Natsuki Tomita, K. Murata, Masashi Nakamura, H. Akitsu, H. Ohsaki
is a pioneer species that has not been used sufficiently in practical applications even though it is the most abundant wood source in the Hokkaido prefecture. We believe that it has potential as a valuable material for use in baseball bats. Assuming that the critical factor for baseball bats is an impact strength, we elucidated the relationships between slope of grain （(cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483)） and impact strength or impact fracture energy of dakekanba wood by conducting impact bending tests. Results revealed that the Hankinson equation could be used to calculate these relationships to impact strength because they were similar to those considered in previous studies of impact fracture energy. Cylindrical wood specimens such as bat grips were assessed in the impact bending tests, and dakekanba wood was compared with woods used for commercial bats. After impact strength were corrected based on (cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483) and density, both strength and fracture energy of dakekanba wood were found to be nearly the same as those of commercial wood species for baseball bats. Prototype bats of dakekanba wood were manufactured and experimentally used by a baseball club at Kyoto University. The prototypes were confirmed to have sufficient durability, as no bats broke during their one-week trial use. On a questionnaire survey, players responded with “good” or “normal” regarding bat feeling, flown distance, etc. after hitting with the prototypes. Our study reveals that dakekanba wood has good potential as a baseball-bat material.
{"title":"Use of Dakekanba Wood for Baseball-bats","authors":"Natsuki Tomita, K. Murata, Masashi Nakamura, H. Akitsu, H. Ohsaki","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.66.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.66.39","url":null,"abstract":"is a pioneer species that has not been used sufficiently in practical applications even though it is the most abundant wood source in the Hokkaido prefecture. We believe that it has potential as a valuable material for use in baseball bats. Assuming that the critical factor for baseball bats is an impact strength, we elucidated the relationships between slope of grain （(cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483)） and impact strength or impact fracture energy of dakekanba wood by conducting impact bending tests. Results revealed that the Hankinson equation could be used to calculate these relationships to impact strength because they were similar to those considered in previous studies of impact fracture energy. Cylindrical wood specimens such as bat grips were assessed in the impact bending tests, and dakekanba wood was compared with woods used for commercial bats. After impact strength were corrected based on (cid:9495)(cid:9523)(cid:9483) and density, both strength and fracture energy of dakekanba wood were found to be nearly the same as those of commercial wood species for baseball bats. Prototype bats of dakekanba wood were manufactured and experimentally used by a baseball club at Kyoto University. The prototypes were confirmed to have sufficient durability, as no bats broke during their one-week trial use. On a questionnaire survey, players responded with “good” or “normal” regarding bat feeling, flown distance, etc. after hitting with the prototypes. Our study reveals that dakekanba wood has good potential as a baseball-bat material.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NaOH-urea pretreatment system under mild temperatures was used to modify mechanical pulp properties of wheat straw, and the effects of alkali impregnation time and treatment temperature time were evaluated through single factor tests. The results showed that the optimal conditions were chosen as NaOH and urea concentrations of 5% and 3.5%, impregnation time of 10 min, treatment temperature of 50 ºC and treatment time of 60 min. Compared with the results of the NaOH-pretreated chemi-mechanical pulp production, the refining energy consumption of the mechanical pulp prepared by the NaOH-urea system was decreased by 14%, while screened yield and brightness of the pulp were increased by 1.5% and 4.2% （point） and sheet density, tensile index and burst index were increased by 3.5%, 20% and 17%, respectively.
{"title":"Strength Improvement of Wheat Straw Chemi-mechanical Pulp by the NaOH-urea Pretreatment","authors":"Guangfan Jin, Rui Zhai, Chunfeng Zhu, Xu Yinchao, Lijun Wang, Jianye Wang, A. Nakagawa-izumi","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.243","url":null,"abstract":"The NaOH-urea pretreatment system under mild temperatures was used to modify mechanical pulp properties of wheat straw, and the effects of alkali impregnation time and treatment temperature time were evaluated through single factor tests. The results showed that the optimal conditions were chosen as NaOH and urea concentrations of 5% and 3.5%, impregnation time of 10 min, treatment temperature of 50 ºC and treatment time of 60 min. Compared with the results of the NaOH-pretreated chemi-mechanical pulp production, the refining energy consumption of the mechanical pulp prepared by the NaOH-urea system was decreased by 14%, while screened yield and brightness of the pulp were increased by 1.5% and 4.2% （point） and sheet density, tensile index and burst index were increased by 3.5%, 20% and 17%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43454567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The wood qualities of birch species grown in a plantation in Atsuma, Hokkaido, were investigated. Shirakamba (Japanese white birch ; Betula platyphylla), Udaikamba (Japanese red birch ; Betula maximowicziana) and Dakekamba(Erman’s birch ; Betula ermanii) were used. Disks were cut from the trunk at part of 2 m height above the ground and the ring widths were measured. Bending tests and compression tests were carried out. The initial radial growth of Dakekamba was smaller than that of the other species. Wood density decreased from bark to pith. The closer to the pith, the lower the bending and compression strengths were. There was little change in density or the bending and compression strengths at ground height. The plantation grown birches showed similar strength performance as naturally grown birches.
