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Diurnal, seasonal and annual abundance patterns of California quail (Callipepla californica) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, 2010–2019 2010-2019年,新西兰马尔伯勒海峡加利福尼亚鹌鹑(卡利佩普拉加利福尼亚)的昼夜、季节和年度丰度模式
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.28
E. Richardson, S. Godfrey, C. Matthaei, R. Powlesland
: The California quail was introduced to New Zealand in 1862 as a game bird, and today is held in high regard by recreational hunters. The species is widespread through the North and South Islands, except for the regions of Westland, Fiordland, and Southland. However, it is suspected that populations have been declining in recent decades. Our study focused on the California quail population in the Marlborough Sounds along six road sections between Manaroa, Picton, and Havelock during 2010–2019. Analysis of quail counts using a Generalised Linear Model revealed that year (decline from 2010 to 2019), season (highest in spring, lowest in winter and Autumn) and vehicle traffic (highest at low traffic, lowest at high traffic) all showed significant relationships with the mean number of quail counted per survey. Quail numbers also showed significant relationships with time of day (highest in evening, lowest in afternoon) and road section (highest from Portage to Te Mahia and Te Mahia to Linkwater). The decline in quail counted over the 10-year period was possibly due to loss of suitable habitat through forest regeneration, and perhaps also increased predation by certain introduced mammals. We recommend future research to further investigate the causes of the decline, given that confirmed declines in exotic quail populations may have similar implications for native species that also prefer open habitats within the Marlborough Sounds region.
:加利福尼亚鹌鹑于1862年作为猎鸟引入新西兰,如今受到娱乐猎人的高度重视。该物种广泛分布于南北群岛,除了西部、峡湾和南部地区。然而,人们怀疑近几十年来人口一直在下降。我们的研究重点关注了2010-2019年间马纳罗阿、皮克顿和哈维洛克之间六个路段马尔伯勒海峡的加利福尼亚鹌鹑种群。使用广义线性模型对鹌鹑数量进行的分析显示,年份(从2010年到2019年下降)、季节(春季最高,冬季和秋季最低)和车辆流量(低流量时最高,高流量时最低)都与每次调查计数的鹌鹑平均数有显著关系。鹌鹑数量也与一天中的时间(晚上最高,下午最低)和路段(Portage至Te Mahia和Te Maha至Linkwater最高)有显著关系。在10年的时间里,鹌鹑数量的减少可能是由于森林再生失去了合适的栖息地,也可能是由于某些引入哺乳动物的捕食增加。我们建议未来的研究进一步调查数量下降的原因,因为外来鹌鹑数量的下降可能对同样喜欢马尔伯勒声音地区开放栖息地的本地物种产生类似的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of plant composition on epigeal spider communities in northern New Zealand forest remnants 植物组成对新西兰北部森林残余物中表皮蜘蛛群落的影响
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.29
O. Ball, B. Fitzgerald, Stephen R. Pohe, P. Whaley
: Te Paki Ecological District (TPED) in northern Northland, New Zealand, is well known as an ecologically significant centre of endemism. However, due to extensive anthropogenic habitat degradation, native forest has been reduced to small, isolated remnants and many of its endemic species are threatened with extinction. Epigeal spider communities (species living on or near the ground) were surveyed within TPED by pitfall trapping at seven native forest remnants differing in plant composition and apparent seral stage to investigate how spider communities varied within them. Surveys were conducted four times over a 12-month period coinciding with winter, spring, summer and autumn. Changes in spider communities were related to differences in plant composition, which were in turn associated with differences in apparent seral stage of the vegetation. Spider communities in forests at later seral stages were dominated by species such as Rinawa sp., Porrhothele sp. and Uliodon sp., whereas Euryopis nana , Cambridgea reinga , Stanwellia hollowayi and Hypodrassodes apicus were most prevalent in remnants at earlier seral stages. These species could potentially serve as useful bioindicators of ecological succession or restoration. Apart from soil organic matter content none of the predictor variables tested, including plant species richness, were significantly correlated with spider richness or diversity. Spider richness and diversity are most likely determined by a complex interaction of environmental and temporal factors that operate at different spatial scales. This study has increased our understanding of the ecological associations of spider communities and established that TPED is an important centre of endemism for spiders in New Zealand. We have also demonstrated the importance of forest remnants as reservoirs of indigenous spider diversity and helped resolve several historical taxonomic issues. Furthermore, we demonstrate the need for taxonomic research in this region of New Zealand and highlight the value of such biodiversity surveys.
