Luminescence最新文献

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) integrated with nanomaterial-based quenchers have emerged as an innovative platform for developing advanced sensing systems. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent sensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of hydroxylamine (HA). Through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis approach, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles (N,S-CNPs) were successfully prepared using dimethylamine hydrochloride and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as precursors. The synthesized N,S-CNPs demonstrated exceptional fluorescence properties, achieving a remarkably high quantum yield of 50%, along with outstanding water solubility, photostability, and chemical stability. The fluorescence emission of N,S-CNPs could be effectively quenched by manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanosheets through a combined mechanism of inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching effect (SQE). Notably, HA induced the redox-mediated decomposition of MnO₂ nanosheets, converting MnO₂ to Mn²⁺ ions and consequently restoring the fluorescence of N,S-CNPs (turn-on response). Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.1–200 μM) with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.04 μM. The sensor demonstrated excellent analytical performance in real-world applications, successfully detecting HA in lake and river water samples with high accuracy and reliability. These findings highlight the great potential of this fluorescent sensing platform for environmental monitoring and water quality assessment.

Forensic science relies on sensitive, selective, and reliable detection of trace evidence, often present in minute quantities within complex matrices. Traditional techniques, despite being well-established, are costly, time-consuming, and poorly suited for on-site analysis. Nanotechnology leverages unique physicochemical properties—high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement, tunable optical/electronic behavior, and surface functionalization—to enhance forensic detection of drugs, explosives, gunshot residues, toxicants, DNA, and latent fingerprints. This review critically evaluates the mechanistic foundations, comparative performance, and translational potential of noble metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanostructures, semiconductor quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hybrid nano-composites. We discuss their roles in optical, electrochemical, catalytic, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based systems, emphasizing field-deployable platforms, microfluidic integration, and portable devices. Key challenges including reproducibility, stability, safety, and legal admissibility are highlighted, providing a roadmap for next-generation forensic tools that bridge laboratory innovation with real-world applicability.

Warfarin is a well-established oral anticoagulant with decades of clinical application. Structurally, it selectively binds to Site 1 on serum albumin and contains a coumarin scaffold that confers intrinsic fluorescent characteristics, enabling potential bioimaging and drug delivery applications. Herein, a warfarin-based supramolecular nanoprobe was successfully fabricated through the self-assembly of a complex composed of water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) and a warfarin-derived guest molecule (WFY). WFY exhibited strong intrinsic fluorescence and demonstrated selective fluorescence responsiveness toward bovine serum albumin (BSA). Interestingly, the complexation of WFY with WP5 did not alter its fluorescent properties. The WP5 ⊃ WFY complex inherently displayed robust intrinsic fluorescence, which was further selectively amplified upon its interaction with BSA. Moreover, the WP5 ⊃ WFY complex, being amphiphilic, self-assembled into spherical supramolecular nanoparticles. These nanoparticles possessed favorable doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity. The drug-loaded nanoparticles DOX@WP5 ⊃ WFY exhibited physiologically stable yet rapid drug release properties in acidic environments. Additionally, the WP5 ⊃ WFY nanoparticles exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and excellent cell imaging capabilities. After loading with DOX, they enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX while retaining their good cell imaging properties. The warfarin-based supramolecular nanoprobe holds potential as a promising carrier for theranostic strategies in cancer research and treatment.

A new green spectrofluorometric method was developed for the sensitive and accurate determination of brexpiprazole (BXZ), a newly approved antipsychotic for schizophrenia. The method relies on ion-pair complex formation between BXZ and Aizen Food Red 3 (AFR 3) dye. The method monitors the natural fluorescence of AFR 3 dye, excited at 530 nm with emission at 550 nm, which is quenched upon ion-pair complexation with BXZ. Experimental parameters for optimizing the BXZ–AFR 3 complex formation were thoroughly investigated. The fluorescence quenching showed a linear response to BXZ concentrations from 150.00 to 1800.00 ng/mL. The method demonstrated excellent sensitivity, with limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 47.92 ng/mL and 145.21 ng/mL, respectively. The method's reliability and accuracy were confirmed through the study of the method's validation following ICH guidelines, making it suitable for assessing the uniformity of the BXZ in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method's environmental impact was comprehensively assessed using several tools. Additionally, its overall “whiteness” and “blueness” were evaluated using the innovative RGB12 and BAGI ranking systems. This multifaceted approach not only ensures precise BXZ quantification but also establishes a new benchmark for sustainable analytical chemistry in pharmaceutical research and quality control.

The synthesis of nanoparticles typically involves sophisticated equipment, significant energy consumption, and the use of hazardous chemicals. However, there is a growing trend to adopt sustainable methods by leveraging plants and microorganisms for nanoparticle fabrication. In this study, Aerva lanata (A. lanata) extract was employed to synthesize environmentally friendly, highly stable, and biocompatible nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs). Various characterization techniques were used to investigate the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized Ni NPs. UV–Vis spectra revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 450 nm, confirming their optical properties. XRD analysis indicated the formation of highly crystalline Ni NPs. FTIR spectroscopy identified the vibrational frequencies associated with the nanocomposites. SEM and EDX demonstrated the nanoparticles' uniform polygonal and spherical morphologies, with an average particle size up to 40 nm, while SAED patterns confirmed their crystallographic planes. The Ni NPs were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus, S. albus, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis. The results showed that Ni NPs achieved 100% fungal inhibition and 85% bacterial inhibition, highlighting their potential as effective antimicrobial agents.

