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Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Construction of Wooden School Structures Using the Cross-laminated Timber Construction Method 用交叉层压木结构法量化木质学校建筑的温室气体排放
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-04-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.101
Yuki Fuchigami, Kenta Watanabe, T. Nakai
The volume of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during the process from product manufacturing step to the construction process in the life cycle of a wooden school building (two stories; total floor area : 407.2 m 2 ) constructed using cross-laminated timber (CLT) was quantified. GHG emissions were also quantified for school buildings with a reinforced concrete structure (hereafter, “RC structure”) and for those with a steel structure (hereafter, “S structure”), keeping all other specifications constant. The GHG emissions were then compared between scenarios. The results were as follows. The volume of GHG emissions from the CLT products used to construct the wooden school building using the CLT method, over the life cycle of the building, was 442 kg CO 2 e/m 3 . The volume of GHG emissions for the wooden school building itself was 168 t CO 2 e. And, the volume of GHG emissions for the school buildings with the RC and S structures was 242 t CO 2 e and 206 t CO 2 e, respectively. These results showed that using the CLT construction method to build structures for a school can reduce GHG emissions by approximately 30.6% and 18.5%, respectively, compared to using an RC structure or an S structure. (cid:9487)(cid:9513)(cid:9533)(cid:9531)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9512)(cid:9527) : LCCO 2 , GHG emission, wooden school building, CLT method.
木质学校建筑(两层;总建筑面积:407.2平方米),使用交叉层压木材(CLT)进行了量化。在保持所有其他规格不变的情况下,还量化了钢筋混凝土结构(以下简称“RC结构”)和钢结构(以下简称“S结构”)校舍的温室气体排放。然后比较不同情景下的温室气体排放量。结果如下:使用CLT方法建造木制学校建筑的CLT产品的温室气体排放量,在建筑的生命周期内,为442千克二氧化碳/立方米。木质校舍本身的温室气体排放量为168 t co2 e, RC和S结构校舍的温室气体排放量分别为242 t co2 e和206 t co2 e。这些结果表明,与使用RC结构或S结构相比,使用CLT建造方法为学校建造结构可以分别减少约30.6%和18.5%的温室气体排放。(cid:9487)(cid:9513)(cid:9533)(cid:9531)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9512)(cid:9527): LCCO 2,温室气体排放,木制学校建筑,CLT方法。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of High Wet-Strength Paper from Rice Straw Pulp by Treatment with ZnCl2 Aqueous Solution 氯化锌水溶液处理稻草浆制备高湿强纸
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.46
Xu Yinchao, Guangfan Jin, Rui Zhai, Chunfeng Zhu, Lijun Wang, Anbo Wu, A. Nakagawa-izumi
In this research, laboratory sheets made from rice straw bleached chemical pulps were impregnated with a ZnCl2 aqueous solution to prepare high wet-strength paper, and the effects of the concentration of the ZnCl2 solution, impregnation temperature and period, and ethanol washing period were evaluated through single factor tests, The optimal conditions was determined to be 60%, 65 oC, 10 min, and 12 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the dry tensile and dry burst indices of the sheet prepared from the impregnated laboratory sheets doubled, and both the wet indices quadrupled as compared to those from untreated laboratory sheets. There were no significant changes in the cellulose crystal form and crystallinity. However, the paper surface morphology changed significantly.