:新西兰北部的特帕基生态区(TPED)是著名的具有重要生态意义的地方病中心。然而,由于广泛的人为栖息地退化,原生森林已减少为小型、孤立的残余,其许多特有物种面临灭绝的威胁。通过在七个不同植物组成和明显seral阶段的原生森林遗迹进行陷阱诱捕,在TPED内调查了Epigeal蜘蛛群落(生活在地面上或附近的物种),以调查蜘蛛群落在其中的变化。在冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的12个月内,共进行了四次调查。蜘蛛群落的变化和植物组成的差异有关,而植物组成的变化又和植被表观演替阶段的差异有关。林后期蜘蛛群落以Rinawa sp.、Porrothele sp.和Uliodon sp.等物种为主,而Euryopis nana、Cambridgea reinga、Stanwellia holowayi和Hypodrassodes apicus在林早期残留中最为普遍。这些物种可能成为生态演替或恢复的有用生物指标。除了土壤有机质含量外,测试的预测变量,包括植物物种丰富度,都与蜘蛛丰富度或多样性无关。蜘蛛的丰富度和多样性很可能是由在不同空间尺度上运作的环境和时间因素的复杂相互作用决定的。这项研究增加了我们对蜘蛛群落生态关联的理解,并确定TPED是新西兰蜘蛛特有病的重要中心。我们还证明了森林遗迹作为本土蜘蛛多样性宝库的重要性,并帮助解决了几个历史分类学问题。此外,我们证明了在新西兰这一地区进行分类学研究的必要性,并强调了这种生物多样性调查的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial patterns and habitat use of penned and hard-released arboreal geckos translocated to an offshore island free of introduced mammals 围栏和硬释放的树栖壁虎迁移到没有引入哺乳动物的近海岛屿的空间模式和栖息地利用
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.27
Grace Yee, J. Monks, T. Bell
: Temporary penning prior to release is a strategy increasingly being used in lizard translocations to improve site fidelity and increase chances of translocation success. However, it is yet to be tested on a range of lizard taxa. Between 2015 and 2018, 49 individuals of a New Zealand endemic arboreal gecko species (ngahere gecko, Mokopirirakau “southern North Island”) were translocated to mammal-free Mana Island near Wellington as mitigation for a development project. Twenty-five of these geckos were tracked for this study with geckos being either hard-released ( n = 9) or released into a 0.52 ha pen for 10–31 months ( n = 16). Using radio-telemetry, we compared the behaviour, habitat use, dispersal, and home ranges of geckos from both groups in the weeks immediately following removal of the pen. Hard-released geckos travelled further from their initial release point and between location fixes than penned geckos. Hard-released geckos also had a larger home range size than penned geckos using both minimum convex polygons and fixed kernel methods, albeit with significant variation among individuals within each group. Habitat use was similar in both groups, but only hard-released geckos used grass, which was unexpected due to the arboreal nature of the species. In conclusion, our results support the use of penned-releases for translocations of arboreal geckos to restrict initial post-translocation dispersal and aid population establishment.
