Journal of Voice最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Effects of Short- and Long-Term Exposure of Cigarette Smoke Extract on Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts","authors":"Barbara Steffan ,&nbsp;Tanja Grossmann ,&nbsp;Magdalena Grill ,&nbsp;Andrijana Kirsch ,&nbsp;Andrea Groselj-Strele ,&nbsp;Markus Gugatschka","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the effects of short- and long-term cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and inflammatory cytokines in an <em>in vitro</em> model for studying Reinke’s edema using human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF).</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Experimental pilot study using intervention with CSE <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Immortalized hVFF were pretreated with 5% CSE or control medium over a period of 2 or 8 weeks, followed by a final 3-day incubation time. We evaluated cell proliferation and examined gene and protein expression of control- and CSE-treated cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western Blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cell numbers of CSE-treated hVFF strongly decreased after 8 weeks and limited the overall duration of the experiment. We observed significant upregulations in gene expression and protein levels of inflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase COX1, COX2) and ECM components (decorin, matrix metalloproteinase 1, transglutaminase 2, gremlin 2) induced by CSE after 2 and 8 weeks. Interleukin 1 receptor 1, prostaglandin I2 synthase, collagen- and hyaluronan-related gene expression showed minor upregulations. The majority of the observed genes were similarly regulated at both time points. However, the CSE-induced mRNA level of COX1 was ablated after 8 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Long-term treatment did not yield results significantly different from the short-term protocol. Therefore, we propose that prolonged CSE exposure is not superior to short-term settings, which save both time and materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic analysis of normal voice patterns in North Indian population","authors":"Annanya Soni,&nbsp;Arijit Jotdar ,&nbsp;Dhruv Kapoor,&nbsp;Anna Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic analysis of voice provides objective values which can be used for treatment follow-up, comparison, and analysis. There are a variety of programs available for this purpose, but none of these provide a normative value. The reason being that the acoustic parameters vary with age, gender, and ethnicity. The study was done to create standardized values of acoustic parameters in north Indian Hindi speakers for clinical use.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the characteristics of voice of the north Indian Hindi speakers across the adult population based on acoustic measures of fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio and to observe the gender differences in these measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 62 (39 men and 23 women) voice samples from healthy normal voiced adults aged 18–40 years were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean fundamental frequency in males and females in the age group 18–25 is 156 and 262, respectively. Similarly mean fundamental frequency in males and females in the age group 26–40 is 141 and 253, respectively. Shimmer in the women (18–25) group and jitter in the men (26–40) group is not normally distributed. Rest all parameters were normally distributed across all groups. Fundamental frequency showed statistically significant gender differences in both the age groups.</div><div>Jitter and shimmer variables were statistically significant when compared between the two genders in the age group 26–40. Harmonic-to-noise ratio showed a statistically significant difference in the age group 18–25 among both genders. There exists statistically significant negative correlation between smoothed cepstral peak prominence and fundamental frequency, Pearson's r −0.479 (<em>P</em>-value &lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All acoustic parameters except intensity show a significant gender difference; however, the participants across each gender revealed no difference in acoustic parameters when segregated into age groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 251.e23-251.e28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41140752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cognitive Load on Voice Production: A Scoping Review","authors":"Mary Pyfrom,&nbsp;Jennifer Lister,&nbsp;Supraja Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Cognitive-motor interactions in speech production have a strong theoretical basis. However, majority of the existing literature has primarily focused on subjective and objective measures related to speech and not voice. This systematic review gathered evidence on the potential relationship between cognitive load and voice production. A search of five databases, website, citation review, and author search were completed in a sequential order to find published and unpublished literature from 1992 to 2022 using a combination of search terms including </span><em>voice, cognitive load/demand/effort/flexibility, dual task, and speech production</em>/<em>motor</em><span>. Studies for which the primary dependent variables were linguistic, or speech measures were included if voice acoustics was also measured and described. A final sample of nine articles were identified as meeting inclusion criteria: completed between 1992 and 2022, healthy adults (18+), and American English speakers. The review indicated that existing literature on the influence of cognitive load on voice production is limited. Acoustic measures, such as fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and cepstral peak prominence, do not show consistent patterns of change with an increase in cognitive load. It is likely that the inconsistencies in the speech or cognitive task type and measurement of individual reaction to cognitive load changes may have led to these varied results. Further research using a range/continuum of cognitive tasks varying in load/difficulty level and physiological measurements is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms of behavioral performance with implications for clinical voice assessment and rehabilitation.