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A City Without Care: 300 Years of Racism, Health Disparities & Health Care Activism in New Orleans. Kevin McQueeney 一个无人照顾的城市:300年的种族主义和健康差距新奥尔良的医疗保健运动。凯文McQueeney
3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad069
Christopher D E Willoughby
Journal Article A City Without Care: 300 Years of Racism, Health Disparities & Health Care Activism in New Orleans. Kevin McQueeney Get access A City Without Care: 300 Years of Racism, Health Disparities & Health Care Activism in New Orleans Kevin McQueeneyChapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. 286 pp. Christopher D E Willoughby Christopher D E Willoughby University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA Christopher.Willoughby@unlv.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad069, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad069 Published: 01 November 2023
一个没有关怀的城市:300年的种族主义,健康差距和新奥尔良的医疗保健活动。凯文·麦奎尼获得一个城市没有照顾:300年的种族主义,健康差距和医疗保健行动在新奥尔良凯文·麦奎尼教堂山:北卡罗来纳大学出版社,2023。286页Christopher D E Willoughby Christopher D E Willoughby内华达大学,拉斯维加斯,美国Christopher.Willoughby@unlv.edu搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术PubMed谷歌学者医学及相关科学史杂志,jrad069, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad069出版日期:2023年11月1日
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引用次数: 0
Operative Innovation and Surgical Conservatism in Twentieth-Century Ulcer Surgery. 二十世纪溃疡外科的手术创新与手术保守。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad065
Christopher Crenner

Peptic ulcers were a common, and seemingly intractable, problem for surgeons in the US through the early twentieth century. Initial surgical efforts reduced operative mortality and achieved short term successes but failed to establish a definitive solution. The flawed successes of early ulcer surgery drove sustained effort to improve, producing a stream of novel operations over the decades. An examination of the history of ulcer surgery confirms the recent observation that surgical operations of this period were malleable entities subject to constant tinkering and repurposing. Yet, this dynamism in surgical practice remained in tension with conservative pressures, as surgeons hung on to familiar practices and sought to codify agreement on which operation served best for which purpose. Ulcer surgery became a workshop for attempts to resolve this tension. In this context, a canon of recognized operations emerged that accommodated novelties while preserving in surgical discourse an awareness of older operations. Established operations that fell from use literally remained on the books for decades. This compromise between innovation and operative conservatism favored the creative reuse of older ulcer operations, some repurposed, and some combined with other operations in new modular configurations. Ulcer surgery demonstrated recurring patterns of operative repurposing, reconfiguration, and modular recombination. This feature of twentieth-century ulcer surgery also highlights the attachment in modern surgical culture to the historicity of their endeavor, manifested for example in the wide use of eponyms and a fondness for deep genealogies of mentoring and training.

二十世纪初,消化性溃疡是美国外科医生常见的、似乎难以解决的问题。最初的手术努力降低了手术死亡率,取得了短期成功,但未能确定最终的解决方案。早期溃疡手术有缺陷的成功推动了持续的改进努力,几十年来产生了一系列新颖的手术。对溃疡手术史的研究证实了最近的观察结果,即这一时期的手术是可塑的实体,需要不断地修补和调整用途。然而,手术实践中的这种活力仍然与保守的压力相矛盾,因为外科医生坚持熟悉的做法,并试图就哪种手术对哪种目的最有效达成一致。溃疡手术成为了一个试图解决这种紧张关系的研讨会。在这种背景下,出现了一套公认的手术规范,既容纳了新颖的手术,又在手术话语中保留了对旧手术的认识。从实际使用中消失的既定业务在账面上保留了几十年。这种创新和手术保守之间的折衷有利于创造性地重复使用旧的溃疡手术,有些重新调整用途,有些则与新的模块化配置中的其他手术相结合。溃疡手术显示了手术重新调整用途、重新配置和模块化重组的反复模式。20世纪溃疡手术的这一特点也突显了现代外科文化对其努力历史性的依恋,例如,广泛使用同名名称以及对指导和培训的深厚谱系的喜爱。
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引用次数: 0
Loose Attitudes: Politics of Self-Knowledge in Our Bodies, Ourselves and The House of God. 松散的态度:在我们的身体、我们自己和上帝之家中的自我认识的政治。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad025
Kim Adams

Readers of Samuel Shem's medical satire The House of God (1978) have long worried about the bad attitude of his main characters: young male internal medicine trainees. This article examines the interns' atrocious affections, using the feminist classic Our Bodies, Ourselves (1973) as a counterweight to the masculinist perspective of House of God. These radically different critiques of United States medicine derive from a shared sociopolitical context and represent a historically specific response to the personal politics of sexual liberation and self-actualization in the 1970s. I show that Shem and the Boston Women's Health Book Collective share a rhetorical strategy of "loose expertise" grounded in embodied knowledge, which connects both texts to the radical social movements of the late 1960s. Loose expertise enables institutional critique by shifting the domain of knowledge away from traditional structures of authority, but inhibits intersectional critique by essentializing the individual subject position of the author. The article concludes by examining the relationship of both texts to the medical humanities.

