Hafez Ahmad, Felix Jose, Md. Shaiful Islam, Shakila Islam Jhara
Abstract The coastal zone of Bangladesh is of immense importance and provides a myriad of services and functions, including fisheries resources, sustaining biodiversity, supporting trade and transportation, and holding visually pleasing monuments and recreational opportunities for the country's economic growth and the well-being of its people. The article highlights the significant efforts made by the Government of Bangladesh toward promoting the blue economy, including the development of renewable energy programs (wind farms), sustainable tourism, fisheries aquaculture, and working on a long-term plan for coastal zone management. The study also examines the challenges facing Bangladesh's marine and coastal fisheries, including overfishing, indiscriminate catch and kill of juveniles, and marine pollution. Additionally, the article discusses the growing popularity of mariculture, especially seaweed culture, in the coastal waters of Bangladesh as an alternative to dwindling marine fisheries. Research also highlights the need for greater efforts toward the conservation and sustainable management of marine and coastal resources, including fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, to ensure their long-term viability and economic benefits for the country.
{"title":"Green Energy, Blue Economy: Integrating Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development for Bangladesh","authors":"Hafez Ahmad, Felix Jose, Md. Shaiful Islam, Shakila Islam Jhara","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The coastal zone of Bangladesh is of immense importance and provides a myriad of services and functions, including fisheries resources, sustaining biodiversity, supporting trade and transportation, and holding visually pleasing monuments and recreational opportunities\u0000 for the country's economic growth and the well-being of its people. The article highlights the significant efforts made by the Government of Bangladesh toward promoting the blue economy, including the development of renewable energy programs (wind farms), sustainable tourism, fisheries aquaculture,\u0000 and working on a long-term plan for coastal zone management. The study also examines the challenges facing Bangladesh's marine and coastal fisheries, including overfishing, indiscriminate catch and kill of juveniles, and marine pollution. Additionally, the article discusses the growing popularity\u0000 of mariculture, especially seaweed culture, in the coastal waters of Bangladesh as an alternative to dwindling marine fisheries. Research also highlights the need for greater efforts toward the conservation and sustainable management of marine and coastal resources, including fisheries, aquaculture,\u0000 and tourism, to ensure their long-term viability and economic benefits for the country.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study analyzes the formation, reversal, and variation of the South China Sea Western Boundary Current (SCSWBC) by nine trajectories of Beidousatellite-tracked drifters, combined with reanalysis current data and satellite remote sensing wind data. It is indicated that: (1) the maximum current speeds of Drifters 1490016, 1490026, 1488526, 862259, and 927745 exceed 1.5 m/s, with the speed of Drifter 862259 even reaching 2.3 m/s in the strong current region of the SCSWBC; (2) the SCSWBC in autumn can be sourced from either the northeastward current in the central South China Sea in summer or the westward current in the northeastern South China Sea in September; (3) the monsoon wind transition is attributed for the formation, disappearance, and reversal of the SCSWBC from summer to autumn; and (4) the interannual variation of the SCSWBC mainly depends on the transition time of the monsoon wind.
{"title":"Drifter-Observed Reversal of the South China Sea Western Boundary Current From Summer to Autumn","authors":"Zhiyuan Hu, Longqi Yang, Zhaozhang Chen, Jia Zhu, Zhenyu Sun, Jianyu Hu","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes the formation, reversal, and variation of the South China Sea Western Boundary Current (SCSWBC) by nine trajectories of Beidousatellite-tracked drifters, combined with reanalysis current data and satellite remote sensing wind data. It is indicated\u0000 that: (1) the maximum current speeds of Drifters 1490016, 1490026, 1488526, 862259, and 927745 exceed 1.5 m/s, with the speed of Drifter 862259 even reaching 2.3 m/s in the strong current region of the SCSWBC; (2) the SCSWBC in autumn can be sourced from either the northeastward current in\u0000 the central South China Sea in summer or the westward current in the northeastern South China Sea in September; (3) the monsoon wind transition is attributed for the formation, disappearance, and reversal of the SCSWBC from summer to autumn; and (4) the interannual variation of the SCSWBC\u0000 mainly depends on the transition time of the monsoon wind.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"53 S4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malarkodi Amirthalingam, S. Lokhande, Thirunavukkarasu Ayyadurai, Latha Ganesan, G. Potty
Abstract Shallow Water Acoustic Vector Sensor Array AutoNomous System (SVAAN) is a passive acoustic monitoring system using vector sensors. Acoustic vector sensors measure acoustic pressure and particle velocity, and an array of such sensors are very useful in underwater source localization. SVAAN is thus developed for surveillance applications in coastal waters and designed for a 100-m depth rating. The main objective of this work is to present SVAAN that is developed as a sea bed mounted system, consisting of two vector sensors and four hydrophones. In addition, an inertial sensor has been included to measure the system orientation when deployed. This was deployed as a bottom mounted unit in the shallow waters of South-West Bay of Bengal to measure the noise from boats/ships and localize the source. The acoustic data are analyzed, Direction of Arrival is estimated using Multiple Signal Classification for source localization, and the performance of SVAAN is studied. In addition to that, the tracking of boat noise has been estimated from the experiment data. Results and further enhancement of the system are discussed.