本研究以稻草漂白化学浆为原料,用ZnCl2水溶液浸渍制备高湿强度纸,并通过单因素试验评价了ZnCl2溶液浓度、浸渍温度和浸渍时间以及乙醇洗涤时间的影响,和12分钟。在这些条件下,由浸渍的实验室片材制备的片材的干拉伸和干爆裂指数与未处理的实验室片材相比翻了一番,并且两个湿指数都翻了四番。纤维素的结晶形式和结晶度没有显著变化。然而,纸张表面形态发生了显著变化。
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引用次数: 1
Fire Retardancy of Fire-retardant-impregnated Wood after Natural Weathering II. 阻燃剂浸渍木材在自然风化后的阻燃性能Ⅱ。
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.31
Masayuki Kawarasaki, Ryoichi Hiradate, Y. Hirabayashi, S. Kikuchi, Y. Ohmiya, Jaeyoung Lee, Masaki Noaki, Noboru Nakamura
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引用次数: 1
Method for Determining Sample Size to Measure MOR of Particleboard Using Monte Carlo Simulation 用蒙特卡罗模拟确定刨花板MOR测量样本大小的方法
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.1
H. Korai, Ken Watanabe
To measure the modulus of rupture (MOR) of particleboard, a method for determining sample size was developed. First, the MOR of a large number of samples was measured. A total of 10000 sample means were calculated by applying Monte Carlo simulations to the measured MORs, and relationships between sample size and sample mean were analyzed. When the sample size was 15, 9605 sample means among the 10000 sample means were within in the 95% confidence interval. As a result, the sample size was set at 15, and the probability of means occurring within the interval was very high, i.e., 96.05%. Next, the 5, 10, 20, and 30% points of the 9605 sample means were calculated, which reached the 95% confidence interval when the sample sizes were 10, 8, 4, and 2, respectively. For example, when the sample size was 2, the probability of means occurring within the interval was relatively high, i.e., 67.55%. Because the general method calculated a sample size of 28, our method could markedly decrease the sample size. (cid:9487)(cid:9513)(cid:9533)(cid:9531)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9512)(cid:9527) : particleboard, modulus of rupture, sample size, Monte Carlo simulation, 95% confidence interval.
为了测量刨花板的断裂模量(MOR),提出了一种确定试样尺寸的方法。首先,测量大量样本的MOR。对实测MORs进行蒙特卡罗模拟,计算出10000个样本均值,并分析了样本容量与样本均值之间的关系。当样本量为15时,10000个样本均值中有9605个样本均值在95%置信区间内。因此,将样本量设为15,均值在区间内出现的概率非常高,为96.05%。接下来,计算9605个样本均值的5点、10点、20点、30%点,分别在样本量为10、8、4、2时达到95%置信区间。例如,当样本量为2时,均值在区间内出现的概率就比较高,为67.55%。由于一般方法计算的样本量为28,因此我们的方法可以显著减少样本量。(cid:9487)(cid:9513)(cid:9533)(cid:9531)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9512)(cid:9527):刨花板,破裂模量,样本大小,蒙特卡罗模拟,95%置信区间。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Characteristics of Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) Fiber Fractions Produced by a Laboratory Thermomechanical Refiner 实验室热机械精制竹纤维馏分的化学特性
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.16
Guangfan Jin, Vu Thang Do, Yunmeng Wu, Kuan-hsuan Lin, Chunfeng Zhu, A. Nakagawa-izumi
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引用次数: 0
Partial Compressive Properties of Cross Laminated Timber I. 交叉层压木材的部分压缩性能I。
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.8
Marina Totsuka, K. Aoki, Masahiro Inayama, Kimihiko Morita
Partial compressive properties of lateral faces in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) are important when we calculate the criteria for connections. However, the technical knowledge from studies of compression behavior of lateral faces in CLT is still limited. In this study, we determined partial compressive properties, yield stress, and initial and secondary stiffness for lateral faces when using CLT made of Japanese cedar. There were 24 types of specimens that varied in width of loading plates, location of loading plates, presence or absence of edge bonds or side margins. Results of experiments showed that the width of the applied loading device and of the side margin have a potent influence. It is assumed that the effect of the width of the applied loading device is a size effect. The size margin effect was greater when the width of the loading plates decreased. Specimens with greater than 100 mm side margins can be considered to be of infinite length. The presence of edge bonds contributes to increasing partial compressive strength. On the other hand, the perimeters of the location of the loading plates do not have a potent influence.