{"title":"The Timber Properties of Birch Grown in a Plantation in Atsuma, Hokkaido","authors":"H. Ohsaki, S. Murakami, H. Akitsu","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.189","url":null,"abstract":"The wood qualities of birch species grown in a plantation in Atsuma, Hokkaido, were investigated. Shirakamba (Japanese white birch ; Betula platyphylla), Udaikamba (Japanese red birch ; Betula maximowicziana) and Dakekamba(Erman’s birch ; Betula ermanii) were used. Disks were cut from the trunk at part of 2 m height above the ground and the ring widths were measured. Bending tests and compression tests were carried out. The initial radial growth of Dakekamba was smaller than that of the other species. Wood density decreased from bark to pith. The closer to the pith, the lower the bending and compression strengths were. There was little change in density or the bending and compression strengths at ground height. The plantation grown birches showed similar strength performance as naturally grown birches.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46150948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryutaro Sudo, H. Kawahara, Y. Ochiai, K. Aoki, Masahiro Inayama
{"title":"Study on the Single Shear Performance of Nailed Joints for Structural Utilization of MDF I.","authors":"Ryutaro Sudo, H. Kawahara, Y. Ochiai, K. Aoki, Masahiro Inayama","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nakagawa, K. Yanase, Takahiro Umeki, Rika Irimajiri, N. Fujimoto, Kuniyoshi Shimizu
Geothermal drying treatment is one of the wood drying methods. To investigate the quantitative change of terpenes in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) board caused by four drying treatments, extracts of sugi board dried by moderate-temperature, high-temperature, geothermal energy and air were analyzed by gas-chromatograph mass-spectrometer (GC/MS). Samples were prepared using a planer to plane dried boards (1-2 mm from the surface), and to extract the shavings with ethyl acetate. As a result, total extractive content detected by GC/MS did not differ among the drying treatments. However, content of β-Caryophllene and Thujopsene was higher in air-dried boards than in those dried by the other methods (p<0.05). Sandaracopimarinal and Ferruginol content was highest in geothermaldried board as compared to all drying methods. From the principal component analysis, a portion of terpenes in sugi board exposed to geothermal-drying treatment was similar to that of air-dried boards.
{"title":"Effect of Geothermal Drying Treatment on Extract Composition of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) Board","authors":"T. Nakagawa, K. Yanase, Takahiro Umeki, Rika Irimajiri, N. Fujimoto, Kuniyoshi Shimizu","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.195","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal drying treatment is one of the wood drying methods. To investigate the quantitative change of terpenes in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) board caused by four drying treatments, extracts of sugi board dried by moderate-temperature, high-temperature, geothermal energy and air were analyzed by gas-chromatograph mass-spectrometer (GC/MS). Samples were prepared using a planer to plane dried boards (1-2 mm from the surface), and to extract the shavings with ethyl acetate. As a result, total extractive content detected by GC/MS did not differ among the drying treatments. However, content of β-Caryophllene and Thujopsene was higher in air-dried boards than in those dried by the other methods (p<0.05). Sandaracopimarinal and Ferruginol content was highest in geothermaldried board as compared to all drying methods. From the principal component analysis, a portion of terpenes in sugi board exposed to geothermal-drying treatment was similar to that of air-dried boards.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index for Wood Bending Shapes","authors":"Chika Ishihara, H. Imanishi, K. Mitsui","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46721965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryo Takase, H. Matsunaga, D. Kamikawa, K. Ando, Nobuaki Hattori
As a way of examining the uneven distribution of chemicals inside fire-retardant-impregnated wood, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis (EDXRF) is thought to be effective. Slices of fireretardant-impregnated wood (Cryptomeria japonica) were subjected to EDXRF mapping under different conditions, and the results were correlated with the weight of chemical solids in the wood. The coefficient of determination increases when the dwell time is increased, or collimator size is optimized. Regardless of the measurement conditions, the relationship was not linear but had one-toone correspondence, so we concluded that EDXRF mapping can be an effective way of analyzing the distribution of chemicals inside fire-retardant-impregnated wood.
