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Journal of Sport Management最新文献

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Does the Game Matter? Analyzing Sponsorship Effectiveness and Message Personalization in Sport Live Broadcasts 游戏是否重要?体育直播中的赞助效果与信息个性化分析
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0206
Elisa Herold, Christoph Breuer

This study aims to increase the effective use of in-stadium sponsor message placement by analyzing the influence of various run-of-play characteristics on television viewers’ visual attention allocation. Sports broadcasts constitute one potential platform for sponsors to place personalized messages. However, literature still questions the effectiveness of in-stadium sponsor messages, and the influence of game-related factors on viewers’ visual attention has received little consideration in this context. In addition, researchers call for more reliable and realistic measures concerning the effective evaluation of sponsorship-linked marketing. Therefore, this study uses real-time adaptions (eye-tracking, in-play betting odds, etc.) utilizing live soccer broadcasts as one of the first. Data were analyzed second by second (n = 100,298) using generalized linear mixed models. Results indicate significant associations of several run-of-play characteristics with viewers’ visual attention to sponsor messages depending on the characteristic, the games’ degree of suspense, and playing time. Findings provide hands-on advice for practitioners to enhance sponsor message placement during live broadcasts.

本研究旨在通过分析各种比赛特征对电视观众视觉注意力分配的影响,提高体育场内赞助商信息投放的有效利用。体育转播为赞助商提供了一个投放个性化信息的潜在平台。然而,文献仍然质疑场馆内赞助信息的有效性,并且在此背景下,游戏相关因素对观众视觉注意力的影响很少得到考虑。此外,研究人员呼吁制定更可靠和现实的措施来有效评估赞助关联营销。因此,本研究将实时适应(眼动追踪、比赛中投注赔率等)作为首次利用足球直播的研究之一。采用广义线性混合模型逐秒分析数据(n = 100,298)。结果表明,一些游戏运行特征与观众对赞助商信息的视觉关注存在显著关联,这取决于这些特征、游戏的悬念程度和游戏时间。研究结果为从业者提供了实用的建议,以加强在直播期间赞助商信息的放置。
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引用次数: 0
With Name, Image, and Likeness, College Sports Enters the Gig Economy 有了名字、形象和相似性,大学体育进入了零工经济
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0152
Sam C. Ehrlich, Joe Sabin, Neal C. Ternes

With the arrival of name, image, and likeness (NIL), the college sports labor market has distinctly taken on similar characteristics to the gig economy, with athletes able to earn extra compensation through external NIL-based independent contractor “gigs.” But with this comparison comes comparable issues, and scholarship and litigation examining and challenging gig economy structures have identified several legal and ethical concerns both individual to each worker and more broadly affecting labor markets. Building off this literature, we conceptualize the NIL phenomenon within the gig economy space, exploring the legal and ethical concerns that have plagued companies like Uber and applying those same concerns to the brave new world of NIL-fueled college sports. We not only find similar issues in college sports but also find even deeper concerns based on new and existing challenges unique to the novel space of college sports, particularly given the increased proliferation of NIL collectives.

随着名字、形象和肖像(NIL)的到来,大学体育劳动力市场明显呈现出与零工经济相似的特征,运动员可以通过外部基于NIL的独立承包商“零工”获得额外的报酬。但是,这种比较也带来了类似的问题,研究和挑战零工经济结构的学术和诉讼已经确定了几个法律和道德问题,这些问题既针对每个工人,也更广泛地影响劳动力市场。在这些文献的基础上,我们将零工经济领域的零收入现象概念化,探索困扰优步等公司的法律和道德问题,并将这些问题应用于零收入推动的大学体育的美丽新世界。我们不仅在大学体育中发现了类似的问题,而且还发现了基于大学体育新领域特有的新挑战和现有挑战的更深层次的担忧,特别是考虑到NIL集体的增加。
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引用次数: 1
An Investigation Into Voluntary Occupational Turnover of Sport Employees Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change 运用变革的跨理论模型对体育员工自愿离职的调查
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0066
Kelsie Saxe, Lauren Beasley, Elizabeth Taylor, Robin Hardin
Voluntary occupational turnover is rampant within the economy and, thus, a timely line of inquiry within sport management. However, sport management literature has primarily explored turnover intentions rather than the realized experience of voluntary occupational turnover. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand sport management employees’ experiences of voluntary occupational turnover using the Transtheoretical Model of Change as a guiding theoretical framework. Interpretative qualitative inquiry guided the research design with 12 former Division I swimming coaches. Findings illustrated themes aligning with the Transtheoretical Model of Change. However, an additional theme was identified: the tipping point, occurring between contemplation and preparation when a discernible event occurred which prompted the participant to move from contemplation to preparation. This study further extends the Transtheoretical Model of Change and its applicability within sport while providing implications regarding the retention of sport management employees.
