C. Sivaselvi, M. Rajaram, Lakshmi S. Warrier, P. Upadhya
Melioidosis is an infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in many regions, including Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, South Asia (including India), and China. The presentation of melioidosis varies from localized infection to systemic sepsis. The most common causes of septic emboli are Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and the Salmonella group, but here we reported a case of pulmonary septic emboli, necrotizing pneumonia, and septic arthritis in case of systemic melioidosis infection.
{"title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei - an unusual cause of septic embolism","authors":"C. Sivaselvi, M. Rajaram, Lakshmi S. Warrier, P. Upadhya","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12120","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis is an infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in many regions, including Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, South Asia (including India), and China. The presentation of melioidosis varies from localized infection to systemic sepsis. The most common causes of septic emboli are Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and the Salmonella group, but here we reported a case of pulmonary septic emboli, necrotizing pneumonia, and septic arthritis in case of systemic melioidosis infection.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"21 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Mixed Germ Cell Tumor (MGCT) is a rare tumor with a low degree of differentiation. The most common sites are yolk sac and astrocytoma. Usually, it is gonadal, but in 5% of cases, it can present as extragonadal. The most common extragonadal site is the mediastinum, where the mediastinal mass sometimes mimics thymoma, lymphoma, pericardial cyst, and also occasionally causes pericardial tamponade. The presentations vary, ranging from accidental findings on routine radiography to life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular compromission. We present an extragonadal MGCT case presenting as a mediastinal mass with symptoms of 1 year duration. The diagnosis was confirmed on Histopathological Examination (HPE) of surgically excised specimen. Given a possible life-threatening condition, a timely diagnosis is required.
{"title":"Germ cell tumor impersonating as a pleuropericardial cyst: a rare phenomenon","authors":"Gaurav Pandey, Sonisha Gupta, Parul Singhal, Syed Haider Mehdi Rizvi, Shubham Pandey, Shweta Mishra","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12119","url":null,"abstract":"A Mixed Germ Cell Tumor (MGCT) is a rare tumor with a low degree of differentiation. The most common sites are yolk sac and astrocytoma. Usually, it is gonadal, but in 5% of cases, it can present as extragonadal. The most common extragonadal site is the mediastinum, where the mediastinal mass sometimes mimics thymoma, lymphoma, pericardial cyst, and also occasionally causes pericardial tamponade. The presentations vary, ranging from accidental findings on routine radiography to life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular compromission. We present an extragonadal MGCT case presenting as a mediastinal mass with symptoms of 1 year duration. The diagnosis was confirmed on Histopathological Examination (HPE) of surgically excised specimen. Given a possible life-threatening condition, a timely diagnosis is required.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung cancer incidence is on the rise with increasing industrialization across the globe. Early diagnosis is the key to a better prognosis. In the current scenario, in developing countries, the majority are diagnosed late, when surgical or curable treatment is not possible, and only palliative treatment options are left. Bronchoscopy is the most widely used modality for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Perhaps, all its accessories are not widely used. Bronchial brush is an easy, cost effective, easily available, without significant complication rates, safe, feasible, with high specificity which offers early preliminary report where biopsy is not possible. It should be used along with biopsy to increase the yield and accuracy in all suspected lung cancer patients who require bronchoscopy.
{"title":"Bronchoscopic bronchial brush cytology: an underutilized modality for diagnosing lung cancer in resource limited facilities: a case series of nine patients","authors":"Aditi Gupta, R. B. Anet","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12033","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer incidence is on the rise with increasing industrialization across the globe. Early diagnosis is the key to a better prognosis. In the current scenario, in developing countries, the majority are diagnosed late, when surgical or curable treatment is not possible, and only palliative treatment options are left. Bronchoscopy is the most widely used modality for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Perhaps, all its accessories are not widely used. Bronchial brush is an easy, cost effective, easily available, without significant complication rates, safe, feasible, with high specificity which offers early preliminary report where biopsy is not possible. It should be used along with biopsy to increase the yield and accuracy in all suspected lung cancer patients who require bronchoscopy.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"696 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis is a communicable infective disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The most commonly involved organ is the lung (Pulmonary tuberculosis), however, MTB can affect any organ other than lungs; in this cases, it is known as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB), which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with EPTB can rarely develop ankle or foot arthritis, which usually is either misdiagnosed or diagnosed very late, leading to complications. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are very important to prevent permanent functional disability, thus a high suspicion, even in the absence of specific symptoms, is a must. We report a rare case of osteoarthritis of talus which was tubercular, and in which the patient responded well to treatment.
