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The Footballization of China: Strategies for World Cup Glory 中国足球:走向世界杯的战略
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2023-0203
Umer Hussain
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引用次数: 1
Exercising Power: A Critical Examination of National Collegiate Athletic Association Discourse Related to Name, Image, and Likeness 行使权力:对全国大学体育协会有关名称、形象和相似话语的批判性考察
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0151
Jonathan E. Howe, Wayne L. Black, Willis A. Jones
Although name, image, and likeness policy officially changed on July 1, 2021, actions leading up to this policy modification provide insight into the desires and perspectives of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Feeling pressure from individual states and federal legislators, the NCAA engaged in discussion regarding name, image, and likeness in Fall of 2019. In response to newly introduced name, image, and likeness policy changes, the NCAA listed their official statements on the Taking Actions: Name, Image and Likeness webpage. These statements (n = 10) were analyzed using critical discourse analysis methodology underpinned with a Foucaultian perspective. Using critical discourse analysis, we extrapolated three overarching themes related to power dynamics: (a) Establishing Control While Undercutting Oppositional Power, (b) Power Shifts Away from NCAA, and (c) Power Reinforcement. We conclude by discussing the importance of examining discourse within organizations and implications for policy and practice.
虽然名称,形象和肖像政策于2021年7月1日正式改变,但导致这项政策修改的行动提供了对全国大学体育协会(NCAA)的愿望和观点的洞察。在各州和联邦立法者的压力下,NCAA于2019年秋季就名称、形象和相似性进行了讨论。为了回应新引入的名称、图像和肖像政策的变化,NCAA在采取行动:名称、图像和肖像网页上列出了他们的官方声明。这些陈述(n = 10)是用傅柯观点为基础的批判性话语分析方法进行分析的。利用批判性话语分析,我们推断出与权力动力学相关的三个总体主题:(a)在削弱对立权力的同时建立控制,(b)权力从NCAA转移,以及(c)权力强化。最后,我们讨论了在组织内检查话语的重要性以及对政策和实践的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Decision-Making Processes Used by Canadian National Sport Organization Boards: Differences Between Design Archetypes 加拿大国家体育组织委员会使用的决策过程:设计原型之间的差异
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0201
R. Hoye, M. Parent, Ashley Thompson, Erik L. Lachance, M. Naraine, M. Taks, Benoît Séguin
This paper examines the decision-making role of Canadian national sport organization boards, identifies the processes used to facilitate decision making by these boards, and explores whether these elements differ between the various design archetypes that exist among these organizations. Forty-five semistructured interviews were conducted with board members and senior staff of 22 Canadian national sport organizations, and data were thematically analyzed. Findings indicate board members and senior staff focused on strategy as their primary role, along with control over other roles (e.g., providing advice and counsel or securing resources). Roles differed according to the organization’s design archetype. Our analysis showed clear differences between design archetypes in terms of how these the organizations used structural artifacts such as subcommittees to facilitate decision making, navigated decision rights between board members and paid staff, and adhered to the Carver policy governance model promoted for national sport organizations by Sport Canada.
