Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2237296
Y.X. Kang, Y. Bai, Y. Wang, X. Su
{"title":"Degradation and failure of a novel double-layer LC/YSZ thermal barrier coating in a burner rig corrosion test","authors":"Y.X. Kang, Y. Bai, Y. Wang, X. Su","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2237296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2237296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76082699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-11DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2220229
R. Higginson, G. Tatlock
{"title":"Microscopy of oxidation 11","authors":"R. Higginson, G. Tatlock","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2220229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2220229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84470814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2222522
N. Hiyoshi, Y. Saitou
ABSTRACT The high-temperature creep properties of Ti43Al5V4Nb were investigated experimentally and analyzed numerically. Creep testing of forged Ti43Al5V4Nb at 650°C and 760°C was conducted to investigate the creep rupture lifetime and high-temperature properties. Steady-state and accelerated creep regions were dominant in the high-temperature environment, indicating rupture ductility. The creep rupture lifetime in the range of 600°C−800°C was evaluated uniformly using the Larson – Miller and Orr – Sherby–Dorn parameters. The θ-projection method can be used to draw creep curves for experimental data up to a lifetime ratio of 0.9, and it was possible to represent the strain immediately before rupture.. The creep rupture lifetime could be predicted within a factor of two using the predicted minimum strain rate and the Monkman – Grant law. A Blackburn-type method was found to represents the transition and steady-state creep ranges accurately. Thesemethods were effective in predicting the 1% strain occurrence time
{"title":"Creep rupture lifetime evaluation and creep deformation analysis using θ-projection and Blackburn-type methods for forged Ti43Al5V4Nb","authors":"N. Hiyoshi, Y. Saitou","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2222522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2222522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The high-temperature creep properties of Ti43Al5V4Nb were investigated experimentally and analyzed numerically. Creep testing of forged Ti43Al5V4Nb at 650°C and 760°C was conducted to investigate the creep rupture lifetime and high-temperature properties. Steady-state and accelerated creep regions were dominant in the high-temperature environment, indicating rupture ductility. The creep rupture lifetime in the range of 600°C−800°C was evaluated uniformly using the Larson – Miller and Orr – Sherby–Dorn parameters. The θ-projection method can be used to draw creep curves for experimental data up to a lifetime ratio of 0.9, and it was possible to represent the strain immediately before rupture.. The creep rupture lifetime could be predicted within a factor of two using the predicted minimum strain rate and the Monkman – Grant law. A Blackburn-type method was found to represents the transition and steady-state creep ranges accurately. Thesemethods were effective in predicting the 1% strain occurrence time","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89388960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875
B. Pint, Y. F. Su, M. Lance, R. Pillai, J. Keiser
ABSTRACT Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO2. 1 A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO2 at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.
直接燃烧的超临界二氧化碳(sCO2)动力循环正在商业化，以彻底改变化石能源作为低排放的动力来源。为了降低这项技术的成本，在循环的较低温度部分需要更便宜的钢材。然而，人们担心在sCO2中钢的内部渗碳。一个一致的观察是，与9-12% Cr铁素体-马氏体钢上形成的厚的富铁氧化物相比，薄的富Cr氧化物似乎减少了C的进入。先进的奥氏体不锈钢(SS)，如709合金(20Cr-25Ni)能够在650°C下继续形成富cr氧化物，而传统的316 H SS形成富铁垢。在550°C - 650°C温度下，采用辉光放电光谱法和电子探针显微分析方法对SS样品中的C扩散谱进行定量分析。采用透射电镜分析方法，比较了709合金在650℃下在sCO2中形成的薄层富cr保护氧化物与在环境空气中形成的富cr保护氧化物。
{"title":"Internal carburization and scale formation on austenitic steels in supercritical carbon dioxide","authors":"B. Pint, Y. F. Su, M. Lance, R. Pillai, J. Keiser","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO2. 1 A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO2 at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81025771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2219877
A. Potter, J. Sumner, N. Simms
ABSTRACT Gas turbine materials often feature precipitates containing refractory metals to enhance their mechanical strength. This can make them susceptible to alloy-induced acidic fluxing whereby refractory elements increase the acidity of salt deposits. It is not clear to what degree degradation around alloy precipitates is caused by alloy-induced hot corrosion mechanisms, or the inability to develop a protective scale where precipitates are located. The effect of alloy-induced hot corrosion was isolated from the disruption of the protective-scale formation by adding particles of molybdenum to the 80/20 (Na/K)2SO4 deposit for a ‘deposit re-coat’ style hot corrosion test. The resulting morphologies were compared to samples exposed without the addition of molybdenum. Morphology changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. Results show a mix of sulphidation and pitting. The effects of molybdenum additions appear more severe for MarM 509 compared to PWA 1483.