{"title":"Shallow Water Acoustic Vector Sensor Array AutoNomous System (SVAAN) for Coastal Surveillance Applications","authors":"Malarkodi Amirthalingam, S. Lokhande, Thirunavukkarasu Ayyadurai, Latha Ganesan, G. Potty","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shallow Water Acoustic Vector Sensor Array AutoNomous System (SVAAN) is a passive acoustic monitoring system using vector sensors. Acoustic vector sensors measure acoustic pressure and particle velocity, and an array of such sensors are very useful in underwater\u0000 source localization. SVAAN is thus developed for surveillance applications in coastal waters and designed for a 100-m depth rating. The main objective of this work is to present SVAAN that is developed as a sea bed mounted system, consisting of two vector sensors and four hydrophones. In addition,\u0000 an inertial sensor has been included to measure the system orientation when deployed. This was deployed as a bottom mounted unit in the shallow waters of South-West Bay of Bengal to measure the noise from boats/ships and localize the source. The acoustic data are analyzed, Direction of Arrival\u0000 is estimated using Multiple Signal Classification for source localization, and the performance of SVAAN is studied. In addition to that, the tracking of boat noise has been estimated from the experiment data. Results and further enhancement of the system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Q. Donaldson, Andy von Flotow, Shaju John, Justin Goff, Oleg Yakimenko, Rob Brodie
Abstract This paper discusses the day and night capability of a newly developed optical sensing suite flown on manned and unmanned aircraft in Monterey Bay and Santa Barbara, CA, during 2022 to detect marine mammals. New developments of electro-optical sensors integrated on medium and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide cost-effective, qualitative sensing of marine biodiversity, to include species identification. Processing of captured imagery in both day and night applications has proven effective in removing surface-level reflections and background noise, which allows sensing of subsurface marine life to several attenuation lengths. Leveraging bioluminescence as a natural image enhancement phenomenon along with advanced signal processing of imagerycaptured by this sensing suite improves the quality of nighttime detection and species identification. Concepts and applications for this sensing suite integrated on UAV platforms for ocean food-chain modeling and maritime traffic avoidance are discussed, including deployment strategies for the Channel IslandsNational Marine Sanctuary off the California coast.
{"title":"Improve Ocean Sensing Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Thomas Q. Donaldson, Andy von Flotow, Shaju John, Justin Goff, Oleg Yakimenko, Rob Brodie","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper discusses the day and night capability of a newly developed optical sensing suite flown on manned and unmanned aircraft in Monterey Bay and Santa Barbara, CA, during 2022 to detect marine mammals. New developments of electro-optical sensors integrated\u0000 on medium and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide cost-effective, qualitative sensing of marine biodiversity, to include species identification. Processing of captured imagery in both day and night applications has proven effective in removing surface-level reflections\u0000 and background noise, which allows sensing of subsurface marine life to several attenuation lengths. Leveraging bioluminescence as a natural image enhancement phenomenon along with advanced signal processing of imagerycaptured by this sensing suite improves the quality of nighttime detection\u0000 and species identification. Concepts and applications for this sensing suite integrated on UAV platforms for ocean food-chain modeling and maritime traffic avoidance are discussed, including deployment strategies for the Channel IslandsNational Marine Sanctuary off the California coast.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper proposes a new concept of the ocean exploration method using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in cooperation. Conventional ocean survey by AUVs is supported by a ship and humans for deployment, recovery, and positioning during its survey. Therefore, it has been difficult to survey shallow areas that are inaccessible by ships or far from the land without a ship. In this study, however, this problem is solved by using the UAV to support the entire process from the beginning to the end of the survey. The UAV also acts as a positioning reference station for the AUV by deploying an acoustic positioning system. This allows the AUV to perform ocean exploration while estimating its position relative to the UAV. Sea experiments were conducted using a small AUV and UAVs, demonstrating that although the UAVs were manually controlled, the UAV and AUV can perform the entire exploration process from the beginning to the end, and especially that the AUV can estimate its position based on the UAV.