本文考察了加拿大国家体育组织委员会的决策角色,确定了用于促进这些委员会决策的过程,并探讨了这些组织中存在的各种设计原型之间的这些元素是否不同。对22个加拿大国家体育组织的董事会成员和高级职员进行了45次半结构化访谈,并对数据进行了主题分析。调查结果表明,董事会成员和高级职员将战略作为他们的主要角色,以及对其他角色的控制(例如,提供建议和咨询或确保资源)。角色根据组织的设计原型而不同。我们的分析显示了设计原型之间的明显差异,这些组织如何使用诸如小组委员会之类的结构性构件来促进决策,在董事会成员和受薪员工之间导航决策权,以及遵守加拿大体育为国家体育组织推广的卡弗政策治理模型。
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引用次数: 0
Analogous Forecasting for Predicting Sport Innovation Diffusion: From Business Analytics to Natural Language Processing 预测体育创新扩散的类似预测:从商业分析到自然语言处理
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0026
Liz Wanless, M. Naraine
The purpose of this study was to analyze the diffusion of one sport innovation to forecast a second. Contextualized within the diffusion of innovations theory, this study investigated cumulative business analytics diffusion as an analog for cumulative natural language processing (NLP) diffusion in professional sport. A total of 89 teams of the 123 teams in the Big Four North American men’s professional sport leagues contributed: 21 from the National Football League, 23 from the National Basketball Association, 22 from Major League Baseball, and 23 from the National Hockey League. Utilizing an analogous forecasting approach, a discrete derivation of the Bass model was applied to cumulative BA adoption data. Parameters were then extended to predict cumulative NLP adoption. Resulting BA-estimated parameters (p = .0072, q = .3644) determined a close fit to NLP diffusion (root mean square error of approximation = 3.51, mean absolute error = 2.98), thereby validating BA to predict the takeoff and full adoption of NLP. This study illuminates an ongoing and isomorphic process for diffusion of innovations in the professional sport social system and generates a novel application of diffusion of innovations theory to the sport industry.
本研究的目的是分析一个体育创新的扩散,以预测第二个。在创新扩散理论的背景下,本研究将累积商业分析扩散作为职业体育中累积自然语言处理(NLP)扩散的类比进行了研究。在北美四大男子职业体育联盟的123支球队中,共有89支球队做出了贡献:21支来自国家橄榄球联盟,23支来自国家篮球协会,22支来自美国职业棒球大联盟,23支来自国家冰球联盟。利用类似的预测方法,Bass模型的离散推导应用于累积BA采用数据。然后将参数扩展到预测NLP的累积采用。得到的ba估计参数(p =。0072, q = .3644)确定了与NLP扩散的密切拟合(近似的均方根误差= 3.51,平均绝对误差= 2.98),从而验证了BA预测NLP的起飞和完全采用。本研究阐明了职业体育社会系统中创新扩散的持续同构过程,并提出了创新扩散理论在体育产业中的新应用。
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引用次数: 3
Motivations for Crowdinvesting in European Football Clubs 欧洲足球俱乐部众筹的动因
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0080
S. Kościółek
Considering the inconsistency in the literature on crowdinvestment motivations and the uniqueness of football club investors, the purpose of this study is to identify the motivation to invest in football clubs through equity crowdfunding. Following Churchill’s scale development procedure, it is found that those who crowdinvest in football clubs are fans who highly identify with these teams. The fans’ motivations include supporting the cause of the campaign, acquiring the status of a football club owner, and gaining rewards. These findings show the dominance of intrinsic motivations among crowdinvestors of European football clubs, providing evidence for compensatory activities assumed in self-determination theory, which is the theoretical framework for this research. Moreover, we devise a motivation scale that can be adopted in future research on equity crowdfunding for football clubs. For sports managers, the results offer practical recommendations for marketing communication and relationship marketing of equity crowdfunding campaigns by football clubs.