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 218-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrographic Voice Analysis Protocol (SAP): Convergent, Concurrent, and Accuracy Validity","authors":"Allan Carlos França da Silva ,&nbsp;Luiz Medeiros de Araújo Lima-Filho ,&nbsp;Anna Alice Almeida ,&nbsp;Hemílio Fernandes Campos Coêlho ,&nbsp;Vanessa Veis Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Leonardo Wanderley Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To verify the convergent and concurrent validity of the Spectrographic Voice Analysis Protocol (SAP) and its accuracy to discriminate dysphonic from nondysphonic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study used 82 vowel /Ɛ/ samples and their respective narrowband spectrograms, analyzed with SAP. Cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and cepstral peak prominence smoothed (CPPS) verified the convergent validity of the SAP total score, while the general grade of vocal deviation (GG) verified the concurrent validity of the SAP total score. The ROC (receive operator curve) curve and its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) verified the accuracy of the SAP score to discriminate dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>Dysphonic and nondysphonic had different SAP total scores. In the convergent validity, the SAP score had a weak and moderate negative correlation, respectively, with CPP and CPPS, as well as a moderate positive correlation with GG. SAP performed well in discriminating dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals (area under the curve = 82.0%; sensitivity = 91.7%; specificity = 51.7%; </span>PPV = 93.7%; NPV = 44.0%; LR+ = 6.21; LR− = 0.53) based on the 8-point cutoff score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SAP has convergent validity with CPP and CPPS and concurrent validity with GG. The SAP total score performed well in discriminating dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals. However, the specificity, NPV, and LR− values justify cautiously using SAP, always in combination with other information in clinical voice assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent and Effect of Covering Laryngeal Structures with Synthetic Laryngeal Mucus via Two Different Administration Techniques","authors":"Marion Semmler ,&nbsp;Sarina Lasar ,&nbsp;Franziska Kremer ,&nbsp;Laura Reinwald BA ,&nbsp;Fiori Wittig ,&nbsp;Gregor Peters ,&nbsp;Tobias Schraut ,&nbsp;Olaf Wendler ,&nbsp;Stefan Seyferth ,&nbsp;Anne Schützenberger ,&nbsp;Stephan Dürr","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The first goal of this study was to investigate the coverage of laryngeal structures using two potential administration techniques for synthetic mucus<span><span>: inhalation and lozenge </span>ingestion. As a second research question, the study investigated the potential effects of these techniques on standardized voice assessment parameters.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>Fluorescein was added to </span>throat lozenges and to an inhalation solution to visualize the coverage of laryngeal structures through blue light imaging. The study included 70 vocally healthy subjects. Fifty subjects underwent administration via lozenge ingestion and 20 subjects performed the inhalation process. For the first research question, the recordings from the blue light imaging system were categorized to compare the extent of coverage on individual laryngeal structures objectively. Secondly, a standardized voice evaluation protocol was performed before and after each administration to determine any measurable effects of typical voice parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>The administration via inhalation demonstrated complete coverage of all laryngeal structures, including the vocal folds<span><span>, ventricular folds, and arytenoid cartilages, as visualized by the </span>fluorescent dye. In contrast, the application of the lozenge predominantly covered the </span></span>pharynx<span> and laryngeal surface toward the aryepiglottic fold, but not the inferior structures. All in all, the comparison before and after administration showed no clear effect, although a minor deterioration of the acoustic signal was noted in the shimmer and cepstral peak prominence after the inhalation.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that the inhalation process is a more effective technique for covering deeper laryngeal structures such as the vocal folds and ventricular folds with synthetic mucus. This knowledge enables further <em>in vivo</em><span> studies on the role of laryngeal mucus in phonation in general, and how it can be substituted or supplemented for patients with reduced glandular activity as well as for heavy voice users.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Voice: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Abdul-Latif Hamdan,&nbsp;Jad Hosri,&nbsp;Patrick Abou Raji Feghali,&nbsp;Yara Yammine,&nbsp;Christophe Abi Zeid Daou,&nbsp;Christopher Jabbour","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on the effect of hypovitaminosis D on voice.