{"title":"Talus osteomyelitis - tubercular or not?","authors":"Nihdi Girdhar, Satyajit Deshpande, Pallav Agrawal","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12267","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a communicable infective disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The most commonly involved organ is the lung (Pulmonary tuberculosis), however, MTB can affect any organ other than lungs; in this cases, it is known as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB), which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with EPTB can rarely develop ankle or foot arthritis, which usually is either misdiagnosed or diagnosed very late, leading to complications. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are very important to prevent permanent functional disability, thus a high suspicion, even in the absence of specific symptoms, is a must. We report a rare case of osteoarthritis of talus which was tubercular, and in which the patient responded well to treatment.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinay V, S. Munjal, J. Saini, Gaurav Kumar Singh, Shibani Modi, Alpana Srivastava
Synchronous Lung Cancer primaries (SLC) are uncommon, with diverse underlying histology, constituting only a small proportion. The scarcity also poses a challenge in formulating a standardized diagnostic approach. Consequently, the diagnostic and staging challenges for SLC are heightened, particularly when the tumors are located on opposite sides of the chest. We report an exceptionally rare phenomenon in synchronous multiple primary lung cancers with simultaneous occurrence of two neuroendocrine tumors with endobronchial extension, small cell carcinoma and typical carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemistry proved valuable in confirming the diagnosis. Given the poor prognosis associated with such cases, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining appropriate treatment options.
{"title":"Synchronous multiple neuroendocrine primary lung cancer with endobronchial extension in a never smoker - An unusual manifestation","authors":"Vinay V, S. Munjal, J. Saini, Gaurav Kumar Singh, Shibani Modi, Alpana Srivastava","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12297","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronous Lung Cancer primaries (SLC) are uncommon, with diverse underlying histology, constituting only a small proportion. The scarcity also poses a challenge in formulating a standardized diagnostic approach. Consequently, the diagnostic and staging challenges for SLC are heightened, particularly when the tumors are located on opposite sides of the chest. We report an exceptionally rare phenomenon in synchronous multiple primary lung cancers with simultaneous occurrence of two neuroendocrine tumors with endobronchial extension, small cell carcinoma and typical carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemistry proved valuable in confirming the diagnosis. Given the poor prognosis associated with such cases, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining appropriate treatment options.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"49 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139594709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Anelli, F. Raimondi, Luca Novelli, C. Allegri, S. Bonetti, Carlo Catani, L. Malandrino, Elisabetta Candiago, Giuseppe Ciaravino, Andrea Gianatti, Fabiano Di Marco
A 62-years-old man former occasional smoker was hospitalized for progressive hearing loss and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) detected multiple round hyperdense lesions in each cerebral hemisphere. Total body Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a lobulated consolidative lesion on the right lung lower lobe associated to conglomerate lymph nodes (11R) suspected for primary lung cancer. Endoscopy showed an endobronchial invasion and integrated endobronchial ultrasound did not demonstrate any accessible lymph node for sampling. Forceps biopsy report on the endobronchial specimen led to histopathological diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. Skin and ophthalmologic examinations were negative for suspicious pigmented lesions findings and patient had no history of familiarity for melanoma. Malignant melanoma is rarely observed to metastasize to endobronchial tissue and it is represented only in the 4.5% of cases. The vast majority of endobronchial metastases are metachronous, even after several years. Nevertheless, the anachronous manifestations are possible.
{"title":"Hearing loss, why bronchial tree may be involved?","authors":"M. Anelli, F. Raimondi, Luca Novelli, C. Allegri, S. Bonetti, Carlo Catani, L. Malandrino, Elisabetta Candiago, Giuseppe Ciaravino, Andrea Gianatti, Fabiano Di Marco","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.12298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12298","url":null,"abstract":"A 62-years-old man former occasional smoker was hospitalized for progressive hearing loss and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) detected multiple round hyperdense lesions in each cerebral hemisphere. Total body Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a lobulated consolidative lesion on the right lung lower lobe associated to conglomerate lymph nodes (11R) suspected for primary lung cancer. Endoscopy showed an endobronchial invasion and integrated endobronchial ultrasound did not demonstrate any accessible lymph node for sampling. Forceps biopsy report on the endobronchial specimen led to histopathological diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. Skin and ophthalmologic examinations were negative for suspicious pigmented lesions findings and patient had no history of familiarity for melanoma. Malignant melanoma is rarely observed to metastasize to endobronchial tissue and it is represented only in the 4.5% of cases. The vast majority of endobronchial metastases are metachronous, even after several years. Nevertheless, the anachronous manifestations are possible.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anh Huynh-My, Bao Le-Khac, Nam Vu-Hoai, Lam Nguyen-Ho
Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) in the elderly is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition in the acute setting, but it can also persist in the clinical setting of neglected foreign body with chronic and subtle respiratory symptoms. Chest computed tomography scan can overlook radiolucent foreign bodies but prominently focal lesion and bibasilar bronchiectasis in the appropriate clinical setting should increase the suspicion of FBA. Here we reported a 75-year-old female patient with chronic cough induced by neglected airway foreign body. Bronchoscopic removal of the foreign body was performed successfully, and her cough improved enormously after that.