考虑到文献对众筹动机的不一致和足球俱乐部投资者的独特性,本研究的目的是识别通过股权众筹投资足球俱乐部的动机。通过邱吉尔的规模发展过程可以发现,对足球俱乐部进行众投的是对球队有高度认同感的球迷。球迷的动机包括支持这项活动,获得足球俱乐部老板的地位,以及获得奖励。这些发现表明内在动机在欧洲足球俱乐部众筹投资者中占主导地位,为本研究的理论框架——自我决定理论所假设的补偿活动提供了证据。此外,我们还设计了一个激励量表,可以在未来的足球俱乐部股权众筹研究中使用。研究结果为足球俱乐部股权众筹的营销传播和关系营销提供了切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 1
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Black Women Diversity and Inclusion Leaders in Sport Organizations 体育组织中黑人女性多样性与包容性领导者的解释性现象学分析
2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0004
Ajhanai C.I. Keaton
Athletic Diversity and Inclusion Officers (ADIOs) are novel leadership positions in sport tasked with creating and sustaining diverse, inclusive, and equitable athletic departments. Interestingly, Black women have assumed many of the Division I ADIO positions. Thus, they seek to lead inclusionary efforts in an organizational field with sustained issues of gender and racial exclusion. This hermeneutic phenomenological study applied a Black feminist lens to examine what it means to be a Black woman ADIO who leads diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in gendered and racialized Division I collegiate athletic departments. This study has three themes: (a) the ADIO position elicits the Strong Black Woman stereotype, inducing emotional fatigue; (b) Black women ADIOs are positioned as athletic departments’ conscience, often interpreting substantive and symbolic diversity, equity, and inclusion practices; and (c) Black women ADIOs center their perception of affirmative prescriptions of Black womanhood in an attempt to withstand the adverse realities of ADIO leadership.
体育多样性和包容性官员(ADIOs)是体育领域的新领导职位,其任务是创建和维持多样化、包容性和公平的体育部门。有趣的是,黑人女性担任了许多一级ADIO职位。因此,他们寻求在一个持续存在性别和种族排斥问题的组织领域中领导包容性努力。这项解释学现象学研究运用黑人女权主义的视角来研究作为一名黑人女性ADIO,在性别和种族化的一级大学体育部门领导多样性、平等和包容倡议意味着什么。本研究有三个主题:(a) ADIO位置引发强势黑人女性刻板印象,诱发情绪疲劳;(b)黑人女性体育主任被定位为体育部门的良心,经常解释实质性和象征性的多样性、平等和包容做法;(c)黑人妇女ADIO把她们对黑人妇女的肯定的看法作为中心,以抵抗ADIO领导的不利现实。
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引用次数: 1
A Resource-Based View of Organizational Sustainability in Sport for Development 体育发展组织可持续性的资源基础观
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2022-0359
Wonjun Choi, M. Chung, W. Lee, Gareth J. Jones, P. Svensson
A growing number of sport-for-development (SFD) organizations have emerged in the nonprofit sector to leverage sport for social change, yet many organizations struggle with chronic resource deficiencies that inhibit their long-term viability and highlight a pressing need to examine the sustainability of SFD organizations through resource-based perspectives. This study analyzed secondary financial and administrative data from SFD organizations in the United States to examine changes in key resources during early organizational life stages. Latent profile analysis was utilized to classify organizations based on their level of resources, and multilevel growth modeling revealed significant changes in key resources over the first 5 years of operation, as well as significant differences based on initial resource levels and rates of change. The results provide theoretical insight into the key resources associated with organizational sustainability in the SFD field and offer practical implications for resource procurement, prioritization, and management.
越来越多的体育促进发展(SFD)组织已经出现在非营利部门,利用体育促进社会变革,然而许多组织与长期的资源不足作斗争,这抑制了他们的长期生存能力,并强调迫切需要从资源为基础的角度来审视SFD组织的可持续性。本研究分析了美国SFD组织的二级财务和行政数据,以检查组织早期生命阶段关键资源的变化。利用潜在剖面分析对组织进行基于资源水平的分类,多层次增长模型揭示了关键资源在运营前5年的显著变化,以及基于初始资源水平和变化率的显著差异。研究结果为SFD领域中与组织可持续性相关的关键资源提供了理论见解,并为资源采购、优先排序和管理提供了实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Society 牛津体育与社会手册
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197519011.001.0001
Katja Sonkeng
The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Society features leading international scholars’ assessments of scholarly inquiry about sport and society. Divided into six sections, chapters consider dominant issues within key areas, approaches (theory and method) featured in inquiry, and debates needing resolution. Part I: Society and Values considers matters of character, ideology, power, politics, policy, nationalism, diplomacy, militarism, law, ethics, and religion. Part II: Enterprise and Capital considers globalization; spectacle; mega-events; Olympism; corruption; impacts on cities, communities, and the environment; and the press of leadership cultures, economic imperatives, and marketing. Part III: Participation and Cultures considers questions of health and well-being, violence, the medicalization of injury, influences of science and technology, substance use and abuse, the roles of coaching and emotion, challenges of child maltreatment, climates for scandal and athlete activism, and questions on animals in sporting competition. Part IV: Lifespan and Careers considers child socialization, youth and elite athlete development, the roles of sport in education and social mobility, migratory sport labor practices, arcs defining athletic careers, aging and retirement, and emergent lifestyle sport cultures. Part V: Inclusion and Exclusion considers sport’s role in social inclusion and exclusion and in development and discrimination and features treatments of race and ethnicity; indigenous experiences; the intersection of bodily ideals, obesity, and disability; and the gendered impacts on masculinities, femininities, and nonbinary experience. Part VI: Spectator Engagement and Media considers sporting heroism and celebrity, fandom and hooliganism, gambling and match-fixing, and the influences of sport journalism, television and film treatments, advertising, and new media.