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Narrative review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>The literature search from electronic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Search terms included voice, voice quality, voice disorders, larynx<span><span>, laryngology, </span>acoustic analysis, </span></span>vitamin D<span><span><span>, calcitriol, </span>cholecalciferol, </span>vitamin D<span> deficiency, and vitamin D insufficiency. All studies on patients with vitamin D deficiency, which included subjective and objective voice assessments, were reviewed.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>A total of 39 studies were retrieved. Only four studies met the above-mentioned inclusion criteria and hence were included in this review. The total number of subjects analyzed was 466. The subjective voice outcome measures used were the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), self-reported phonatory symptoms, and the GRBAS scale. Objective voice outcome measures included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, and </span>dysphonia severity index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency has no significant effect on laryngeal muscles<span>. There was no statistically significant difference in VHI-10 score, self-reported dysphonia<span>, perceptual voice evaluation scores, or any of the acoustic measures between those with or without vitamin D deficiency.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 256.e1-256.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications of Polydimethylsiloxane for Injection Laryngoplasty: Retrospective Case Series of 10 Patients Requiring Explant and Literature Review","authors":"Laura Lamprell,&nbsp;Matthew Broadhurst","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Polydimethylsiloxane<span> (PDMS) has been reported in the literature as a safe and permanent material for injection laryngoplasty (IL)</span></span>¹<span><span><span> We present a case series of 10 patients who had undergone PDMS-IL at external campuses which resulted in unsatisfactory voice outcomes and were managed with explant. A literature review on PDMS-IL associated complications is presented. In our series, seven out of ten patients (70%) with voice outcomes data, developed an improved voice post PDMS explant. Seven out of ten patients (70%) had improved vocal fold pliability with two patients (20%) having irretrievably damaged pliability due to the PDMS disturbing the superficial </span>lamina propria. All eight patients with specimens submitted for </span>histopathology<span><span> had foreign body inflammation reported. There were ten additional cases reported in the literature with post PDMS adverse outcomes managed with explant. In the literature, explant improved the voice in seven out of nine patients (78%) with reported voice outcomes and partially restored vocal fold pliability in five out of six patients (83%) which commented on this outcome. PDMS-IL carries a risk of irreversible loss of vocal fold pliability which should be informed to the patient as part of the preoperative </span>informed consent.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 257.e1-257.e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features Associated With High Risk of Recurrence in Saccular Laryngeal Cysts: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis","authors":"Cecilia Botti ,&nbsp;Francesco Chiari ,&nbsp;Arianna Burato ,&nbsp;Giulia Molinari ,&nbsp;Livio Presutti ,&nbsp;Gabriele Molteni ,&nbsp;Ignacio Javier Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Saccular cysts are rare benign anomalies of the larynx&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; (1.5% of laryngeal anomalies) determined by dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. They can be congenital or acquired. Clinical manifestation depends on the site of the cyst and the age of the patient. Children frequently have &lt;/span&gt;stridor&lt;span&gt; and dyspnea, while adults usually complain of dysphonia.The therapeutic approach can be surgical or nonsurgical (needle aspiration or drainage).However, guidelines on the management of this disease are lacking in the literature.This &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;systematic literature review was conducted through an interferential analysis with the aim of detecting the association between clinical, diagnostic, and operative factors and the recurrence of saccular cysts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This systematic literature review was evolved following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist statement&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Papers published up to August 2023 containing relevant clinical data were searched in Embase/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane database. Full texts lacking information on the patient’s data, clinical, radiological, and/or histological diagnosis of saccular cysts of the larynx were excluded. Articles with follow-up inferior to 6 months and not reporting any treatment of the cyst were excluded, too. Data concerning signs and symptoms, cyst characteristics, and the type of treatment were described, and the risk of recurrence was studied in association with these features. