Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000230
A. Hadar, A. Lazarovits, K. Yarrow
Abstract. Deceptive behavior involves complex neural processes involving the primary motor cortex. The dynamics of this motor cortex excitability prior to lying are still not well understood. We sought to examine whether corticospinal excitability can be used to suggest the presence of deliberately concealed information in a modified version of the guilty knowledge test (GKT). Participants pressed keys to either truthfully or deceitfully indicate their familiarity with a series of faces. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded during response preparation to measure muscle-specific neural excitability. We hypothesized that MEPs would increase during the deceptive condition not only in the lie-telling finger but also in the suppressed truth-telling finger. We report a group-level increase in overall corticospinal excitability 300 ms following stimulus onset during the deceptive condition, without specific activation of the neural representation of the truth-telling finger. We discuss cognitive processes, particularly response conflict and/or automated responses to familiar stimuli, which may drive the observed nonspecific increase of motor excitability in deception.
{"title":"Increased Motor Cortex Excitability for Concealed Visual Information","authors":"A. Hadar, A. Lazarovits, K. Yarrow","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000230","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Deceptive behavior involves complex neural processes involving the primary motor cortex. The dynamics of this motor cortex excitability prior to lying are still not well understood. We sought to examine whether corticospinal excitability can be used to suggest the presence of deliberately concealed information in a modified version of the guilty knowledge test (GKT). Participants pressed keys to either truthfully or deceitfully indicate their familiarity with a series of faces. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded during response preparation to measure muscle-specific neural excitability. We hypothesized that MEPs would increase during the deceptive condition not only in the lie-telling finger but also in the suppressed truth-telling finger. We report a group-level increase in overall corticospinal excitability 300 ms following stimulus onset during the deceptive condition, without specific activation of the neural representation of the truth-telling finger. We discuss cognitive processes, particularly response conflict and/or automated responses to familiar stimuli, which may drive the observed nonspecific increase of motor excitability in deception.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46550426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000255
{"title":"Correction to O’Brien, Goetz, McCarren, Delaney, Morrison, Watford, and Horan (2019)","authors":"","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43210534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000227
Jonathan W. L. Kettle, N. Allen
Abstract. Patterns of facial reactivity and attentional allocation to emotional facial expressions, and how these are moderated by gaze direction, are not clearly established. Among a sample of undergraduate university students, aged between 17 and 22 years (76% female), corrugator and zygomatic reactivity, as measured by facial electromyography, and attention allocation, as measured by the startle reflex and startle-elicited N100, was examined while viewing happy, neutral, angry and fearful facial expressions, which were presented at either 0- or 30-degree gaze. Results indicated typically observed facial mimicry to happy faces but, unexpectedly, “smiling” facial responses to fearful, and to a lesser extent, angry faces. This facial reactivity was not influenced by gaze direction. Furthermore, emotional facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Likewise, matched facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Rather, happy and fearful faces with direct (0°) gaze elicited increased controlled attentional allocation, and averted (30°) gaze faces, regardless of emotional expression, elicited preferential, early cortical processing. These findings suggest typical facial mimicry to happy faces, but unexpected facial reactivity to angry and fearful faces, perhaps due to an attempt to regulate social bonds during threat perception. Findings also suggest a divergence in controlled versus preferential, early cortical attentional processing for direct compared to averted gaze faces. These findings relate to young, mostly female, adults attending university. The experiment should be repeated with a larger sample drawn from the general community, with a broader age range and gender balance, and with a stimulus set with validated subjective valence and arousal ratings. This can reduce Type II error and establish normative patterns of facial reactivity and attentional processing of emotional facial expressions with different gaze directions.
