{"title":"Andrew Scull, Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry’s Turbulent Quest to Cure Mental Illness","authors":"Victoria N Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capitalizing a Cure: How Finance Controls the Price and Value of Medicines. Victor Roy","authors":"Erin L Paterson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1882, William Osler wrote "Professional Notes among the Indian Tribes about Great Slave Lake, NWT," a fantastical essay that purportedly described the sexual and obstetric customs of Indigenous peoples residing in the Canadian Northwest. Originally prepared as a prank, "Professional Notes," along with Osler's alter ego Egerton Yorrick Davis, became an elaborate inside joke that circulated widely among the medical elite for decades after Osler's death. In this essay, I trace the history and afterlife of "Professional Notes," considering both the colonial context of its creation as well as the reasons for its enduring popularity. I argue that "Professional Notes" both reflected and reinforced the anti-Indigenous racism that permeated the medical profession, particularly during its consolidation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. I also make a methodological argument for the study of joking within the history of medicine, presenting "Professional Notes" as a powerful example of the role humour has played in shaping medical culture.
1882年,威廉·奥斯勒(William Osler)撰写了《印第安部落关于西北大奴隶湖的专业笔记》(Professional Notes among the Indian Tribes about Great Slave Lake, NWT),这是一篇奇妙的文章,据称描述了居住在加拿大西北部的土著居民的性和产科习俗。《专业笔记》原本是一个恶作剧,与奥斯勒的另一个自我埃格顿·约里克·戴维斯(Egerton Yorrick Davis)一起,成为一个精心设计的内部笑话,在奥斯勒去世后的几十年里,在医学精英中广泛流传。在这篇文章中,我追溯了“专业笔记”的历史和后世,考虑到其创作的殖民背景以及它经久不衰的原因。我认为,"专业笔记"既反映又加强了弥漫在医学界的反土著种族主义,特别是在19世纪末和20世纪初医学界巩固期间。我还对医学史上的玩笑研究进行了方法论论证,将“专业笔记”作为幽默在塑造医学文化中所起作用的有力例子。
{"title":"\"A Vile Custom\": The Strange Career of William Osler's \"Professional Notes\".","authors":"Jenna Healey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1882, William Osler wrote \"Professional Notes among the Indian Tribes about Great Slave Lake, NWT,\" a fantastical essay that purportedly described the sexual and obstetric customs of Indigenous peoples residing in the Canadian Northwest. Originally prepared as a prank, \"Professional Notes,\" along with Osler's alter ego Egerton Yorrick Davis, became an elaborate inside joke that circulated widely among the medical elite for decades after Osler's death. In this essay, I trace the history and afterlife of \"Professional Notes,\" considering both the colonial context of its creation as well as the reasons for its enduring popularity. I argue that \"Professional Notes\" both reflected and reinforced the anti-Indigenous racism that permeated the medical profession, particularly during its consolidation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. I also make a methodological argument for the study of joking within the history of medicine, presenting \"Professional Notes\" as a powerful example of the role humour has played in shaping medical culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Envisioning African Intersex: Challenging Colonial and Racist Legacies in South African Medicine, Amanda Lock Swarr","authors":"Jacob Ivey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life Worth Living: Disability, Pain, and Morality, Joel Michael Reynolds","authors":"Alexandra Pucciarelli","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Contagion of Liberty: The Politics of Smallpox in the American Revolution, Andrew M. Wehrman","authors":"S. Naramore","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blood Relations: Transfusion and the Making of Human Genetics, Jenny Bangham","authors":"Aisling Shalvey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While most are aware of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments in which African American syphilis patients went untreated, less is known about experiments with malaria fever therapy conducted upon syphilis patients during the same period by the Unites States Public Health Service at the Williams Laboratory on the grounds of the South Carolina State Hospital (SCSH) in Columbia, SC. Over a twenty-year period, physicians maintained patients as malaria reservoirs for patient-to-patient inoculation and subjected patients to extreme fevers and thousands upon thousands of insect bites as part of a program in which one disease was tested as therapy for another. Using extant administrative files, medical journals from the period, and a database created from SCSH annual reports, this paper considers the ethics of malaria fever therapy experiments while exposing the conditions under which patients suffered the intersecting oppressions of race, class, and mental illness. It illuminates the prevalent scientific racism of the period that enabled pseudo-medical assumptions about African Americans' perceived penchant for poverty, deviant sex, and pain tolerance, which combined to enable a culture of experimentation that influenced events at Stateville Penitentiary and continued long after penicillin became widely available.