{"title":"Radiological distribution of bronchiectasis could be a clue for an infrequent cause of chronic cough","authors":"Anh Huynh-My, Bao Le-Khac, Nam Vu-Hoai, Lam Nguyen-Ho","doi":"10.4081/cdr.12.11980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.11980","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) in the elderly is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition in the acute setting, but it can also persist in the clinical setting of neglected foreign body with chronic and subtle respiratory symptoms. Chest computed tomography scan can overlook radiolucent foreign bodies but prominently focal lesion and bibasilar bronchiectasis in the appropriate clinical setting should increase the suspicion of FBA. Here we reported a 75-year-old female patient with chronic cough induced by neglected airway foreign body. Bronchoscopic removal of the foreign body was performed successfully, and her cough improved enormously after that.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A male patient, aged 70, with a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell cancer (cT4N2M0) affecting the Right Upper Lobe (RUL) of the lung. A further evaluation using Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning revealed a partial response in the RUL mass, along with the incidental discovery of a FB with a metal density in the Left Main Bronchus (LMB) measuring 640 Hounsfield Units (HU). The individual exhibited no symptoms and did not have any previous indications of foreign body aspiration. The subsequent bronchoscopic assessment revealed the presence of a circular and smooth FB in the LMB, specifically identified as a tablet.
{"title":"Metallic foreign body or an illusion?","authors":"Sanchit Mohan, Pavankumar Biraris, Maheema Bhaskar, Sandeep Tandon","doi":"10.4081/cdr.11.11890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.11.11890","url":null,"abstract":"A male patient, aged 70, with a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell cancer (cT4N2M0) affecting the Right Upper Lobe (RUL) of the lung. A further evaluation using Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning revealed a partial response in the RUL mass, along with the incidental discovery of a FB with a metal density in the Left Main Bronchus (LMB) measuring 640 Hounsfield Units (HU). The individual exhibited no symptoms and did not have any previous indications of foreign body aspiration. The subsequent bronchoscopic assessment revealed the presence of a circular and smooth FB in the LMB, specifically identified as a tablet.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134905689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Angela Vittoria Licata, Lucia Maria Porro, Giacomo Sgalla, Luca Richeldi
A 59-year-old patient without a history of pulmonary disease presented with episodes of hemoptysis and acute respiratory failure after receiving fulvestrant and palbociclib for metastatic breast cancer. The High-Resolution chest CT demonstrated diffuse ground glass opacities, as well as diffuse smooth thickening of the interlobular septa and peribronchovascular interstitium, which are consistent with Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease (DIILD). A few days of high-dose steroid therapy improved the patient's gas exchange from PaO2/FiO2 of 75 to 200. After hospital discharge, the oncologist resumed fulvestrant therapy, with no additional adverse events occurring during the subsequent follow-up.
{"title":"Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in a patient treated with a combination of palbociclib and fulvestrant","authors":"Maria Angela Vittoria Licata, Lucia Maria Porro, Giacomo Sgalla, Luca Richeldi","doi":"10.4081/cdr.2023.11679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.2023.11679","url":null,"abstract":"A 59-year-old patient without a history of pulmonary disease presented with episodes of hemoptysis and acute respiratory failure after receiving fulvestrant and palbociclib for metastatic breast cancer. The High-Resolution chest CT demonstrated diffuse ground glass opacities, as well as diffuse smooth thickening of the interlobular septa and peribronchovascular interstitium, which are consistent with Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease (DIILD). A few days of high-dose steroid therapy improved the patient's gas exchange from PaO2/FiO2 of 75 to 200. After hospital discharge, the oncologist resumed fulvestrant therapy, with no additional adverse events occurring during the subsequent follow-up.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A male patient, aged 70, with a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell cancer (cT4N2M0) affecting the Right Upper Lobe (RUL) of the lung. A further evaluation using Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning revealed a partial response in the RUL mass, along with the incidental discovery of a FB with a metal density in the Left Main Bronchus (LMB) measuring 640 Hounsfield Units (HU). The individual exhibited no symptoms and did not have any previous indications of foreign body aspiration. The subsequent bronchoscopic assessment revealed the presence of a circular and smooth FB in the LMB, specifically identified as a tablet.
{"title":"Metallic foreign body or an illusion?","authors":"Sanchit Mohan, Pavankumar Biraris, Maheema Bhaskar, Sandeep Tandon","doi":"10.4081/cdr.2023.11890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.2023.11890","url":null,"abstract":"A male patient, aged 70, with a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell cancer (cT4N2M0) affecting the Right Upper Lobe (RUL) of the lung. A further evaluation using Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning revealed a partial response in the RUL mass, along with the incidental discovery of a FB with a metal density in the Left Main Bronchus (LMB) measuring 640 Hounsfield Units (HU). The individual exhibited no symptoms and did not have any previous indications of foreign body aspiration. The subsequent bronchoscopic assessment revealed the presence of a circular and smooth FB in the LMB, specifically identified as a tablet.","PeriodicalId":500149,"journal":{"name":"Chest disease reports","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136382100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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