{"title":"Further investigations into alloy induced acidic fluxing","authors":"A. Potter, J. Sumner, N. Simms","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2219877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2219877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gas turbine materials often feature precipitates containing refractory metals to enhance their mechanical strength. This can make them susceptible to alloy-induced acidic fluxing whereby refractory elements increase the acidity of salt deposits. It is not clear to what degree degradation around alloy precipitates is caused by alloy-induced hot corrosion mechanisms, or the inability to develop a protective scale where precipitates are located. The effect of alloy-induced hot corrosion was isolated from the disruption of the protective-scale formation by adding particles of molybdenum to the 80/20 (Na/K)2SO4 deposit for a ‘deposit re-coat’ style hot corrosion test. The resulting morphologies were compared to samples exposed without the addition of molybdenum. Morphology changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. Results show a mix of sulphidation and pitting. The effects of molybdenum additions appear more severe for MarM 509 compared to PWA 1483.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73127939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2219876
Yuchen Cai, Xuteng Xi, Jianqiang Zhang, B. Gleeson, D. Young
ABSTRACT A Ni-25Cr (wt.%) alloy coated with the salts and mixtures of these salts with an industrial coal ash was exposed to Ar-60CO2-20 H2O at 650 °C for 300 h. The alloy without any deposit developed a uniform internal oxidation zone (IOZ) and an external metallic nickel layer surmounted by a thin NiO scale. Salt deposits changed the scale constituents and morphology. Predominantly, a duplex scale of NiO over a Cr2O3 layer grew with an underlying IOZ containing large Cr-rich oxide precipitates. Under a deposit of ash plus salts, the basic reaction morphology was the same as in the gas-only case, but the oxide layer was non-uniform. Local voids were formed within the alloy beneath chloride plus ash deposits. Under ash with sulphates, the alloy formed both partially protected areas and non-protective multi-layered scales. Spherical ash particles were enveloped by NiO in both salt-ash deposits.
{"title":"Effects of salt and ash deposits on corrosion behaviour of Ni-25Cr in Ar-60CO2-20H2O gas at 650 oC","authors":"Yuchen Cai, Xuteng Xi, Jianqiang Zhang, B. Gleeson, D. Young","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2219876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2219876","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A Ni-25Cr (wt.%) alloy coated with the salts and mixtures of these salts with an industrial coal ash was exposed to Ar-60CO2-20 H2O at 650 °C for 300 h. The alloy without any deposit developed a uniform internal oxidation zone (IOZ) and an external metallic nickel layer surmounted by a thin NiO scale. Salt deposits changed the scale constituents and morphology. Predominantly, a duplex scale of NiO over a Cr2O3 layer grew with an underlying IOZ containing large Cr-rich oxide precipitates. Under a deposit of ash plus salts, the basic reaction morphology was the same as in the gas-only case, but the oxide layer was non-uniform. Local voids were formed within the alloy beneath chloride plus ash deposits. Under ash with sulphates, the alloy formed both partially protected areas and non-protective multi-layered scales. Spherical ash particles were enveloped by NiO in both salt-ash deposits.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87916732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2213579
Gea T. van de Kerkhof, Jessica M. Walker, Surabhi Agrawal, S. Clarke, M. Sk, Dominic J. Craske, R. Lindsay, Michael Dowhyj, Ayomide Osundare, Manfred E. Schuster, J. Parker
ABSTRACT Studying chemical reactions in an environment that closely mimics the system’s natural operating conditions can offer crucial insights into dynamic oxidation processes. Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs) and X-ray Nanoprobes allow the use of imaging and spectroscopy to access nanoscale chemical and structural information about these processes. However, the controlled operating conditions and constraints make the design and implementation of in situ sample environments challenging. Here, we outline the setup of an in situ liquid sample environment for the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline (I14) at Diamond Light Source. The liquid environment allows for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of samples exposed to liquid flow, with heating up to 80℃. The capability is demonstrated with an example experiment studying iron corrosion. The design of the sample cell offers the prospect of combining X-ray and electron microscopy for the in situ multi-length scale imaging and spectroscopy of samples in liquid.