{"title":"A Mapping Method for Chemicals in Fire-Retardant-Impregnated Wood Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis I.","authors":"Ryo Takase, H. Matsunaga, D. Kamikawa, K. Ando, Nobuaki Hattori","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.218","url":null,"abstract":"As a way of examining the uneven distribution of chemicals inside fire-retardant-impregnated wood, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis (EDXRF) is thought to be effective. Slices of fireretardant-impregnated wood (Cryptomeria japonica) were subjected to EDXRF mapping under different conditions, and the results were correlated with the weight of chemical solids in the wood. The coefficient of determination increases when the dwell time is increased, or collimator size is optimized. Regardless of the measurement conditions, the relationship was not linear but had one-toone correspondence, so we concluded that EDXRF mapping can be an effective way of analyzing the distribution of chemicals inside fire-retardant-impregnated wood.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoko Kuribayashi, Y. Ogawa, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Nishiyama
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. 200 °C Yoshiharu Nishiyama, Yu Ogawa, Tomoko Kuribayashi, Yuji Matsumoto
{"title":"Changes in Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Hardwood Cell Walls by Hydrothermal Treatment at 200 °C under 1.6 Mpa","authors":"Tomoko Kuribayashi, Y. Ogawa, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Nishiyama","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.212","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. 200 °C Yoshiharu Nishiyama, Yu Ogawa, Tomoko Kuribayashi, Yuji Matsumoto","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2488/jwrs.65.212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43077796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wood decay fungi can efficiently decompose and metabolize recalcitrant plant cell walls, which consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Their unique degradation processes and related enzymes have been extensively studied toward various industrial and environmental applications. The recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and informatics have made more than 250 fungal genomes publicly available, and enabled comparative omics analyses to provide new insights regarding diversity of fungal wood degradation processes, their origins and evolutions. In this review, at first, the background of wood decay types and related enzymes was summarized, and then new insights on the molecular mechanism of the diversity of wood degradation by both white-rot and brown-rot fungi as disclosed from the current comparative genome analyses were presented. Moreover, the origin and evolutions of wood decay fungi based on molecular clock analyses were discussed.
{"title":"Origin and Diversity of Wood Decay Fungi Revealed by Genome-Based Analyses","authors":"C. Hori, Makoto Yoshida, K. Igarashi, M. Samejima","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.173","url":null,"abstract":"Wood decay fungi can efficiently decompose and metabolize recalcitrant plant cell walls, which consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Their unique degradation processes and related enzymes have been extensively studied toward various industrial and environmental applications. The recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and informatics have made more than 250 fungal genomes publicly available, and enabled comparative omics analyses to provide new insights regarding diversity of fungal wood degradation processes, their origins and evolutions. In this review, at first, the background of wood decay types and related enzymes was summarized, and then new insights on the molecular mechanism of the diversity of wood degradation by both white-rot and brown-rot fungi as disclosed from the current comparative genome analyses were presented. Moreover, the origin and evolutions of wood decay fungi based on molecular clock analyses were discussed.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2488/jwrs.65.173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49538859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuki Fuchigami, Takaaki Kuyama, Hirotaka Komata, K. Kojiro, Y. Furuta
In order to identify the economic ripple effect on a local target area from the use of local wood, an input-output analysis of interindustry relationships was performed to calculate induced production values and induced gross added values for nine distribution scenarios. Our study was conducted by using an input-output table with Kyoto prefecture as the local target area. Final demand was assumed to be 8.132 million yen. As a result, the economic ripple effect was maximized in a scenario based on local production for local consumption （log production, lumber manufacturing and processing, and consumption all taking place within the prefecture）, and induced production value under this scenario was approximately 3.5 times greater than the value in an unadjusted scenario （a scenario that represents the current lumber distribution in Kyoto Prefecture）. Only four scenarios in which sites of manufacturing and processing were configured to be within the prefecture resulted in a ratio of induced production value greater than 1. While the production value was barely induced for silviculture and log production in scenarios in which log production occurs outside of the prefecture, the results show an induced production value of approximately 0.4 million yen and 1 million yen for silviculture and log production, respectively, in scenarios in which the production sites were located within the prefecture.
{"title":"Influence of Distribution Scenario of Local Wood on the Economic Ripple Effect in the Local Region","authors":"Yuki Fuchigami, Takaaki Kuyama, Hirotaka Komata, K. Kojiro, Y. Furuta","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.65.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.226","url":null,"abstract":"In order to identify the economic ripple effect on a local target area from the use of local wood, an input-output analysis of interindustry relationships was performed to calculate induced production values and induced gross added values for nine distribution scenarios. Our study was conducted by using an input-output table with Kyoto prefecture as the local target area. Final demand was assumed to be 8.132 million yen. As a result, the economic ripple effect was maximized in a scenario based on local production for local consumption （log production, lumber manufacturing and processing, and consumption all taking place within the prefecture）, and induced production value under this scenario was approximately 3.5 times greater than the value in an unadjusted scenario （a scenario that represents the current lumber distribution in Kyoto Prefecture）. Only four scenarios in which sites of manufacturing and processing were configured to be within the prefecture resulted in a ratio of induced production value greater than 1. While the production value was barely induced for silviculture and log production in scenarios in which log production occurs outside of the prefecture, the results show an induced production value of approximately 0.4 million yen and 1 million yen for silviculture and log production, respectively, in scenarios in which the production sites were located within the prefecture.","PeriodicalId":49800,"journal":{"name":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43751726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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