:在释放前临时写下是一种越来越多地用于蜥蜴易位的策略,以提高位点保真度并增加易位成功的机会。然而,它还没有在一系列蜥蜴分类群上进行测试。2015年至2018年间,新西兰特有的树栖壁虎(ngahere gecko,Mokopiirakau“北岛南部”)的49只个体被转移到惠灵顿附近没有哺乳动物的马纳岛,作为开发项目的缓解措施。在这项研究中,追踪了其中25只壁虎,其中壁虎要么被硬释放(n=9),要么被释放到0.52公顷的围栏中10-31个月(n=16)。使用无线电遥测技术,我们比较了两组壁虎在围栏移除后几周内的行为、栖息地使用、扩散和栖息地范围。硬释放的壁虎比封闭的壁虎从最初的释放点出发,在定位之间走得更远。硬释放的壁虎也比使用最小凸多边形和固定核方法的封闭壁虎有更大的家庭范围大小,尽管每组中的个体之间存在显著差异。两组壁虎的栖息地使用情况相似,但只有硬释放的壁虎使用草,这是出乎意料的,因为该物种的树栖性质。总之,我们的研究结果支持使用书面释放来转移树栖壁虎,以限制最初的转移后扩散并帮助种群建立。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of footprint tracking and pitfall trapping for detecting skinks 足迹跟踪和陷阱捕获用于探测皮肤的比较
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.24
M. Lettink, J. Young, J. Monks
: Inventory and monitoring of biodiversity requires effective sampling tools. Footprint tracking tunnels, developed in New Zealand to monitor small mammals, may also be useful for sampling lizards and other reptiles but more research is needed to verify this. To that end, we compared the detectability of terrestrial skinks using two methods: pitfall trapping and footprint tracking. In New Zealand, the former is the traditional method for sampling skinks, while the latter is routinely used to monitor populations of introduced rodents and mustelids. In January 2019, we operated paired grids containing 5 × 5 arrays of pitfall traps and standard rodent tracking tunnels on Tiwai Peninsula in Southland, South Island, and compared the daily proportions of traps and tunnels that detected skinks via captures and footprints, respectively. Overall, tracking tunnels were approximately twice as likely to detect skinks as pitfall traps. Additional research is required to: (1) test the relative efficacy of footprint tracking versus conventional detection methods on other lizard and reptile species; (2) investigate alternative tunnel designs and long-life lures; and, (3) calibrate footprint tracking rates against density estimates to assess suitability for monitoring.
:生物多样性的清查和监测需要有效的采样工具。新西兰开发的足迹追踪隧道用于监测小型哺乳动物,也可能有助于对蜥蜴和其他爬行动物进行采样,但还需要更多的研究来验证这一点。为此,我们使用两种方法比较了陆地石龙子的可探测性:陷阱捕获和足迹跟踪。在新西兰,前者是对皮肤进行采样的传统方法,而后者通常用于监测引入的啮齿动物和鼬的种群。2019年1月,我们在南岛南部的蒂瓦伊半岛上运行了包含5×5个陷阱阵列和标准啮齿动物追踪隧道的成对网格,并比较了陷阱和隧道的每日比例,这些陷阱和隧道分别通过捕获和脚印检测到石皮。总的来说,追踪隧道探测到skinks的可能性大约是陷阱的两倍。需要进行额外的研究:(1)测试足迹跟踪与传统检测方法对其他蜥蜴和爬行动物物种的相对有效性;(2) 研究替代隧道设计和长寿命诱饵;以及(3)根据密度估计值校准足迹跟踪率,以评估监测的适用性。
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引用次数: 3
Factors affecting home range size of feral cats: a meta-analysis 影响野猫家庭活动范围大小的因素:一项荟萃分析
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.26
Catherine M. Nottingham, H. Buckley, B. Case, A. Glen, M. Stanley
: Managing invasive species requires knowledge of their ecology, including distribution, habitat use, and home range. In particular, understanding how biotic and abiotic factors influence home range can help with pest management decision-making, as well as informing native species management. Feral cats, self-sustaining cat populations that live independently of people, have caused numerous extinctions and continue to adversely affect native species globally. Managing feral cat populations requires spatially explicit knowledge to enable strategic deployment of management or monitoring devices, understand where native species are most likely to be at risk, and to mitigate the spread of cat-vectored diseases such as toxoplasmosis. Here, we present a meta-analysis of factors that influence feral cat home range size including land use types, differing levels of land use heterogeneity, and numbers of competitors. Male feral cats had larger home ranges than females, but effects of season, competitors, habitat heterogeneity, or land use on feral cat home range were not statistically significant, possibly due to high variability (male cat home range: 22.1 to 3232 ha; female cat home range: 9.6 to 2078 ha). This may reflect the fact that cats are generalists and are able to exploit any opportunity. Thus, we recommend that these factors and others, such as prey availability and composition, should be included in future research, so that the variability in home range size can be better understood. Improved understanding is vital for improving feral cat management in ecosystems where cats have been introduced.