{"title":"Cooperative Ocean Survey Method by a UAV and an AUV: State Estimation of the AUV Based on the UAV","authors":"Takumi Matsuda, Yusuke Yokota","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a new concept of the ocean exploration method using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in cooperation. Conventional ocean survey by AUVs is supported by a ship and humans for deployment, recovery, and positioning\u0000 during its survey. Therefore, it has been difficult to survey shallow areas that are inaccessible by ships or far from the land without a ship. In this study, however, this problem is solved by using the UAV to support the entire process from the beginning to the end of the survey. The UAV\u0000 also acts as a positioning reference station for the AUV by deploying an acoustic positioning system. This allows the AUV to perform ocean exploration while estimating its position relative to the UAV. Sea experiments were conducted using a small AUV and UAVs, demonstrating that although the\u0000 UAVs were manually controlled, the UAV and AUV can perform the entire exploration process from the beginning to the end, and especially that the AUV can estimate its position based on the UAV.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"21 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser Saadeldin, Mohamed M. Elgohary, Maged Abdelnaby, Mohamed R. Shouman
Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has imposed strict regulations to limit marine emissions because the maritime sector is expanding around the world, producing large amounts of emissions that are harmful to the atmosphere. Green alternative fuels, such as biofuels derived from biomass and electrofuels derived from syngas sources, play critical roles in meeting IMO requirements for clean energy with zero emissions. This study presents a brief review of two types of green fuels: 1) the production of biofuels from biomass sources by using various methods, such as the gasification process and the pyrolysis process, as well as the effectiveness of adding a variety of catalysts, and 2) electrofuels as a new method to oppose global warming by employing various carbon capture strategies and renewable hydrogen production based on water electrolysis. Following that, the significant effect of using these green fuels in marine applications is discussed. Overall, the primary goal of this article is to provide data for researchers and industrialists interested in biofuels and electrofuels as promising alternatives to fossil fuels. A large portion of the existing literature published in highly regarded journals, including the most recently published reports, is analyzed.
{"title":"Biofuels and Electrofuels as Alternative Green Fuels for Marine Applications: A Review","authors":"Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser Saadeldin, Mohamed M. Elgohary, Maged Abdelnaby, Mohamed R. Shouman","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has imposed strict regulations to limit marine emissions because the maritime sector is expanding around the world, producing large amounts of emissions that are harmful to the atmosphere. Green alternative fuels, such as biofuels derived from biomass and electrofuels derived from syngas sources, play critical roles in meeting IMO requirements for clean energy with zero emissions. This study presents a brief review of two types of green fuels: 1) the production of biofuels from biomass sources by using various methods, such as the gasification process and the pyrolysis process, as well as the effectiveness of adding a variety of catalysts, and 2) electrofuels as a new method to oppose global warming by employing various carbon capture strategies and renewable hydrogen production based on water electrolysis. Following that, the significant effect of using these green fuels in marine applications is discussed. Overall, the primary goal of this article is to provide data for researchers and industrialists interested in biofuels and electrofuels as promising alternatives to fossil fuels. A large portion of the existing literature published in highly regarded journals, including the most recently published reports, is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melodie Grasso, Luis Pomales Velázquez, Lora Van Uffelen
Abstract The Seaglider, a type of underwater glider, is a relatively quiet vehicle in comparison with propelled autonomous underwater vehicles, making it a desirable acoustic receiving platform. Vehicle operations, such as pumping/bleeding oil to change buoyancy, shifting/rotating the battery to change pitch/roll, and oceanographic data collection, do, however, produce some self-noise. This system performance study analyzes the prevalence, frequency content, duration, and levels of self-noise associated with vehicle operations using data collected with a passive acoustic monitoring system mounted on the body of a Seaglider vehicle. Guidance and control functions, including pitch, roll, and buoyancy changes, were the major source of platform noise, producing broadband noise ranging from less than a second to over 3 min in duration, with sound pressure levels of 120‐145.5 dB re 1μPa. Frequencies below 10 kHz were the most impacted by self-noise, with a maximum 1/3 octave level of 137.5 dB re 1μPa in the 2.5kHz band caused by the pumping of oil in the variable buoyancy device. Guidance and control changes occurred during 4%‐13% of the dive for dives greater than 500 m. The bulk of these operations, however, were performed near the surface and apogee of the dive and typically affected only about 6% of the dive cycle duration for deep dives.