在经济中,自愿的职业更替是猖獗的,因此,在体育管理中,这是一个及时的调查线。然而,体育管理文献主要是探讨离职意向,而不是自愿职业离职的实现经验。因此,本研究的目的是利用跨理论变革模型作为指导理论框架,了解体育管理员工的自愿职业离职体验。以12名前甲级游泳教练为研究对象,采用解释性质的探究指导研究设计。研究结果说明了与跨理论变化模型一致的主题。然而,一个额外的主题被确定:临界点,发生在沉思和准备之间,当一个可辨别的事件发生时,促使参与者从沉思转向准备。本研究进一步扩展了变革的跨理论模型及其在体育运动中的适用性,同时提供了关于体育管理员工保留的启示。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Remote Work on Family and Work Dynamics Within the Sport Industry 体育产业中远程工作对家庭和工作动态的影响
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0082
Matt R. Huml, E. Taylor, E. Martin
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of required remote work on work–family spillover within U.S. college sport. In particular, we examined the changes in work–family spillover (positive and negative), job commitment, and workaholism as employee’s work environment changed from traditional work expectations to work from home, and if these changes were, at least partially, due to parental responsibilities. Data were collected from full-time, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic department employees (n = 1,139) in November 2019 and again in May 2020 following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and after the transition to remote work. Results showed that sport employees found a number of benefits associated with working remotely, including a significant decrease in negative work–family spillover. However, employees with children at home reported higher levels of negative family–work spillover after going to remote work. Workaholism was also higher after the move to remote work. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
本研究的目的是调查美国大学体育运动中需要的远程工作对工作-家庭溢出的影响。特别是,当员工的工作环境从传统的工作期望转变为在家工作时,我们研究了工作-家庭溢出效应(积极和消极)、工作承诺和工作狂的变化,以及这些变化是否至少部分归因于父母的责任。数据收集于2019年11月和2020年5月,分别来自全国大学体育协会(NCAA)体育部门的全职员工(n = 1139),这些员工在2019冠状病毒病大流行爆发后和向远程工作过渡后。结果显示,体育员工发现远程工作有很多好处,包括工作与家庭的负面溢出效应显著降低。然而,在家有孩子的员工报告说,在远程工作后,家庭工作的负面溢出程度更高。在转向远程工作后,工作狂的比例也更高。讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 3
“The Best Teacher Is Also a Student”: Improving Qualitative Research Literacy by Learning From My Mistakes “最好的老师也是学生”:从我的错误中学习,提高定性研究素养
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2023-0006
Larena Hoeber
This article is based on the 2022 Earle F. Zeigler Lecture Award that I presented in Atlanta, Georgia. For this paper, I reflect upon my career as a qualitative sport management researcher, with a specific focus on the mistakes I have made. I have two objectives with this paper. One objective is to advocate for continued learning about and rethinking how we conduct qualitative research. The second objective is to highlight ways in which we, as a field, can improve our qualitative research literacy. In the paper, I discuss eight learnings on the topics of ontologies and epistemologies, research designs, themes, pseudonyms, rigor, generalizability, positionality, and the publisher SAGE. In learning from my mistakes, we can be better consumers, producers, and evaluators of qualitative research.
本文基于我在乔治亚州亚特兰大颁发的2022年厄尔·f·齐格勒演讲奖。在本文中,我反思了我作为一名定性体育管理研究者的职业生涯,并特别关注了我所犯的错误。我写这篇论文有两个目的。一个目标是提倡继续学习和重新思考我们如何进行定性研究。第二个目标是强调我们作为一个领域可以提高定性研究素养的方法。在本文中,我讨论了关于本体论和认识论、研究设计、主题、假名、严谨性、概括性、定位性和出版商SAGE等主题的八个学习。从我的错误中吸取教训,我们可以成为更好的消费者、生产者和定性研究的评估者。
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引用次数: 4
Does It Matter if Sport Fans “Root for the Home Team?” A Test of the Team Identification–Social Psychological Health Model 体育迷“支持主队”有关系吗?团队认同-社会心理健康模型的检验
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0029
Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg, P. Gaudreau
The team identification–social psychological health model outlines that fans of local sport teams are more likely to experience feelings of social connectedness compared with fans of distant teams. We tested this proposition across two sufficiently powered studies. In both studies, sport fans (Study 1: N = 291, Study 2: N = 430) completed online surveys assessing their levels of identification with a favorite sport team and social connections derived from their fandom for that team. Team localness was operationalized based on team location (Study 1) or responses to survey questions assessing team localness (Study 2). In both studies, the positive association between team identification and social connectedness was not moderated by team localness. This research contributes to the team identification–social psychological health model and our general understanding of fan behavior by showing that the social benefits of being a highly identified sport fan are not limited to fans of local teams.