{"title":"An in situ liquid environment for synchrotron hard X-ray nanoprobe microscopy","authors":"Gea T. van de Kerkhof, Jessica M. Walker, Surabhi Agrawal, S. Clarke, M. Sk, Dominic J. Craske, R. Lindsay, Michael Dowhyj, Ayomide Osundare, Manfred E. Schuster, J. Parker","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2213579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2213579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studying chemical reactions in an environment that closely mimics the system’s natural operating conditions can offer crucial insights into dynamic oxidation processes. Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs) and X-ray Nanoprobes allow the use of imaging and spectroscopy to access nanoscale chemical and structural information about these processes. However, the controlled operating conditions and constraints make the design and implementation of in situ sample environments challenging. Here, we outline the setup of an in situ liquid sample environment for the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline (I14) at Diamond Light Source. The liquid environment allows for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of samples exposed to liquid flow, with heating up to 80℃. The capability is demonstrated with an example experiment studying iron corrosion. The design of the sample cell offers the prospect of combining X-ray and electron microscopy for the in situ multi-length scale imaging and spectroscopy of samples in liquid.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72433849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2205744
Boma Phoebe Norman, Hisham Al Baroudi, A. Potter, S. Mori, N. Simms, Anand Kulkarni, J. Sumner
ABSTRACT Global power consumption is predicted to double by 2050, notably driven by the transportation and energy sectors necessitating limitations of emissions. Due to its compact turbomachinery, better thermal efficiency, and simpler layout, supercritical-CO2 cycles have received attention, with numerous variations proposed (either indirect-fired/closed cycles or direct-fired-open cycles). One technical challenge is degradation pathway quantification of turbine materials in sCO2 as selection is crucial to successfully and economically operate new plants. This requires degradation assessment in representative environments simulating the Allam cycle. Laboratory tests were conducted on a first stage turbine blade alloy, CM247, with either an environmentally resistant coating or bond coat/thermal barrier coat at one atmosphere and 800°C, with potential exposure including (O2, H2O, N2, SO2) for up to 1000 h. Weight change and metallographic measurements tracked scale development. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studied scales and internal precipitates. Locations of contaminant element in the CO2-rich environment were investigated.
{"title":"Corrosion of Potential First Stage Blade Materials in Simulated Supercritical CO2","authors":"Boma Phoebe Norman, Hisham Al Baroudi, A. Potter, S. Mori, N. Simms, Anand Kulkarni, J. Sumner","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2205744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2205744","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Global power consumption is predicted to double by 2050, notably driven by the transportation and energy sectors necessitating limitations of emissions. Due to its compact turbomachinery, better thermal efficiency, and simpler layout, supercritical-CO2 cycles have received attention, with numerous variations proposed (either indirect-fired/closed cycles or direct-fired-open cycles). One technical challenge is degradation pathway quantification of turbine materials in sCO2 as selection is crucial to successfully and economically operate new plants. This requires degradation assessment in representative environments simulating the Allam cycle. Laboratory tests were conducted on a first stage turbine blade alloy, CM247, with either an environmentally resistant coating or bond coat/thermal barrier coat at one atmosphere and 800°C, with potential exposure including (O2, H2O, N2, SO2) for up to 1000 h. Weight change and metallographic measurements tracked scale development. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studied scales and internal precipitates. Locations of contaminant element in the CO2-rich environment were investigated.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88060802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2208956
Xudong Wang, Zhong-Xi Yang, Peisen Lv, Lirong Liu
ABSTRACT The effects of μ phase and M23C6 carbide on microstructure and creep properties of DD5 single-crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure at 1000°C were investigated in detail. It was found that during thermal exposure at 1000°C, the needle-like μ phase and granular M23C6 carbide were mainly precipitated in dendrite arm and interdendritic regions, respectively. The amount of precipitated phases rose with increasing exposure time. Under the condition of 1038ºC/172 MPa, compared with the sample after standard heat treatment, the creep life of sample exposed for 500 h was increased by 38% due to the precipitation of a large number of M23C6 particles, while that exposed for 1000 h was reduced by 60% due to the precipitation of more μ phase and degradation of γ′ phase. Furthermore, tensile stress could also promote the precipitation of μ phase and M23C6 carbide.