与推进式自主水下航行器相比，滑翔机是一种相对安静的水下航行器，是理想的声学接收平台。然而，车辆操作，如泵注/放油以改变浮力，移动/旋转电池以改变俯仰/横摇，以及海洋数据收集，确实会产生一些自噪声。该系统性能研究分析了与车辆运行相关的自噪声的普遍性、频率内容、持续时间和水平，使用安装在Seaglider车辆车身上的被动声学监测系统收集的数据。包括俯仰角、横摇和浮力变化在内的制导和控制功能是平台噪声的主要来源，产生的宽带噪声持续时间从不到1秒到超过3分钟，声压级为120‐145.5 dB / 1μPa。在10 kHz以下频率受自噪声影响最大，在2.5kHz频段由变浮力装置抽油引起的自噪声最大1/3倍频级为137.5 dB re 1μPa。在超过500米的潜水中，引导和控制发生变化的时间为4% ~ 13%。然而，这些操作中的大部分都是在潜水的表面和远地点附近进行的，通常只影响深潜周期持续时间的6%左右。
{"title":"Quantifying Self-Noise of the Seaglider AUV Using a Passive Acoustic Monitor","authors":"Melodie Grasso, Luis Pomales Velázquez, Lora Van Uffelen","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Seaglider, a type of underwater glider, is a relatively quiet vehicle in comparison with propelled autonomous underwater vehicles, making it a desirable acoustic receiving platform. Vehicle operations, such as pumping/bleeding oil to change buoyancy, shifting/rotating the battery to change pitch/roll, and oceanographic data collection, do, however, produce some self-noise. This system performance study analyzes the prevalence, frequency content, duration, and levels of self-noise associated with vehicle operations using data collected with a passive acoustic monitoring system mounted on the body of a Seaglider vehicle. Guidance and control functions, including pitch, roll, and buoyancy changes, were the major source of platform noise, producing broadband noise ranging from less than a second to over 3 min in duration, with sound pressure levels of 120‐145.5 dB re 1μPa. Frequencies below 10 kHz were the most impacted by self-noise, with a maximum 1/3 octave level of 137.5 dB re 1μPa in the 2.5kHz band caused by the pumping of oil in the variable buoyancy device. Guidance and control changes occurred during 4%‐13% of the dive for dives greater than 500 m. The bulk of these operations, however, were performed near the surface and apogee of the dive and typically affected only about 6% of the dive cycle duration for deep dives.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wildlife research in the polar regions has historically been limited by the logistical constraints of site access, but recent developments in the use of satellite imagery for animal detection has unlocked new possibilities for pan-Arctic and pan-Antarctic monitoring of animal populations. A range of different sensor systems have been used for wildlife research, but most have focused on optical sensors that collect data in the visible spectrum and can be directly interpreted similar to a photograph. These include medium-resolution sensors like Landsat (30 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 m) and very high-resolution sensors such as Maxar's Worldview-2 (51 cm) and Worldview-3 (31 cm). These long-established satellite systems have been joined more recently by constellations of smaller satellites (so-called “Small Sats”) that offer imagery of comparable spatial and spectral resolution to those operated by Maxar. This rapidly expanding portfolio of earth observation satellites offers the potential for a radical transformation of wildlife research in polar regions, but the sheer volume of data being collected now eclipses our capacity for manual imagery interpretation. To meet this challenge, researchers are now harnessing advances in computer vision that, coupled with improvements in computing capacity, promise to deliver a new era in our ability to monitor polar wildlife.
{"title":"Satellite Remote Sensing for Wildlife Research in the Polar Regions","authors":"Heather J. Lynch","doi":"10.4031/mtsj.57.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wildlife research in the polar regions has historically been limited by the logistical constraints of site access, but recent developments in the use of satellite imagery for animal detection has unlocked new possibilities for pan-Arctic and pan-Antarctic monitoring of animal populations. A range of different sensor systems have been used for wildlife research, but most have focused on optical sensors that collect data in the visible spectrum and can be directly interpreted similar to a photograph. These include medium-resolution sensors like Landsat (30 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 m) and very high-resolution sensors such as Maxar's Worldview-2 (51 cm) and Worldview-3 (31 cm). These long-established satellite systems have been joined more recently by constellations of smaller satellites (so-called “Small Sats”) that offer imagery of comparable spatial and spectral resolution to those operated by Maxar. This rapidly expanding portfolio of earth observation satellites offers the potential for a radical transformation of wildlife research in polar regions, but the sheer volume of data being collected now eclipses our capacity for manual imagery interpretation. To meet this challenge, researchers are now harnessing advances in computer vision that, coupled with improvements in computing capacity, promise to deliver a new era in our ability to monitor polar wildlife.","PeriodicalId":49878,"journal":{"name":"Marine Technology Society Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135580162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：