related crises. Further high-quality studies are essential to determine the true impact of mindfulness.

Patient participation plays a vital role in evidence-based practice (EBP), yet its development in clinical nursing is slow. Current research has focused on identifying barriers to patient participation in everyday care, with less research on barriers to patient participation in EBP. Therefore, a questionnaire containing basic information and open-ended questions was used to explore nursing staff attitudes and barriers to patient participation in EBP. Responses to the open-ended question were analyzed with content analysis. Four roles of patient participation, positive and negative attitudes toward patient participation, and 134 barriers to patient participation in EBP were extracted from 121 nursing staff responses through content analysis. Five categories of barriers were extracted from the 134 barriers to patient participation, including patient, cost-effectiveness of EBP, healthcare staff, organization, and resource. This study found that patients' acceptance and trust in EBP also influenced their participation in the practices. Moreover, nursing staff have little knowledge of engaging patients in EBP. More educational strategies and organizational support should be provided to patients and nurses to promote patient participation.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that gradually limits physical function and decreases quality of life (QOL). We evaluated an mHealth-based self-management program to help patients with RA improve their physical and psychological health, self-efficacy, physical activity, and QOL. The sample included 73 experimental and 69 control participants. A pilot randomized controlled design was employed to identify the effectiveness of an 8-week mHealth-based self-management program, which comprised educational modules regarding disease management and exercise, cognitive training, and motivational support through mobile messages and periodic phone calls. Knowledge of the health effects of RA, disease activity, perceived health, depression, self-efficacy for controlling symptoms, physical activity, and QOL were evaluated pre- and postintervention and after the 4-week follow-up period. This pilot study indicates that the mHealth-based program for people with RA is feasible. The mHealth self-management program improved patients' knowledge of RA, depression, self-efficacy for controlling symptoms, physical activity, and perceived health; however, disease activity and QOL did not significantly change. This pilot study demonstrates the potential of mHealth intervention as an effective program for strengthening self-management capacities in patients with RA. Trial Registration: KCT0007523.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the impact of multimorbidity on self-reported sarcopenia and compare the differences in the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults with and without multimorbidity. We enrolled 876 community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases, and sarcopenia was evaluated using the Strength, Assistance in walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falling Questionnaire. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Our study revealed that the prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher (43.5%) in older adults with multimorbidity than in those without multimorbidity (20.8%). This finding underscores the significant impact of multimorbidity on sarcopenia. We also found that poor perceived health status was the strongest predictor of sarcopenia in older adults with multimorbidity, while oldest-old age (≥ 85 years) was the strongest predictor of sarcopenia in those without multimorbidity. Large prospective cohort studies using objective sarcopenia screening tools are needed to demonstrate the synergistic effects of multimorbidity and sarcopenia on health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults.

Countries with lower climate-patterned temperatures (Tcp), typically colder, have not been consistently correlated with higher dementia risk in population studies. This study explores Tcp's influence on global and regional dementia rates. Country-specific Tcp data was analyzed alongside dementia incidence using bivariate analysis, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression. Factors like life expectancy (Life e(0)), economic affluence, genetic predisposition (Biological State Index), and urbanization were considered. Both Pearson's r and nonparametric tests revealed a significant inverse correlation between Tcp and dementia incidence, holding true even after adjusting for life expectancy, affluence, genetic predisposition, and urbanization. Multiple linear regression identified Tcp as a key predictor of dementia incidence, ranking second after life expectancy. Affluence, genetic predisposition, and urbanization did not significantly predict dementia rates. Tcp's predictive power was consistent across different country groups, with minor correlation variations between developing versus developed countries and LMICs versus high-income nations. Countries with colder climate (lower Tcp) may experience higher dementia rates, a correlation robust across major risk factors. Including Tcp in dementia studies is crucial for understanding its public health implications.

This study explored the general hospital nurses' experiences and perceptions of providing person-centered care using a Giorgi's phenomenological approach. Through purposive sampling, 10 nurses were selected from five general hospitals in Korea. We identified 83 codes, which were integrated into 17 subconstituents and further into four constituents: "A comprehensive approach based on love for humanity," "Providing customized nursing care through an individual approach," "Building the expertise required as a nurse," and "Challenges to actual nursing practice." These findings are valuable for understanding general hospital nurses' in-depth experiences providing person-centered care and their perceptions. Despite numerous challenges, nurses in general hospitals are attempting to deliver person-centered care comprehensively and tailored based on their expertise. Current challenges can be overcome by raising awareness about providing person-centered care in general hospitals and enhancing systems to minimize workloads. The results of this will be a crucial foundation for developing educational programs to increase nurses' understanding of person-centered care and encourage their practice. Furthermore, it will be useful in suggesting future directions for altering the nursing workforce or scope of work.

Illness perceptions play a significant role in coping and self-management behaviors adopted by patients when facing health threats. To understand the illness perceptions of patients with urostomy, we conducted a descriptive qualitative study. An interview guide was formed based on the common-sense model of self-regulation(CSM), and 19 patients with urostomy were recruited through maximum variation purposive sampling for in-depth semi-structured interviews between January 2024 and June 2024. Five themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data through the thematic analysis method: (1) belief and view of the urostomy; (2) disruption of the usual order of life; (3) psychological burden and stress associated with urostomy management; (4) confusion and misconceptions about urostomy care; (5) coping strategies adopted for dealing with urostomy. Our study revealed the cognitive and emotional representations of patients with urostomy and identified that the coping strategies they adopted are oriented to illness perceptions and that illness perceptions also influence the choice of coping strategies. This study provides healthcare professionals with a deeper and broader understanding of the distinctive perceptions of patients with urostomy.