:管理入侵物种需要了解其生态学,包括分布、栖息地使用和栖息地范围。特别是,了解生物和非生物因素如何影响家庭范围有助于害虫管理决策,并为本地物种管理提供信息。野猫是一种独立于人类生活的自我维持的猫科动物,已经导致了大量物种灭绝,并继续对全球本土物种产生不利影响。管理野猫种群需要空间上明确的知识,以实现管理或监测设备的战略部署,了解本地物种最有可能面临风险的地方,并减缓猫传播疾病(如弓形虫病)的传播。在这里,我们对影响野猫栖息地范围大小的因素进行了荟萃分析,包括土地利用类型、不同程度的土地利用异质性和竞争对手的数量。雄性野猫的栖息地范围比雌性大,但季节、竞争对手、栖息地异质性或土地利用对野猫栖息地范围的影响在统计上并不显著,这可能是由于变异性高(雄性猫栖息地范围:22.1至3232公顷;雌性猫栖息地范围:9.6至2078公顷)。这可能反映出猫是多面手,能够利用任何机会。因此,我们建议在未来的研究中包括这些因素和其他因素,如猎物的可获得性和组成,以便更好地了解家庭范围大小的可变性。增进了解对于改善引入猫的生态系统中的野猫管理至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Attitudes and motivations of New Zealand conservation volunteers 新西兰自然保护志愿者的态度和动机
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.18
A. Heimann, Fabien Medvecky
: Biodiversity conservation in Aotearoa New Zealand is of high importance, and efforts to protect vulnerable populations from decline has garnered broad public support. Conservation efforts have been further highlighted with the 2016 announcement of Predator Free 2050, a nationwide goal to eliminate key invasive mammalian predators from New Zealand by the year 2050. Hands-on labour is often needed to complete conservation initiatives, and New Zealand conservation volunteers have shown themselves to be an abundant, effective, and oft-used workforce. However, there is limited knowledge of conservation volunteers on a national scale. This exploratory research aimed to determine what motivates conservation volunteers in New Zealand, gauge their attitudes toward modern-day conservation, and summarise their demographic information. Through a nationwide survey of 986 New Zealand conservation volunteers in 2018, we found that they have a higher than median age, income, education, and are predominantly Pākehā/NZ European and likely retired. The median conservation volunteer has volunteered within 10 km of home for 10 hours a month for 6 years. The conservation and cultural context in New Zealand could be reflected in volunteer motivations and attitudes. New Zealand conservation volunteers are motivated by a feeling of responsibility, with some referencing the Māori concept of kaitiakitanga. There were elements of wanting to right past wrongs and volunteers’ perceived role as stewards of their local environment. Conservation volunteers overwhelmingly agree with the stated goals of Predator Free 2050 and are in favour of current and potential future methods of pest control. They are, however, significantly less confident that Predator Free 2050 goals will be achieved. Conservation volunteers contribute to goals like Predator Free 2050 through their significant voluntary labour. We hope this research contributes to a better understanding of conservation volunteers in New Zealand and leads to strengthening the support for these volunteers and the many community groups they represent.