{"title":"Facial Reactivity and Attentional Processing of Facial Expressions and Gaze Direction","authors":"Jonathan W. L. Kettle, N. Allen","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/A000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/A000227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Patterns of facial reactivity and attentional allocation to emotional facial expressions, and how these are moderated by gaze direction, are not clearly established. Among a sample of undergraduate university students, aged between 17 and 22 years (76% female), corrugator and zygomatic reactivity, as measured by facial electromyography, and attention allocation, as measured by the startle reflex and startle-elicited N100, was examined while viewing happy, neutral, angry and fearful facial expressions, which were presented at either 0- or 30-degree gaze. Results indicated typically observed facial mimicry to happy faces but, unexpectedly, “smiling” facial responses to fearful, and to a lesser extent, angry faces. This facial reactivity was not influenced by gaze direction. Furthermore, emotional facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Likewise, matched facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Rather, happy and fearful faces with direct (0°) gaze elicited increased controlled attentional allocation, and averted (30°) gaze faces, regardless of emotional expression, elicited preferential, early cortical processing. These findings suggest typical facial mimicry to happy faces, but unexpected facial reactivity to angry and fearful faces, perhaps due to an attempt to regulate social bonds during threat perception. Findings also suggest a divergence in controlled versus preferential, early cortical attentional processing for direct compared to averted gaze faces. These findings relate to young, mostly female, adults attending university. The experiment should be repeated with a larger sample drawn from the general community, with a broader age range and gender balance, and with a stimulus set with validated subjective valence and arousal ratings. This can reduce Type II error and establish normative patterns of facial reactivity and attentional processing of emotional facial expressions with different gaze directions.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000229
C. Yadon, T. Daugherty
Abstract. Sensory gating allows an individual to filter out irrelevant sensory information from the environment, potentially freeing attentional resources for more complex tasks. Some work has demonstrated a relationship between auditory sensory gating and cognitive skills such as executive function, although the functional significance is not well understood. The relationship between sensory gating and personality dimensions has not been adequately explored. Participants completed a paired-tone sensory gating event-related potential (ERP) paradigm and the Big Five Inventory to assess personality characteristics. Participants with more robust P50 sensory gating reported a significantly greater degree of conscientiousness; conscientiousness (but not the other Big Five factors) predicted sensory gating ability. Longer ERP latencies were associated with participants being more conscientious (P50 component), more agreeable, and less neurotic (N100 component). A better understanding of the behavioral correlates of sensory gating will help elucidate the functional consequences of reduced sensory gating both in typical adults and clinical groups.
{"title":"Auditory Sensory Gating and the Big Five Personality Factors","authors":"C. Yadon, T. Daugherty","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/A000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/A000229","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sensory gating allows an individual to filter out irrelevant sensory information from the environment, potentially freeing attentional resources for more complex tasks. Some work has demonstrated a relationship between auditory sensory gating and cognitive skills such as executive function, although the functional significance is not well understood. The relationship between sensory gating and personality dimensions has not been adequately explored. Participants completed a paired-tone sensory gating event-related potential (ERP) paradigm and the Big Five Inventory to assess personality characteristics. Participants with more robust P50 sensory gating reported a significantly greater degree of conscientiousness; conscientiousness (but not the other Big Five factors) predicted sensory gating ability. Longer ERP latencies were associated with participants being more conscientious (P50 component), more agreeable, and less neurotic (N100 component). A better understanding of the behavioral correlates of sensory gating will help elucidate the functional consequences of reduced sensory gating both in typical adults and clinical groups.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41624421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000225
F. Schneider, Jan Martin, Matthias Skrzypczak, D. Hinzmann, D. Jordan, K. Wagner, C. Schulz
Abstract. In the environment of anesthesia, good performance describes the absence of threat for the patient as well as a quick reaction to challenging and possibly life-threatening circumstances. Elsewhere, performance and cognitive function have been linked to indicators of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). This exploratory study examines the correlation between anesthetists’ HRV and their performance during uneventful induction of general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident. For this study electrocardiograms (ECG) were obtained from two different groups of anesthetists providing general anesthesia in uneventful real cases in the operation room (OR, n = 38) and during the management of a hypotension scenario in a high-fidelity human patient simulator environment (SIM, n = 23). Frequency, time domain, and nonlinear HRV metrics were calculated from 5-min ECG recordings. To separate high performing (HP) and low performing (LP) individuals, the time needed for induction (in the OR setting) and the length and depth of hypotension (in the SIM setting) were used as performance correlates. The Mann-Whitney- U-test was used to assess differences in HRV within the groups. In both settings (OR and SIM), linear and nonlinear HRV metrics did not differ significantly between the HP and LP group. Also, the anesthetists’ work experience and sex were not related to performance. While providing general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident, high and low performing individuals do not differ with respect to HRV metrics, sex, and work experience. Further research including the HRV under resting conditions is necessary.