团队认同-社会心理健康模型概述了本地运动队的球迷比远方运动队的球迷更有可能体验到社会联系的感觉。我们通过两项足够有力的研究验证了这一命题。在这两项研究中,体育迷(研究1:N = 291,研究2:N = 430)完成了在线调查,评估他们对最喜欢的运动队的认同程度,以及他们对该球队的狂热所产生的社会联系。团队本地性是基于团队位置(研究1)或对评估团队本地性的调查问题的回答(研究2)来运作的。在这两项研究中,团队认同和社会联系之间的正相关关系都没有被团队本地性所调节。这项研究有助于团队认同-社会心理健康模型和我们对球迷行为的一般理解,因为它表明,作为一个高度认同的体育迷的社会利益并不局限于当地球队的球迷。
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引用次数: 1
Renewable Energy Source Diffusion in Professional Sport Facilities 可再生能源在专业体育设施中的扩散
2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2023-0081
Liz Wanless, Chad Seifried, Tim Kellison
Professional sport facility sustainability initiatives offer sport organizations an opportunity to demonstrate congruence with societal concern for the environment, an effort that also affects stadia revenue generation. Guided by diffusion of innovations theory, this study harnessed diffusion modeling and logistic regression to determine how quickly renewable energy source adoption is diffusing across 175 professional sport stadia in the United States and Canada and the factors catalyzing early renewable energy source adoption. Results revealed 86 (49%) facilities adopted at least one type of renewable energy source, with solar emerging as the predominant technology adopted (68 total adoptions). Full diffusion for renewable source adoption was predicted for 2061 ( p = .0094, q = 0.1404, root mean square error = 3.25, mean absolute error = 2.51), while not all renewable energy sources were predicted to fully diffuse (wind; p = .0117, q = −0.0710, root mean square error = .853, mean absolute error = 0.675). New stadia construction during the time of adoption, facility type, and geographical social systems emerged as significant factors catalyzing adoption in the early majority.
专业的体育设施可持续发展倡议为体育组织提供了一个机会,展示了与社会对环境的关注的一致性,这一努力也影响了体育场馆的创收。在创新扩散理论的指导下,本研究利用扩散模型和逻辑回归来确定美国和加拿大175个专业体育场馆采用可再生能源的扩散速度,以及催化早期采用可再生能源的因素。结果显示,86个(49%)设施至少采用了一种可再生能源,其中太阳能成为主要采用的技术(总共采用了68种)。可再生能源采用的完全扩散预测为2061年(p = 0.0094, q = 0.1404,均方根误差= 3.25,平均绝对误差= 2.51),而并非所有可再生能源都被预测为完全扩散(风能;P = 0.0117, q =−0.0710,均方根误差= 0.853,平均绝对误差= 0.675)。在采用期间的新体育场馆建设,设施类型和地理社会系统成为促进早期大多数采用的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Interactive Mechanisms to Improve Service Innovation Among Sports Clubs: A Consumer Perspective 体育俱乐部服务创新的互动机制:消费者视角
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0360
M. Behnam, Mikihiro Sato, Bradley J. Baker, Mahdiyeh Jalili
Value co-creation for service innovation is a rapidly developing concept in the current competitive market. Prior studies emphasize the conceptual aspects of the value co-creation, with limited research focusing on the interactive effects between firms and their customers created in the process of value co-creation. We propose a framework for synthesizing the interactive concepts associated with service innovation based on the service-dominant logic. We recruited participants (N = 448) from 11 sports clubs in Iran. Results indicated that openness and consumer engagement facilitate value co-creation, which in turn leads to perceived service innovation. Furthermore, perceived brand interactivity moderated the mediating role of value co-creation in the relationship between consumer engagement and perceived service innovation. Results from this research suggest openness and consumer engagement are key antecedents of value co-creation and highlight the significance of perceived brand interactivity and value co-creation in promoting service innovation at sports clubs.