交叉层合材(CLT)横向面的部分压缩特性在计算连接准则时非常重要。然而,从CLT横向面压缩特性的研究中获得的技术知识仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们确定了部分抗压性能,屈服应力,初始和次级刚度的侧向面,当使用日本雪松制成的CLT。在加载板的宽度、加载板的位置、有无边键或边缘等方面,有24种不同类型的试件。实验结果表明,加载装置的宽度和侧缘的宽度有很大的影响。假设加载装置宽度的影响是尺寸效应。随着加载板宽度的减小,尺寸余量效应更大。边沿大于100毫米的试样可以认为是无限长的。边键的存在有助于提高部分抗压强度。另一方面,加载板位置的周长没有强有力的影响。
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引用次数: 4
Economic Impacts of Increases in Domestic Timber Utilization in Wooden Framework for Residential Construction 住宅建筑木质框架中国内木材使用量增加的经济影响
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.23
Soei Kawamura, M. Inoue
This study aimed to evaluate the economic impacts of increasing the ratio of domestic timber used in wooden framework for residential construction. We performed two assessments: a simulation in which the ratio of domestic timber utilization in Japanese wooden framework residential industry is increased by 1% above the actual ratio, and a case analysis of the leading housing company, T Home. The findings showed that increasing the ratio of domestic timber not only had an overall economic effect but also affected the earnings of the housing manufacturer in some cases. On the other hand, in the simulation, induced production increased by 4.49 billion yen and the gross value added increased by 2.10 billion yen if the ratio of domestic timber utilization in the Japanese wooden-framework residential construction industry increased by 1% above the actual ratio of 2018. The results of the simulation and the case analysis proved that the economic impact on the forest products industry is larger when wood products are processed in Japan, even if they originate from a foreign country and the economic impact on forestry is larger when lumber rather than either plywood or laminated timber is used.
本研究旨在评估增加住宅建筑木框架中使用的国产木材比例的经济影响。我们进行了两项评估:一项是模拟日本木框架住宅行业的国内木材利用率比实际比率高出1%,另一项是对领先的住宅公司T Home的案例分析。调查结果表明,提高国内木材的比例不仅会产生整体经济影响,而且在某些情况下还会影响住房制造商的收入。另一方面,在模拟中,如果日本木框架住宅建筑业的国内木材利用率比2018年的实际比率高出1%,则诱导生产增加44.9亿日元,总增加值增加21亿日元。模拟和案例分析的结果证明,在日本加工木制品时,对林产品行业的经济影响更大,即使木制品来自外国;使用木材而不是胶合板或层压木材时,对林业的经济影响也更大。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Dakekanba Wood for Baseball-bats Dakekanba木在棒球棍上的应用
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2020-01-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.66.39
Natsuki Tomita, K. Murata, Masashi Nakamura, H. Akitsu, H. Ohsaki
is a pioneer species that has not been used sufficiently in practical applications even though it is the most abundant wood source in the Hokkaido prefecture. We believe that it has potential as a valuable material for use in baseball bats. Assuming that the critical factor for baseball bats is an impact strength, we elucidated the relationships between slope of grain ((cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483)) and impact strength or impact fracture energy of dakekanba wood by conducting impact bending tests. Results revealed that the Hankinson equation could be used to calculate these relationships to impact strength because they were similar to those considered in previous studies of impact fracture energy. Cylindrical wood specimens such as bat grips were assessed in the impact bending tests, and dakekanba wood was compared with woods used for commercial bats. After impact strength were corrected based on (cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483) and density, both strength and fracture energy of dakekanba wood were found to be nearly the same as those of commercial wood species for baseball bats. Prototype bats of dakekanba wood were manufactured and experimentally used by a baseball club at Kyoto University. The prototypes were confirmed to have sufficient durability, as no bats broke during their one-week trial use. On a questionnaire survey, players responded with “good” or “normal” regarding bat feeling, flown distance, etc. after hitting with the prototypes. Our study reveals that dakekanba wood has good potential as a baseball-bat material.