{"title":"Effect of precipitation behaviour of μ phase and M23C6 carbide on microstructure and creep properties of DD5 single-crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure","authors":"Xudong Wang, Zhong-Xi Yang, Peisen Lv, Lirong Liu","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2208956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2208956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of μ phase and M23C6 carbide on microstructure and creep properties of DD5 single-crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure at 1000°C were investigated in detail. It was found that during thermal exposure at 1000°C, the needle-like μ phase and granular M23C6 carbide were mainly precipitated in dendrite arm and interdendritic regions, respectively. The amount of precipitated phases rose with increasing exposure time. Under the condition of 1038ºC/172 MPa, compared with the sample after standard heat treatment, the creep life of sample exposed for 500 h was increased by 38% due to the precipitation of a large number of M23C6 particles, while that exposed for 1000 h was reduced by 60% due to the precipitation of more μ phase and degradation of γ′ phase. Furthermore, tensile stress could also promote the precipitation of μ phase and M23C6 carbide.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1080/09603409.2023.2205754
B. Pint, Y.-F. Su, D. Sulejmanovic, R. Pillai
ABSTRACT There is considerable interest in molten chloride salts for several applications including thermal storage and next-generation molten salt reactors (MSRs). Several studies have concluded that Cl salts are highly corrosive to structural materials. Using Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s established methodology, Cl salt compatibility was assessed for candidate Ni-based alloys 230, 600 and 740 H at 600°–800°C in static welded capsules and in flowing thermal convection loop (TCL) salt experiments. Simply drying commercial Cl salt at 550°–650°C and adding~0.05 wt.%Mg was able to produce small specimen mass changes and limited surface attack after 100–1000 h exposures. Intentional additions of H2O, NiCl2 and undried salt were used to better understand the role of impurities and achieve the>50 µm levels of attack reported in other studies. Characterisation of Cr depletion and oxide formation in conjunction with pre- and post-test salt chemistry measurements are being used to understand salt compatibility of structural materials.
{"title":"Characterization of Fe and Cr Dissolution and Reaction Product Formation in Molten Chloride Salts With and Without Impurities","authors":"B. Pint, Y.-F. Su, D. Sulejmanovic, R. Pillai","doi":"10.1080/09603409.2023.2205754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2205754","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is considerable interest in molten chloride salts for several applications including thermal storage and next-generation molten salt reactors (MSRs). Several studies have concluded that Cl salts are highly corrosive to structural materials. Using Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s established methodology, Cl salt compatibility was assessed for candidate Ni-based alloys 230, 600 and 740 H at 600°–800°C in static welded capsules and in flowing thermal convection loop (TCL) salt experiments. Simply drying commercial Cl salt at 550°–650°C and adding~0.05 wt.%Mg was able to produce small specimen mass changes and limited surface attack after 100–1000 h exposures. Intentional additions of H2O, NiCl2 and undried salt were used to better understand the role of impurities and achieve the>50 µm levels of attack reported in other studies. Characterisation of Cr depletion and oxide formation in conjunction with pre- and post-test salt chemistry measurements are being used to understand salt compatibility of structural materials.","PeriodicalId":49877,"journal":{"name":"Materials at High Temperatures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77910764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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