价值共创服务创新是当前竞争激烈的市场中一个快速发展的理念。以往的研究侧重于价值共同创造的概念层面,对价值共同创造过程中企业与客户之间的互动效应研究较少。基于服务主导逻辑,提出了一个综合服务创新相关交互概念的框架。我们从伊朗的11个体育俱乐部招募了参与者(N = 448)。结果表明,开放性和消费者参与促进了价值共同创造,进而导致感知服务创新。此外,感知品牌互动性调节了价值共同创造在消费者参与与感知服务创新关系中的中介作用。研究结果表明,开放性和消费者参与是价值共同创造的关键前提,并强调了感知品牌互动性和价值共同创造对促进体育俱乐部服务创新的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Feeling Vital by Watching Sport: The Roles of Team Identification and Stadium Attendance in Enhancing Subjective Vitality 观赛感受活力:团队认同和观赛在增强主观活力中的作用
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2021-0174
Masayuki Yoshida, Mikihiro Sato, J. Doyle
Subjective vitality is an important, yet understudied, indicator of eudaimonic well-being. People experience subjective vitality when they engage in need-satisfying activities. We investigate two sport consumption activities (stadium attendance and sport television viewing), team identification, and subjective vitality to understand how sport consumption mediates the impact of team identification on subjective vitality. Throughout a season, data were collected from local residents (n = 618) living within the franchise area of a Japanese professional baseball team. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping mediation analysis showed that team identification exerted both a direct and an indirect effect via attendance frequency on subjective vitality. The proposed model and the findings offer new theoretical insights into the roles of subjective vitality, team identification, and stadium attendance in spectator sport. Consequently, sport teams can leverage these insights to intensify consumer experiences when people attend games, positively contributing to their well-being.
主观活力是一个重要的,但尚未得到充分研究的幸福指标。当人们从事需要满足的活动时,他们会体验到主观活力。本研究以两种体育消费活动(体育场观赛和体育电视观看)、团队认同和主观活力为研究对象,了解体育消费如何中介团队认同对主观活力的影响。在整个赛季中,从居住在日本职业棒球队特许经营区内的当地居民(n = 618)中收集数据。结构方程模型和自举中介分析表明,团队认同通过出勤频率对主观活力有直接和间接的影响。该模型和研究结果为主观活力、团队认同和体育场出勤率在观赏性体育中的作用提供了新的理论见解。因此,当人们参加比赛时,体育团队可以利用这些见解来强化消费者体验,为他们的健康做出积极贡献。
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引用次数: 1
A Segmentation Analysis of American Sports Bettors by Involvement 美国体育投注者参与程度的分割分析
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2021-0335
B. Dwyer, S. Shapiro, Joris Drayer
Sports betting in the United States is exploding in popularity and has the potential to change the way sports fans interact with sports properties and sports content. However, not all sports bettors are the same, and market segmentation research provides a resource for more targeted communication and marketing strategies. Utilizing behavioral and psychographic data, the current study segmented 1,077 sports bettors by involvement. The segments were then contrasted on a number of factors within the framework of Mowen’s 3M model of motivation and personality. A sample of 513 nonbetting sports fans was also included as a segment within the analyses. Statistically significant differences were found at the motivational, elemental, compound, and surface trait levels between the betting segments and between the betting and the nonbetting sports fans. The findings point to a strong emotional draw regardless of involvement yet a clear need for the betting industry to educate on issues related to jurisdictional legality and common language.
体育博彩在美国的受欢迎程度呈爆炸式增长,并有可能改变体育迷与体育资产和体育内容互动的方式。然而,并非所有的体育投注者都是一样的,市场细分研究为更有针对性的沟通和营销策略提供了资源。利用行为和心理数据,目前的研究根据参与程度对1077名体育投注者进行了细分。然后在Mowen的3M动机和人格模型的框架内,对这些片段进行了一些因素的对比。513名非博彩体育迷的样本也被纳入分析范围。在动机、基本、复合和表面特征水平上,在投注段之间以及投注和非投注体育迷之间发现了统计学上显著的差异。调查结果表明,无论参与与否,博彩行业都有强烈的情感吸引力,但显然需要对与司法合法性和共同语言有关的问题进行教育。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Sport Management
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