塞缪尔·舍姆(Samuel Shem)的医学讽刺作品《上帝之家》(The House of God,1978)的读者长期以来一直担心他的主要角色:年轻的男性内科实习生的不良态度。这篇文章用女权主义经典作品《我们的身体,我们自己》(1973)来平衡《上帝之家》中的男性主义视角,来审视实习生们残暴的情感。这些对美国医学截然不同的批评源于共同的社会政治背景,代表了对20世纪70年代性解放和自我实现的个人政治的历史性回应。我表明,Shem和波士顿妇女健康图书集体有一个基于具体知识的“松散专业知识”修辞策略,这将两本书与20世纪60年代末的激进社会运动联系起来。松散的专业知识通过将知识领域从传统的权威结构中转移出来,实现了制度批判,但通过将作者的个人主体地位本质化,抑制了交叉批判。文章最后考察了这两个文本与医学人文学科的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Healthcare Practitioners' Emotions and the Politics of Well-Being in Twentieth Century Anglo-America. 引言:二十世纪英美医疗从业者的情感与幸福政治。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad023
Jacob D Moses, Agnes Arnold-Forster, Samuel V Schotland

From the stress of burnout to the gratification of camaraderie, medicine is suffused with emotions that educators, administrators, and reformers have sought to shape. Yet historians of medicine have only begun to analyze how emotions have structured health care work. This introductory essay frames a special issue on health care practitioners' emotions in the twentieth-century United Kingdom and United States. We argue that the massive bureaucratic and scientific changes in medicine after the Second World War helped to reshape affective aspects of care. The articles in this issue emphasize the intersubjectivity of feelings in healthcare settings and the mutually constitutive relationship between patients' and providers' emotions. Bridging the history of medicine with the history of emotion demonstrates how emotions are instilled rather than innate, social as well as personal, and, above all else, change over time. The articles reckon with the power dynamics of healthcare. They address the policies and practices that institutions, organizations, and governments have implemented to shape, govern, or manage the affective experiences and well-being of healthcare workers. And they point to important new directions in the history of medicine.

从倦怠的压力到友情的满足,医学充满了教育工作者、管理者和改革者试图塑造的情感。然而,医学历史学家才刚刚开始分析情绪是如何构成医疗保健工作的。这篇介绍性文章是关于20世纪英国和美国医护人员情感的特刊。我们认为,第二次世界大战后医学的大规模官僚和科学变革有助于重塑护理的情感方面。本期文章强调了医疗环境中情感的主体间性,以及患者和提供者情感之间的相互构成关系。将医学史与情感史联系起来,表明情感是如何被灌输的,而不是天生的、社会的和个人的,最重要的是,随着时间的推移而变化。这些文章考虑了医疗保健的权力动态。它们涉及机构、组织和政府为塑造、管理或管理医护人员的情感体验和福祉而实施的政策和实践。它们指出了医学史上重要的新方向。
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引用次数: 0
Attending to Emotions, as both Caregivers and Historians. 照顾情感,既是照顾者又是历史学家。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad026
Scott H Podolsky
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引用次数: 0
Making a "Happy Hospital": Emotional Investment and Professional Identity Amongst Anglo-American Hospital Administrators. 打造“快乐医院”:英美医院管理者的情感投资与职业认同。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad022
Philip Begley

This article examines the place of emotion in modern hospital administration and the relationship between professional identities and emotional landscapes in the healthcare field. The focus is a broad emotional and philosophical investment that many administrators made in their work. In the United States and then in Britain, amidst rapid change in the practice and provision of health services, a new sense of professional identity emerged. This was often underpinned by a kind of emotional investment, one which had to be constructed and cultivated. Here formal training and education, collective identities, and a shared understanding of the kind of personal qualities required were important. The extent to which developments in Britain were influenced by best practice in the US is also striking. This process might best be understood as the further drawing out of established beliefs and ways of working rather than an abstract transfer of ideas and practices across the Atlantic, but there was a distinct Anglo-American dimension to the development of hospital administration.