新西兰奥特罗阿的生物多样性保护非常重要,保护脆弱种群免于减少的努力得到了广泛的公众支持。2016年宣布的“2050年无捕食者”(Predator Free 2050)进一步突显了保护工作,这是一项全国性目标,旨在到2050年消除新西兰主要的入侵性哺乳动物捕食者。要完成保护倡议,往往需要动手劳动,新西兰的保护志愿者已经证明自己是一支丰富、有效和经常使用的劳动力队伍。然而,在全国范围内,对保护志愿者的了解有限。这项探索性研究旨在确定新西兰保护志愿者的动机,衡量他们对现代保护的态度,并总结他们的人口统计信息。通过2018年对986名新西兰保护志愿者的全国调查,我们发现他们的年龄、收入、教育程度都高于中位数,主要是Pākehā/新西兰欧洲人,可能已经退休。中位数的环保志愿者在6年里每月在离家10公里的地方做10小时的志愿者。新西兰的保护和文化背景可以反映在志愿者的动机和态度上。新西兰的环保志愿者们被一种责任感所激励,一些人参考了Māori kaitiakitanga的概念。其中有想要纠正过去错误的因素,以及志愿者作为当地环境管理者的角色。保护志愿者绝大多数同意2050年无捕食者的既定目标,并支持当前和未来潜在的害虫控制方法。然而,他们对2050年实现无捕食者目标的信心明显下降。保护志愿者通过他们重要的志愿劳动为实现“2050年无捕食者”这样的目标做出了贡献。我们希望这项研究有助于更好地了解新西兰的保护志愿者,并加强对这些志愿者和他们所代表的许多社区团体的支持。
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引用次数: 3
Thermal and physical characteristics of the nesting habitat of New Zealand’s only endemic oviparous lizard 新西兰唯一特有的卵生蜥蜴筑巢栖息地的温度和物理特征
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.16
C. Woolley, K. Hare, Vaughn I. Stenhouse, N. Nelson
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引用次数: 0
Acoustic monitoring and occupancy analysis: cost-effective tools in reintroduction programmes for roroa-great spotted kiwi 声学监测和占有率分析:罗罗阿大斑猕猴桃重新引入计划中具有成本效益的工具
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.21
Peter Jahn, J. Ross, D. MacKenzie, L. Molles
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引用次数: 3
Ian Athol Edward Atkinson MSc (NZ) PhD (Hawaii) 1932–2019 Ian Athol Edward Atkinson理学硕士(新西兰)博士(夏威夷)1932–2019
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.11
M. Smale, Carol C. West
Ian Atkinson was one of the most versatile ecologists ever to work on our shores, an original thinker and true allrounder whose broad scope covered plants, animals, and soils. A generalist of the old school rather than a narrowly focussed specialist, his career was notable for collaboration with experts in a variety of fields and for lasting contributions to vegetation mapping, soil mapping, volcanic succession, introduced rodent ecology, mammal-plant interactions, island ecology, and restoration ecology. A stalwart of the New Zealand Ecological Society, he held a number of offices, serving as Secretary 1960–1962, Vice-President 1965 and 1983–1985 and President 1985–1987, and he was also a longtime Councillor from 1962 till 1983. He was made a Life Member in 2001. Ian was born of English parents Leonard Gray Atkinson (1894–1965) and Winifred Atkinson née Goddard (1904–1994) in Hamilton on 6 October 1932. His father, an electrical draughtsman, had arrived here from London in 1924 to work for the Public Works Department, helping design Arapuni Power Station, the first in a long line of hydro-electric plants built by the government on the Waikato River. Leonard went Ian Atkinson on a family holiday on Big Island, Hawaii, 17 July 2007. (Photo: Cynthia Petersen).
伊恩·阿特金森是在我们海岸工作过的最多才多艺的生态学家之一,他是一个有独创性的思想家,也是一个真正的全才,他的广泛研究范围涵盖了植物、动物和土壤。他是一个老派的通才,而不是一个狭隘的专家,他的职业生涯以与各个领域的专家合作而闻名,并在植被制图、土壤制图、火山演替、引入啮齿动物生态学、哺乳动物-植物相互作用、岛屿生态学和恢复生态学方面做出了持久的贡献。作为新西兰生态学会的坚定支持者,他曾担任多个职位,1960-1962年担任秘书长,1965年和1983 - 1985年担任副主席,1985-1987年担任主席,1962年至1983年担任长期议员。他于2001年成为终身会员。Ian于1932年10月6日出生在汉密尔顿,父母是英国人Leonard Gray Atkinson(1894-1965)和Winifred Atkinson nsame Goddard(1904-1994)。他的父亲是一名电气绘图员,1924年从伦敦来到这里,为公共工程部工作,帮助设计阿拉普尼发电站,这是政府在怀卡托河上建造的一长串水力发电厂中的第一个。2007年7月17日,伦纳德和伊恩·阿特金森全家去夏威夷大岛度假。(图片来源:Cynthia Petersen)。
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引用次数: 0
At-sea foraging behaviour in Hutton’s shearwater (Puffinus huttoni) as revealed by stable isotope analysis 稳定同位素分析揭示了赫顿鹱(Puffinus huttoni)的海上觅食行为
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.46.5
Della G Bennet, Travis Horton, S. Goldstien, L. Rowe, J. Briskie
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引用次数: 0
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New Zealand Journal of Ecology
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