是一种先锋树种,尽管它是北海道最丰富的木材来源,但尚未在实际应用中得到充分利用。我们相信它有潜力作为一种有价值的材料用于棒球棒。假设棒球棒的关键因素是冲击强度,通过进行冲击弯曲试验,阐明了棒材颗粒坡度((cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483))与大棒材冲击强度或冲击断裂能之间的关系。结果表明,汉金森方程可以用来计算这些与冲击强度的关系,因为它们与之前研究的冲击断裂能相似。圆柱形木材样品(如蝙蝠握把)在冲击弯曲试验中进行了评估,并将dakekanba木材与用于商业蝙蝠的木材进行了比较。根据(cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483)和密度对冲击强度进行校正后,发现大坎巴木材的强度和断裂能与商品棒球棒木材的强度和断裂能基本相同。京都大学的一个棒球俱乐部制作了大棒材的原型棒,并进行了实验使用。这些原型被证实具有足够的耐用性,因为在一周的试用中没有蝙蝠损坏。在一份问卷调查中,玩家对击球感觉、飞行距离等的回答是“良好”或“正常”。我们的研究表明,大干坝木作为棒球棒材料具有良好的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Strength Improvement of Wheat Straw Chemi-mechanical Pulp by the NaOH-urea Pretreatment naoh -尿素预处理提高小麦秸秆化学机械浆强度
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.65.243
Guangfan Jin, Rui Zhai, Chunfeng Zhu, Xu Yinchao, Lijun Wang, Jianye Wang, A. Nakagawa-izumi
The NaOH-urea pretreatment system under mild temperatures was used to modify mechanical pulp properties of wheat straw, and the effects of alkali impregnation time and treatment temperature time were evaluated through single factor tests. The results showed that the optimal conditions were chosen as NaOH and urea concentrations of 5% and 3.5%, impregnation time of 10 min, treatment temperature of 50 ºC and treatment time of 60 min. Compared with the results of the NaOH-pretreated chemi-mechanical pulp production, the refining energy consumption of the mechanical pulp prepared by the NaOH-urea system was decreased by 14%, while screened yield and brightness of the pulp were increased by 1.5% and 4.2% (point) and sheet density, tensile index and burst index were increased by 3.5%, 20% and 17%, respectively.
采用温和温度下naoh -尿素预处理体系对麦草机械浆性能进行改性,并通过单因素试验考察了碱浸时间和处理温度时间对改性效果的影响。结果表明,最优条件选为氢氧化钠和尿素的浓度为5%和3.5%,浸渍时间10分钟,治疗温度50ºC和治疗时间60分钟。相比之下,结果NaOH-pretreated chemi-mechanical纸浆生产、机械浆的炼油能耗由NaOH-urea系统减少了14%,而产量和亮度的纸浆筛选分别增加了1.5%和4.2%(点)和密度板,拉伸指数和爆裂指数分别提高3.5%、20%和17%。
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引用次数: 0
The Timber Properties of Birch Grown in a Plantation in Atsuma, Hokkaido 北海道Atsuma人工林桦木的木材特性
IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.2488/jwrs.65.189
H. Ohsaki, S. Murakami, H. Akitsu
The wood qualities of birch species grown in a plantation in Atsuma, Hokkaido, were investigated. Shirakamba (Japanese white birch ; Betula platyphylla), Udaikamba (Japanese red birch ; Betula maximowicziana) and Dakekamba(Erman’s birch ; Betula ermanii) were used. Disks were cut from the trunk at part of 2 m height above the ground and the ring widths were measured. Bending tests and compression tests were carried out. The initial radial growth of Dakekamba was smaller than that of the other species. Wood density decreased from bark to pith. The closer to the pith, the lower the bending and compression strengths were. There was little change in density or the bending and compression strengths at ground height. The plantation grown birches showed similar strength performance as naturally grown birches.
对北海道大摩某人工林桦木树种的木材质量进行了调查。白桦(日本白桦;白桦(Betula platyphylla);桦树(Betula maximmowicziana)和Dakekamba(Erman桦树;选用白桦(Betula ermanii)。在离地2米高的地方从树干上切下圆盘,测量环的宽度。进行了弯曲试验和压缩试验。达卡姆巴的初始径向生长小于其他树种。木材密度从树皮到髓逐渐降低。越接近木髓,其抗折强度和抗压强度越低。在地面高度上,密度、弯曲强度和抗压强度变化不大。人工桦树的强度表现与天然桦树相近。
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引用次数: 3
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Mokuzai Gakkaishi
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