Purpose
To characterize the cardiovascular (CV) effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation through systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods
A systematic literature review was performed from 1990 to 2025. The search strategy included key words for TIPS creation, cardiac-related terms (eg, heart, CV, mitral, atrial, and ventricular), and clinical outcomes (eg, survival, mortality, and decompensation). Eligible articles were English language studies with >5 patients reporting CV outcomes after TIPS creation. Outcome measures included hemodynamic changes, CV index alterations, CV decompensation, and mortality. Data were aggregated, and pooled estimated effects were reported.
Results
Thirty-two articles with 4,452 patients were included. Right atrial pressure (RAP) (+5.2 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.0–6.2; P < .001), cardiac output (CO) (+1.9 L/min; 95% CI, 1.3–2.7; P < .001), cardiac index (CI) (+1.0 L/min/m2; 95% CI, 0.6–1.4; P < .001), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (+8.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.1–13.1; P = .006), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (5.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, 2.1–9.3; P = .010), and E/A ratio (+0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.4; P = .016) significantly increased immediately after TIPS creation. RAP and E/A ratio returned to baseline 1–6 months after TIPS creation, whereas CO, CI, PAP, and PCWP did not. The pooled incidence of post-TIPS cardiac decompensation was 9% (95% CI, 4%–21%). One-year cardiac mortality rate was 3% (95% CI, 2%–5%). Diastolic dysfunction was associated with increased 1-year post-TIPS mortality (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.43–3.59; P = .001).
Conclusions
Transient CV changes and cardiac decompensation can occur after TIPS creation. Diastolic dysfunction may predict cardiac mortality.
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