{"title":"An Ill-bred Culture of Experimentation: Malaria Therapy and Race in the United States Public Health Service Laboratory at the South Carolina State Hospital, 1932-1952.","authors":"Bradford Charles Pelletier","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While most are aware of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments in which African American syphilis patients went untreated, less is known about experiments with malaria fever therapy conducted upon syphilis patients during the same period by the Unites States Public Health Service at the Williams Laboratory on the grounds of the South Carolina State Hospital (SCSH) in Columbia, SC. Over a twenty-year period, physicians maintained patients as malaria reservoirs for patient-to-patient inoculation and subjected patients to extreme fevers and thousands upon thousands of insect bites as part of a program in which one disease was tested as therapy for another. Using extant administrative files, medical journals from the period, and a database created from SCSH annual reports, this paper considers the ethics of malaria fever therapy experiments while exposing the conditions under which patients suffered the intersecting oppressions of race, class, and mental illness. It illuminates the prevalent scientific racism of the period that enabled pseudo-medical assumptions about African Americans' perceived penchant for poverty, deviant sex, and pain tolerance, which combined to enable a culture of experimentation that influenced events at Stateville Penitentiary and continued long after penicillin became widely available.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the second half of the twentieth century, concerns about problems in the doctor-patient relationship gave way to a new medical discourse on suffering, owed largely to the work of American physician Eric Cassell. This article tracks the development of his theory of suffering and its global success in transforming tragic medical experiences into diagnosable clinical entities. Beginning with his intellectual development in the 1960s, this article traces Cassell's initial interest in suffering first to his early research on truth-telling and autonomy, followed by his pioneering work in bioethics. Although closely aligned with philosophy, much of the institutional success of bioethics came from American law, which affected Cassell's theorizing. At the same time, doctors experienced a growth in medical malpractice lawsuits, driven in large part by costly "pain and suffering" awards, which the medical community sought to curb by encouraging legislatures to codify informed consent. The success of these efforts mandated that doctors disclose previously withheld bad news capable of causing suffering. The cultural changes that followed these disclosures became Cassell's impetus, while legal pain and suffering supplied much of his theory's language and concepts.
{"title":"Pathologizing Pathos: Suffering, Technocentrism, and Law in Twentieth-Century American Medicine.","authors":"Charlotte Duffee","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the second half of the twentieth century, concerns about problems in the doctor-patient relationship gave way to a new medical discourse on suffering, owed largely to the work of American physician Eric Cassell. This article tracks the development of his theory of suffering and its global success in transforming tragic medical experiences into diagnosable clinical entities. Beginning with his intellectual development in the 1960s, this article traces Cassell's initial interest in suffering first to his early research on truth-telling and autonomy, followed by his pioneering work in bioethics. Although closely aligned with philosophy, much of the institutional success of bioethics came from American law, which affected Cassell's theorizing. At the same time, doctors experienced a growth in medical malpractice lawsuits, driven in large part by costly \"pain and suffering\" awards, which the medical community sought to curb by encouraging legislatures to codify informed consent. The success of these efforts mandated that doctors disclose previously withheld bad news capable of causing suffering. The cultural changes that followed these disclosures became Cassell's impetus, while legal pain and suffering supplied much of his theory's language and concepts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article The Great Inoculator: The Untold Story of Daniel Sutton and his Medical Revolution. Gavin Weightman Get access Gavin WeightmanThe Great Inoculator: The Untold Story of Daniel Sutton and his Medical RevolutionNew Haven : Yale University Press, 2020. 208 pp. Andrew M Wehrman Andrew M Wehrman Central Michigan University, USA wehrm1am@cmich.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad068 Published: 04 November 2023
《伟大的接种者:丹尼尔·萨顿不为人知的故事和他的医学革命》。伟大的接种者:丹尼尔·萨顿不为人知的故事和他的医学革命纽黑文:耶鲁大学出版社,2020年。208页Andrew M Wehrman Andrew M Wehrman中密歇根大学,美国wehrm1am@cmich.edu搜索作者的其他作品:Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad068出版日期:2023年11月4日
{"title":"The Great Inoculator: The Untold Story of Daniel Sutton and his Medical Revolution. Gavin Weightman","authors":"Andrew M Wehrman","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad068","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article The Great Inoculator: The Untold Story of Daniel Sutton and his Medical Revolution. Gavin Weightman Get access Gavin WeightmanThe Great Inoculator: The Untold Story of Daniel Sutton and his Medical RevolutionNew Haven : Yale University Press, 2020. 208 pp. Andrew M Wehrman Andrew M Wehrman Central Michigan University, USA wehrm1am@cmich.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad068 Published: 04 November 2023","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}