本文探讨了情感在现代医院管理中的地位,以及医疗保健领域的职业身份和情感景观之间的关系。重点是许多管理人员在工作中进行的广泛的情感和哲学投资。在美国和英国,随着医疗服务的实践和提供的快速变化,出现了一种新的职业认同感。这通常是一种情感投资,一种必须构建和培养的投资。在这里,正规的培训和教育、集体身份以及对所需个人素质的共同理解很重要。英国的发展在多大程度上受到美国最佳实践的影响也令人震惊。这一过程最好被理解为对既定信念和工作方式的进一步借鉴,而不是跨越大西洋的抽象思想和实践转移,但医院管理的发展有着明显的英美层面。
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引用次数: 0
Wounded Healers: Abortion and the Affective Practices of Pro-Life Health Care. 受伤的治疗师:堕胎和生命关怀的情感实践。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad027
Megann Licskai

For some post-Roe abortion providers, the emotional cost of their abortion practice was untenable. By the 1980s, former abortion providers had become prominent anti-abortion advocates. Although physicians such as Beverly McMillan grounded their pro-life conversions in medical technologies and "fetological" research, affective connections to the fetus animated their activism. McMillan explained that through abortion practice, the medical profession - her vocation - had gone astray, and her pro-life activism was the cure to the resulting emotional damage. For these physicians, emotional well-being could only be recovered through principled attempts to right the perceived wrongs of the medical profession. Another group of emotionally-engaged pro-life health workers emerged from their pasts as abortion patients. Myriad post-abortion narratives followed the same trajectory: the woman reluctantly underwent an abortion, and was subsequently plagued by apathy, depression, grief, guilt, and substance-use disorders. Pro-life research came to understand this cluster of symptoms as Post-abortion Syndrome (PAS). Some women, such as Susan Stanford-Rue, opted to heal from their pain by becoming PAS counselors. Just as the "reformed" physicians combined their affective experiences with their medical expertise to argue against abortion, the counselors merged emotion and psychiatric language to redefine what it meant to be an "aborted woman" and therefore a PAS counselor. Examining pro-life publications, Christian counseling manuals, and activist speeches, this article argues that, for these activists, science and technology provided the rationale to make abortion unthinkable, but it was the activists' emotional framework that made this rationale pro-life in the first place.

对于一些后罗伊案堕胎服务提供者来说,他们堕胎行为的情感成本是站不住脚的。到20世纪80年代,前堕胎服务提供者已成为著名的反堕胎倡导者。尽管Beverly McMillan等医生将他们的反堕胎转变建立在医疗技术和“胎儿学”研究的基础上,但与胎儿的情感联系激发了他们的积极性。麦克米兰解释说,通过堕胎实践,医学职业——她的职业——已经误入歧途,而她的反堕胎行动主义是治疗由此造成的情感伤害的方法。对于这些医生来说,只有通过有原则地纠正医学界的错误,才能恢复情绪健康。另一群情绪激动的反堕胎卫生工作者从过去的堕胎患者中走了出来。无数堕胎后的故事都遵循着同样的轨迹:这名妇女不情愿地堕胎,随后受到冷漠、抑郁、悲伤、内疚和药物使用障碍的困扰。生命前研究将这一系列症状理解为流产后综合征(PAS)。一些女性,如Susan Stanford Rue,选择通过成为PAS顾问来治愈自己的痛苦。正如“改革”后的医生将他们的情感经历与医学专业知识相结合来反对堕胎一样,咨询师将情感和精神语言相结合,重新定义了“流产女性”的含义,从而重新定义了PAS咨询师的含义。通过查阅反堕胎出版物、基督教咨询手册和活动家演讲,本文认为,对这些活动家来说,科学和技术提供了使堕胎变得不可想象的理由,但正是活动家的情感框架使这种理由最初支持堕胎。
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引用次数: 0
Children, Sexual Abuse and the Emotions of the Community Health Practitioner in England and Wales, 1970-2000. 1970-2000年英格兰和威尔士社区卫生从业者的儿童、性虐待和情绪。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad024
Ruth Beecher