New types of red fluorescent conversion materials promote the application of solid-state lighting technology. In this study, we successfully prepared Eu-doped strontium fluorophosphate (Sr₅(PO₄)₃F:Eu) red-emitting transparent glass ceramics (GCs) with SrF₂-Zn₂SO₄-P₂O₅-H₃BO₃ glass matrix using a melt-quenching method. GCs were obtained by heating precursor glass (PG). After the obtained Sr₅(PO₄)₃F:Eu GCs (GC120) were thermally treated at 610°C for 120 min, they exhibited a transmittance of 48% in the range of 500–800 nm, achieving a stronger luminescence intensity and longer fluorescence lifetime than PG. The CIE 1931 color coordinates of GC120 were in the red region (0.643, 0.357), and its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was 37.9%. Finally, using GC120 as the red phosphors, white-light LEDs with a correlated color temperature of 5356 K and R_a = 84.6 (color render index) were obtained. Hence, Sr₅(PO₄)₃F:Eu GCs are promising red phosphors for white-light LEDs under UV-LED excitation.

Brown algal fucoidan (FUC) has attracted significant interest as an active ingredient in various medical applications. Advancing analytical methods for FUC is essential to support the broader utilization of brown algal resources. In this research we developed an environmentally friendly sensitive fluorescent probe for FUC determination by AuNPs–chitosan core–shell nanocomposites. The prepared core–shells were visualized as uniform monodispersed spherical particles with a dense core, transparent shell and a particle distribution of 8.33 ± 2.48 nm. The colloidal solution of the nanocomposites exhibited a localized surface plasmon resonance band at around 530 nm and a blue emission peak at 394 nm after excitation at 310 nm. Owing to FUC's abundant sulfate moiety, it could interact with the positive surface charge of the prepared core–shells leading to fluorescence quenching that correlated to FUC concentration (R² = 0.991) over the range of 60–140 μg/mL with a detection limit of 11.81 μg/mL. The accuracy and precision of the prepared nanocomposites were evaluated by % recovery (98%–102%) and %RSD (< 2), respectively. Additionally, the developed method was successfully applied for FUC determination in lab-prepared capsule formulation. The environmental impact of the proposed technique was assessed using complex MoGAPI and Eco-scale showing excellent method greenness.

Mercury ions (Hg²⁺) pose severe environmental and health risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and neurotoxicity. Here, we report a fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive Hg²⁺ detection, constructed from cytosine-rich hairpin DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (hpDNA/Ag NCs). Through multiparameter optimization (DNA/Ag⁺ stoichiometry, reduction kinetics, surface passivation, and the DNA template design), the hpDNA/Ag NCs achieve a high quantum yield of 72.55% and exceptional stability, retaining fluorescence even after 3 months. The probe exhibits a linear response to Hg²⁺ (0.1–50 nM) with a 0.03 nM detection limit, which is enabled by selective fluorescence quenching via thymine–Hg²⁺–thymine coordination and Ag/Hg amalgam formation. Rigorous interference tests confirm specificity against 15 competing ions, including Ag⁺ and Pb²⁺. Successful application in spiked environmental water samples demonstrates recovery rates of 96%–106%, validating its practicality for real-world monitoring. This work establishes a cost-effective, sensitive, and field-deployable platform for Hg²⁺ detection, addressing critical gaps in environmental pollution control.

A polychromatic butterfly-shaped Schiff base probe DSP was designed and synthesized based on 2, 5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde and 4-hydrazineyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrobenzo [4, 5]thieno[2, 3-d]pyrimidine. DSP could monitor In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ sequentially, accompanied by the “yellow–orange–light green” multicolored change under the naked eye and the “off–on–off” fluorescence performance under the UV lamp in DMF/H₂O = 9/1. DSP showed high sensitivity and selectivity toward In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ in the presence of other metal ions with detection limits of 42 and 68 nM, respectively. The complex stoichiometry of DSP with target ions was determined to be 1:2 via Job's plot analysis, which was further verified by ESI-MS titration and theoretical calculations. DSP has been validated as a promising tool for detecting In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ in real-world water samples. Furthermore, a DSP test strip has been successfully developed, enabling on-the-spot detection of In³⁺ and Fe³⁺.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is required for turning chemical signals into electrical impulses in the olfactory system, and low levels in people with olfactory deficits result in olfactory dysfunction. A micellar-based spectrofluorimetric approach has been developed to quantify cAMP in human nasal secretions, offering an efficient tool for assessing cAMP. The proposed method is based on enhancing the native fluorescence intensity of cAMP by leveraging an optimized micellar system, where hydrogen bonds form between cAMP's hydroxyl and amine groups and the sulfate groups of sodium dodecyl sulfate, resulting in a significant rise in fluorescence emission at 342 nm upon excitation at 255 nm. The method was validated and demonstrated sensitive linearity and precision within the concentration range of 10–200 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification at 1 ng/mL. The method was used to compare cAMP levels in the nasal secretions of healthy people and patients with olfactory dysfunction, revealing significantly lower cAMP concentrations in the latter group. This finding highlights the significant role of cAMP in the olfactory process and how dysregulation contributes to olfactory dysfunctions. Because of its simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity, the technique can be used in clinical research diagnostic applications to explore olfactory disorders.