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ninety-eight articles were screened. One hundred two patients were involved in the analysis. The articles with low or intermediate risk of bias were 22 (8 case reports and 14 case series) and they were included in the statistical analysis. Median age was 25 years (range 0–81). Saccular cysts were congenital (46/102, 45%) of cases acquired (56/102, 55%). Relying on the available data, all patients were symptomatic, with stridor&lt;span&gt; as the main symptom (59%). Surgical approach was performed in 85% of cases, while drainage or needle aspiration of the cyst was the treatment of choice in the remaining 25% of cases. Twenty-four percent of patients had recurrence of the disease within 3 months. Median age at recurrence was 9 years. Cysts characteristics, preoperative management, and type of treatment were associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Saccular cysts are rare congenital or acquired laryngeal diseases&lt;span&gt;. Data regarding their management and factors associated with the risk of recurrence are still limited. Congenital cysts treated conservatively have a higher risk of recurrence than acquired cysts treated by open surgical techniques or by microlaryngoscopy. A be","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 258.e7-258.e16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Automated Vocal Mode Classification in Healthy Singing Voice—An XGBoost Decision Tree-Based Machine Learning Classifier","authors":"Jeroen Sol ,&nbsp;Mathias Aaen ,&nbsp;Cathrine Sadolin ,&nbsp;Louis ten Bosch","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auditory-perceptual assessment is widely used in clinical and pedagogical practice for speech and singing voice, yet several studies have shown poor intra- and inter-rater reliability in both clinical and singing voice contexts. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning offer models for automated classification and have demonstrated discriminatory power in both pathological and healthy voice. This study develops and tests an XGBoost decision tree based machine learning classifier to develop automated vocal mode classification in healthy singing voice. Classification models trained on mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, MFCC-Zero-Time Windowing, glottal features, voice quality features, and α-ratios demonstrated 92% average F1-score in distinguishing metallic and non-metallic singing for male singers and 87% average F1-score for female singers. The model distinguished vocal modes with 70% and 69% average F1-score for male and female samples, respectively. Model performance was compared to human auditory-perceptual assessments of 64 corresponding samples performed by 41 professional singers. The model performed with approximating or subpar performance to human assessors on task-matched problems. The XGBoost gains observed across tested features reveal that the most important attributes for the tested classification problems were MFCCs and α-ratios between high and low frequency energy, with models trained on only these features achieving performance not statistically significantly different from the best tested models. The best automated models in this study do not yet match human auditory-perceptual discrimination but improve on previously reported F1-average accuracies in automated classification in singing voice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 251.e1-251.e16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Histoanatomy of the Epiglottis and Pre-epiglottic Space of the Chimpanzee Larynx","authors":"Kiminori Sato ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nishimura ,&nbsp;Kiminobu Sato ,&nbsp;Fumihiko Sato ,&nbsp;Shun-ichi Chitose ,&nbsp;Hirohito Umeno","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><span>Understanding of the evolution of the larynx clarifies the physiology and functional histoanatomy of the present-day human organ. Comparative histoanatomy of the </span>epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space of the chimpanzee larynx (a hominid, phyletic closest relative of humans) was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two normal adult chimpanzee larynges obtained from natural deaths were investigated. The whole organ serial section technique was employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The histoanatomical structures of the chimpanzees’ epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space were considerably similar to those of human adults.</div><div>The chimpanzees’ epiglottic cartilage was relatively thin and composed of elastic cartilage. These histologic findings of epiglottis indicate that the chimpanzee’s epiglottis is flexible and plays the role of retroflection.</div><div><span>The chimpanzees’ larynges had a pre-epiglottic space composed of adipose tissue and </span>loose connective tissue<span>. Epiglottic cartilage was connected to the thyroid<span> cartilage anteroinferiorly with an intervening thyroepiglottic ligament and to the hyoid bone anteriorly with an intervening hyoepiglottic ligament.</span></span></div><div>These histoanatomical structures of the epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space reflect the fact that chimpanzees have a descended larynx and acquire the pharyngeal space of the vocal tract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the process of evolution, the histoanatomical structures of the epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space change and allow the larynx to descend and lengthen the pharyngeal space of the vocal tract which facilitates speech production in humans. Moreover, the distribution of the human pre-epiglottic space likely allows the epiglottis to more effectively play the role of retroflection during swallowing in order to prevent aspiration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}