A survivor of child sexual abuse felt that doctors missed opportunities to notice her distress when, at fourteen, she had an unexplained illness that lasted for a year. The cause, she wrote, was "explained by Doctors as psychological, but nobody questioned further. WHY??? … If adults don't listen[,] then we have no one to turn to." For decades, community health practitioners have been identified as an important group in protecting children from maltreatment, but survivor testimony and agency statistics demonstrate that they rarely receive verbal disclosures or recognize the physical or behavioural warning signs of sexual abuse. The accounts we have of the 1980s tell of swiftly heightening professional awareness, followed by a visceral backlash in the latter part of the decade that discouraged practitioners from acting on their concerns. This article uses trade and professional journals, training materials, textbooks, and new oral histories to consider why community-based doctors and nurses have struggled to notice and respond to the sexually abused child. It will argue that the conceptual model of child sexual abuse that community health practitioners encountered in the workplace encouraged a mechanical and procedural response to suspicions of abuse. In a highly gendered and contested workplace, practitioners' feelings about how survivors, non-abusing family members, and perpetrators should be understood were rarely debated in training or in practice. The emotional cost to the practitioners of engagement with sexual abuse, and their need for spaces of reflexivity and structures of support, were ignored.

一名儿童性虐待幸存者在14岁时患上了一种持续了一年的不明原因疾病,她觉得医生错过了注意到她的痛苦的机会。她写道,原因“被医生解释为心理原因,但没有人进一步质疑。为什么???……如果成年人不听,那么我们就没有人可以求助。”几十年来,社区卫生从业者一直被认为是保护儿童免受虐待的重要群体,但幸存者的证词和机构统计数据表明,他们很少收到口头披露,也很少意识到性虐待的身体或行为警告信号。我们对20世纪80年代的描述表明,专业意识迅速提高,随后在本世纪后半叶出现了发自内心的反弹,阻碍了从业者对他们的担忧采取行动。这篇文章使用行业和专业期刊、培训材料、教科书和新的口述历史来思考为什么社区医生和护士很难注意到并回应性虐待儿童。它将辩称,社区卫生从业者在工作场所遇到的儿童性虐待的概念模型鼓励对虐待怀疑采取机械和程序性的反应。在一个性别歧视和竞争激烈的工作场所,从业者对幸存者、非虐待家庭成员和施暴者应该如何被理解的感受很少在培训或实践中进行辩论。从事性虐待的从业者的情感成本,以及他们对反射空间和支持结构的需求,都被忽视了。
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引用次数: 0
Opioid Reckoning: Love, Loss, and Redemption in the Rehab State. Amy C. Sullivan 阿片类药物清算:康复状态下的爱、损失和救赎。艾米·c·沙利文
3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad061
John A Carranza
Journal Article Opioid Reckoning: Love, Loss, and Redemption in the Rehab State. Amy C. Sullivan Get access Opioid Reckoning: Love, Loss, and Redemption in the Rehab State Amy C. SullivanMinneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 288 pp. John A Carranza John A Carranza University of Texas at Austin, USA jcarranz@utexas.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad061, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad061 Published: 15 September 2023
期刊文章阿片类药物清算:康复状态下的爱、损失和救赎。艾米·c·沙利文获得阿片类药物清算:爱,损失和救赎在康复状态艾米·c·沙利文明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,2021。288页约翰·A·卡兰萨美国奥斯汀德克萨斯大学约翰·A·卡兰萨jcarranz@utexas.edu搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术PubMed谷歌学者医学与相关科学史杂志,jrad061, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad061出版日期:2023年9月15日
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引用次数: 0
Emily A. Wentzell, Collective Biologies: Healing Social Ills through Sexual Health Research in Mexico Emily A. Wentzell,《集体生物学:通过墨西哥的性健康研究治愈社会弊病》
3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad058
Sara V Komarnisky
Journal Article Emily A. Wentzell, Collective Biologies: Healing Social Ills through Sexual Health Research in Mexico Get access Emily A. WentzellCollective Biologies: Healing Social Ills through Sexual Health Research in MexicoDurham: Duke University Press, 2022. 24XX pp. Sara V Komarnisky Sara V Komarnisky Aurora College, Yellowknife, Canada skomarnisky@auroracollege.nt.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad058, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad058 Published: 13 September 2023
期刊文章Emily A. Wentzell,集体生物学:通过墨西哥性健康研究治愈社会弊病获取Emily A. Wentzell集体生物学:通过墨西哥性健康研究治愈社会弊病杜伦:杜克大学出版社,2022。24XX pp. Sara V Komarnisky Sara V Komarnisky Aurora College, Yellowknife, Canada skomarnisky@auroracollege.nt.ca搜索作者的其他作品:Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medicine and Allied Sciences, jrad058, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad058出版日期:2023年9月13日
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
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