牛津体育与社会手册以国际领先学者对体育与社会学术调查的评估为特色。分为六个部分,章节考虑主要问题在关键领域,途径(理论和方法)特色的调查,和辩论需要解决。第一部分:社会和价值观考虑了性格、意识形态、权力、政治、政策、民族主义、外交、军国主义、法律、道德和宗教等问题。第二部分:企业与资本考虑全球化;奇观;临门;奥林匹克精神;腐败;对城市、社区和环境的影响;以及领导文化、经济需求和市场营销的压力。第三部分:参与和文化考虑了健康和福祉、暴力、伤害的医疗化、科学和技术的影响、药物使用和滥用、教练和情感的作用、虐待儿童的挑战、丑闻和运动员积极主义的气候以及体育竞赛中的动物问题。第四部分:寿命和职业考虑儿童社会化,青年和精英运动员的发展,体育在教育和社会流动中的作用,迁移体育劳动实践,弧定义体育事业,老龄化和退休,以及新兴的生活方式体育文化。第五部分:包容和排斥考虑体育在社会包容和排斥以及在发展和歧视方面的作用,并介绍种族和族裔的处理;本土经验;理想身材、肥胖和残疾的交集;以及性别对男性、女性和非二元体验的影响。第六部分:观众参与和媒体考虑体育英雄主义和名人,球迷和流氓,赌博和假球,以及体育新闻,电视和电影处理,广告和新媒体的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Media Training Videos Tutorials on Basic Techniques of Karate Martial Arts for Early Ages at Dojo Gaperta 媒体培训视频教程的发展,空手道武术基本技术的早期在道场Gaperta
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.55081/jmos.v1i1.652
Ayu Putri Handayani Harefa, Zen Fadli, Khairul Usman, Sekolah Tinggi, Olahraga dan Kesehatan, B. Guna, Willem Iskandar
The problem that occurs in the training process is the need for an interesting and fun media so that it can build student motivation and make it easier for students to introduce basic karate techniques. This study aims to produce a product in the form of a CD of video tutorial training media for basic martial arts techniques for early childhood. This research method is research and development that uses ten steps in development research. The development of learning media and video tutorial exercises on basic martial arts techniques were validated by one material expert, one media expert and 10 students for small group trials, 20 students for field trials. The subjects in this study were in the Dojo Gaperta data with a qualitative descriptive approach and a quantitative descriptive approach. Results of research and development: Overall, this karate tutorial video training media with the subject matter (blocking technique) is categorized as suitable for use in karate training for an early age. Based on the trial, the feasibility of the video tutorial training media for basic karate defense techniques for elementary school students grades 1-6 includes: 97.6% in terms of material, 88.25% in terms of media. Small group trial of 88.5% feasibility, field trial of 91.41% feasibility. Overall, the video tutorial training media for basic martial arts techniques for early childhood is appropriate to be used in the introduction and practice of basic karate techniques after going through several trial stages.
