Nursing & Health Sciences最新文献

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often rely on informal caregivers to promote healthy dietary intake and compliance. Dyadic interventions show potential for enhancing patients' healthy diets, yet the effectiveness remains unexplored. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to January 10, 2025. This review included 29 articles (i.e., 25 studies) involving 3039 patients and 2706 caregivers. Dyadic interventions significantly reduced patients' sodium intake, fat intake, body mass index, and improved self-care behavior, quality of life, heart disease knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived support. However, the interventions did not improve patients' blood lipid profiles. Insufficient studies prevented meta-analyses for patients' blood pressure and blood sugar levels, health motivation, communication, mutuality, caregivers' self-care behavior, disease knowledge, quality of life, self-efficacy/caregiver mastery, and caregiver burden. Dyadic interventions showed preliminary evidence for improving CVD patients' diets. High-quality dyadic research is needed to validate current findings, assess the effectiveness on other dietary outcomes, and explore effective intervention characteristics. Trial Registration: PROSPERO number: CRD42023473308 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=473308).

Decannulation is crucial in improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with tracheostomy and neurological injuries. This study aimed to develop and retrospectively assess the NEURODECANN Clinical Score to predict decannulation success. A retrospective cohort of patients with a tracheostomy (n = 117) was analyzed, distinguishing those who achieved decannulation from those who did not. Logistic regression and Random Forest analysis identified key predictors: level of consciousness, diagnosis, blue dye test, amount of secretions, speaking valve use, secretion management, dysphagia, maximum inspiratory pressure, and cough. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. NEURODECANN demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98), with a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 87.3%. Patients scoring ≥ 13 points had a high probability of successful decannulation. The NEURODECANN Clinical Score provides a structured, evidence-based framework to support clinician-driven decannulation decisions, optimizing tracheostomy management in people with neurological conditions. Further validation is needed to confirm its applicability across diverse clinical settings.

This study used latent class analysis to explore the potential characteristics of stroke preparedness and the factors that influence it in middle-aged and older adults. A total of 845 middle-aged and older adults were recruited from 16 communities in Guangdong Province between July and August 2022. We identified four potential categories of stroke preparedness among middle-aged and older adults: recognition of stroke-emergency medical services (EMS) activation, low symptoms alertness-hospital avoidance, recognition of stroke-go to the hospital, and overlook arm weakness-go to the hospital. The categories could be determined by education level, medical background, knowledge of stroke and knowledge of Stroke 1-2-0 (Chinese version of FAST), conscientiousness traits, and level of family support. The findings of the four categories and their influencing factors suggest that community caregivers should adopt targeted interventions according to the characteristics of different groups of middle-aged and older adults to improve their ability to recognize and cope with stroke.

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between fathers' e-health literacy levels and their effects on breastfeeding. This descriptive and correlational study was performed with a sample of 324 fathers. The data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the e-Health Literacy Scale (e-HEALS), and the Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale (PBIS). The data were analyzed using numerical values, percentages, means, standard deviations, minimum-maximum values, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. Fathers showed adequate e-health literacy (28.2 ± 5.6) and moderately high breastfeeding support (117.8 ± 22.5). The number of children and the educational status of fathers and mothers affected e-HEALS scores; the educational status of fathers and mothers, economic status, mother's employment status, number of children, and mode of delivery affected PBIS scores. In addition, fathers with higher e-HEALS scores had higher PBIS, helping, and breastfeeding presence scores. Nurses and midwives should be aware of the significant relationship between fathers' e-health literacy levels and its effects on breastfeeding. Raising fathers' awareness about e-health literacy levels may enhance their support to mothers during lactation.

While socioeconomic factors affect school absenteeism, the role of untreated oral disease remains largely overlooked. Despite declining caries rates in Australia, disparities persist among children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify factors associated with oral disease risk among school-aged children using school-based assessments and caregiver-reported behaviors. A cross-sectional analysis of retrospectively collected data from 290 children aged 5-18 was conducted. Oral health assessments recorded caries, restorations, and calculus, while caregiver questionnaires captured demographics, dental history, snacking habits, and oral care practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression to identify significant associations. Thirty-six percent of students had restorations and/or untreated caries. Older children (13-18 years) were over three times more likely to have caries (OR = 3.35). A history of dental problems (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001) and parental concern (OR = 1.36, p = 0.024) were associated with increased risk. Frequent water intake was protective (OR = 0.83, p = 0.001), while sugar-sweetened beverages increased caries risk (p = 0.015). Surprisingly, frequent sweet snack consumption was linked to fewer restorations (OR = 0.54). Findings support the value of school-based programs addressing modifiable oral health risks.

Older adults receiving hemodialysis are at increased risk for xerostomia, poor nutritional status, and frailty, all of which significantly impact clinical outcomes and quality of life. This cross-sectional study examined interrelationships among xerostomia, nutrition, and frailty in patients aged 60 and older undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Conducted between October 2022 and June 2023 in five dialysis centers, the study included 176 participants on hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using validated instruments: the Short Xerostomia Inventory, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, and Edmonton Frailty Scale. Pearson's correlation and path analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method were employed. Although xerostomia was reported at a low rate, many patients were at risk of malnutrition and showed varying degrees of frailty. Xerostomia was negatively associated with nutritional status and positively with frailty, while better nutritional status was linked to lower frailty. Path analysis revealed that xerostomia and nutritional status together explained nearly 50% of frailty variance. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and multidisciplinary management to reduce frailty and improve outcomes in older adults undergoing hemodialysis.

The rising prevalence of advanced illness poses growing challenges for family caregivers, requiring healthcare professionals to address an increasing array of caregiver needs. This systematic review explores the impact of at-home interventions for caregivers supporting individuals with advanced illness, examining intervention characteristics and methodological quality. Quantitative studies published over the past 5 years (2019-2024) were sourced from PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Intervention data, including modality, components, timing, providers, recipients, and caregiver outcomes, were systematically reviewed. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. From 16 studies, key caregiver needs such as depression, anxiety, distress, quality of life, burden, and caregiving self-efficacy emerged as primary areas addressed. The majority of interventions were face-to-face, nurse-led, and aimed at primary caregivers. Findings underscore the importance of personalized interventions that consider caregivers' unique responses and actively involve them in design. Nurses play a crucial role in leading these interventions, positioning them as central to enhancing caregiver support in home settings.

Diabetic foot ulcers represent a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, often associated with amputations and hospitalizations. Monitoring foot temperature allows early detection of the risk of developing DFUs. This study compares foot temperature monitoring methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and assesses their applicability in the early detection of foot temperature differences. A systematic literature review was conducted following Cochrane methodology. An electronic search was carried out across multiple scientific databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Rob2 tool, and the meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane platform, Review Manager 5.4. Eight studies were included, seven of which met the criteria for meta-analysis. The results indicate that diabetic foot ulcers and amputations were less frequent in the temperature monitoring group compared to the control groups. The meta-analysis underscores the potential of foot temperature monitoring to prevent diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. Nurses should implement interventions that promote temperature monitoring and adherence to preventive measures while raising awareness of the benefits of these actions.