在训练过程中出现的问题是需要一个有趣和有趣的媒体,这样才能建立学生的动机,使学生更容易介绍基本的空手道技术。本研究旨在制作幼儿基本武术技术视频教程训练媒体光盘的产品。这种研究方法是研究和开发,在开发研究中使用十个步骤。学习媒体的开发和武术基本技术视频教程练习由1名材料专家、1名媒体专家和10名学生进行小组试验,20名学生进行现场试验。本研究的受试者采用定性描述方法和定量描述方法获取Dojo Gaperta数据。研发结果:总的来说,这个空手道教程视频训练媒体的主题(阻挡技术)被归类为适合在早期空手道训练中使用。经试验,小学1-6年级空手道基本防御技术视频教程训练媒体的可行性为:材料方面占97.6%,媒体方面占88.25%。小群体试验的可行性为88.5%,现场试验的可行性为91.41%。综上所述,幼儿武术基本技术视频教程训练媒体在经过几个试验阶段后,适合用于空手道基本技术的介绍和练习。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Audio Visual-Based Media for Floor Gymnastics Materials 自由体操材料视听媒体的开发
IF 3.6 2区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.55081/jmos.v1i1.655
Ahmad Al As'ari, B. M
This study aims to obtain a product in the form of Audio Visual-Based Media Development for Floor Gymnastics for Class VI Elementary School Students. The development of floor gymnastics products to be applied as learning materials for class VI students is very important considering the COVID-19 pandemic situation has not ended and students are still learning from home. The research design used is development research (RnD) with Thiagarajan theory using research and development steps with 4 D, namely define, design, development, and dissemination. Data collection techniques are carried out through the product development stages. The product development stage is carried out with the results of the FGD of experts related to the development of learning media products from home on floor exercise material. The results of the study were obtained through the results of FGDs and the validation of experts related to the development of video-based media products. The stage of obtaining video feasibility data that can be applied as a research product during the COVID-19 pandemic is to validate content and structure. Validation is carried out by Floor Gymnastics Sports Experts and IT Experts. The research data are instrument data and 95% of the media have feasibility as floor gymnastics media. The conclusion in this study is that the product is declared feasible by experts in floor gymnastics and media (IT) and can be applied to sixth grade elementary school students. The product is developed in MP4 format that can be played on video applications, namely VLC and Windows Media Player. The development of audio-visual-based media as a medium for learning from home is very much needed, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, where students can easily see technical references to floor exercise material as contained in basic and core competencies..
本研究的目的是获得一个以《小学六班自由体操视听媒体开发》为形式的产品。鉴于新冠肺炎疫情尚未结束,学生仍处于居家学习阶段,开发作为六年级学生学习材料的自由体操产品非常重要。使用的研究设计是基于Thiagarajan理论的开发研究(development research, RnD),使用4维的研发步骤,即定义、设计、开发和传播。数据收集技术贯穿于产品开发阶段。产品开发阶段是根据自由体操材料开发的学习媒体产品相关专家的FGD结果进行的。这项研究的结果是通过fgd的结果和与视频媒体产品开发有关的专家的验证得出的。获取新冠肺炎大流行期间可以作为研究产品的视频可行性数据的阶段是对内容和结构进行验证。验证由自由体操运动专家和IT专家进行。研究数据为器械数据,95%的媒体具有作为自由体操媒体的可行性。本研究的结论是,该产品经自由体操专家及媒体(IT)专家证明是可行的,可以应用于小学六年级学生。该产品以MP4格式开发,可以在视频应用程序上播放,即VLC和Windows Media Player。发展以视听为基础的媒体作为在家学习的媒介是非常必要的,特别是在COVID-19大流行的情况下,学生可以很容易地看到基本和核心能力中包含的自由体操材料的技术参考。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sport Management
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