摘要在麻醉环境中，良好的表现描述了对患者没有威胁以及对具有挑战性和可能危及生命的情况的快速反应。在其他方面，表现和认知功能与迷走神经介导的心率变异性(HRV)指标有关。本探索性研究探讨了麻醉师的HRV与他们在全身麻醉诱导和模拟危急事件期间的表现之间的相关性。在本研究中，两组麻醉师分别在手术室(OR, n = 38)和高保真人体患者模拟环境(SIM, n = 23)中进行全麻治疗，分别获得两组麻醉师的心电图(ECG)。频率、时域和非线性HRV指标从5分钟的心电图记录中计算。为了区分高表现(HP)和低表现(LP)个体，诱导所需的时间(在OR设置中)和低血压的长度和深度(在SIM设置中)被用作性能相关性。曼-惠特尼u型检验用于评估组内HRV的差异。在两种情况下(OR和SIM)，线性和非线性HRV指标在HP组和LP组之间没有显着差异。此外，麻醉师的工作经验和性别与表现无关。在提供全身麻醉和模拟危急事件期间，高绩效和低绩效个体在HRV指标、性别和工作经验方面没有差异。包括静息条件下HRV的进一步研究是必要的。
{"title":"Anesthetists’ Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Performance During Induction of General Anesthesia and Simulated Critical Incidents","authors":"F. Schneider, Jan Martin, Matthias Skrzypczak, D. Hinzmann, D. Jordan, K. Wagner, C. Schulz","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/A000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/A000225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the environment of anesthesia, good performance describes the absence of threat for the patient as well as a quick reaction to challenging and possibly life-threatening circumstances. Elsewhere, performance and cognitive function have been linked to indicators of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). This exploratory study examines the correlation between anesthetists’ HRV and their performance during uneventful induction of general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident. For this study electrocardiograms (ECG) were obtained from two different groups of anesthetists providing general anesthesia in uneventful real cases in the operation room (OR, n = 38) and during the management of a hypotension scenario in a high-fidelity human patient simulator environment (SIM, n = 23). Frequency, time domain, and nonlinear HRV metrics were calculated from 5-min ECG recordings. To separate high performing (HP) and low performing (LP) individuals, the time needed for induction (in the OR setting) and the length and depth of hypotension (in the SIM setting) were used as performance correlates. The Mann-Whitney- U-test was used to assess differences in HRV within the groups. In both settings (OR and SIM), linear and nonlinear HRV metrics did not differ significantly between the HP and LP group. Also, the anesthetists’ work experience and sex were not related to performance. While providing general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident, high and low performing individuals do not differ with respect to HRV metrics, sex, and work experience. Further research including the HRV under resting conditions is necessary.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46314637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000250
Atefeh Azarpaikan, Hamid Reza Taherii Torbati, M. Sohrabi, R. Boostani, Majid Ghoshoni
Abstract. The aim of study was to investigate the interaction of time of applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with motor learning using a two-hand coordination (THC) task....
{"title":"Timing-Dependent Priming Effects of Anodal tDCS on Two-Hand Coordination","authors":"Atefeh Azarpaikan, Hamid Reza Taherii Torbati, M. Sohrabi, R. Boostani, Majid Ghoshoni","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of study was to investigate the interaction of time of applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with motor learning using a two-hand coordination (THC) task....","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43094813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000251
Monica B. Berntsen, N. Cooper, V. Romei
Abstract. Emotional valence may have evolutionary adaptive purposes as negative stimuli can be related to survival against threat and positive stimuli to facilitating relationships. This can be see...
{"title":"Emotional Valence Modulates Low Beta Suppression and Recognition of Social Interactions","authors":"Monica B. Berntsen, N. Cooper, V. Romei","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Emotional valence may have evolutionary adaptive purposes as negative stimuli can be related to survival against threat and positive stimuli to facilitating relationships. This can be see...","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000248
L. Robinson, S. McFadden
Abstract. Poorer-than-expected performance on cognitive-behavioral tasks may indicate malingering, or it could be an outcome of fatigue, resulting in false positives when suboptimal task performanc...
摘要在认知行为任务中不如预期的表现可能表明装病，也可能是疲劳的结果，在任务表现不佳时导致误报……
{"title":"Distinguishing TBI Malingering and Fatigue Using Event-Related Potentials","authors":"L. Robinson, S. McFadden","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Poorer-than-expected performance on cognitive-behavioral tasks may indicate malingering, or it could be an outcome of fatigue, resulting in false positives when suboptimal task performanc...","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000249
Fengqin Ding, X. Tian, Ximei Wang, Zhao Liu
Abstract. Morality is clean, while immorality is dirty, and these metaphors use concrete clean and dirty experiences to express moral and immoral concepts; specifically, they are the clean metaphor...
{"title":"The Consistency Effects of the Clean Metaphor of Moral Concept and Dirty Metaphor of Immoral Concept","authors":"Fengqin Ding, X. Tian, Ximei Wang, Zhao Liu","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Morality is clean, while immorality is dirty, and these metaphors use concrete clean and dirty experiences to express moral and immoral concepts; specifically, they are the clean metaphor...","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000219
J. K. Hall, Barbara Lopes, H. Yu
Abstract. Heartbeat perception tasks are used to measure interoceptive accuracy. This paper explores the effect of reducing external auditory stimuli on heartbeat perception. Three samples (121 participants in total) performed a heartbeat perception task. Samples 1 and 2 wore ear-protectors and sample 3 did not. There were no differences in interoceptive accuracy between samples 1 and 2 but samples 1 and 2 showed significantly higher interoceptive accuracy than sample 3. These results suggest ear-protectors could be used to manipulate heartbeat perception and that the auditory component of heartbeat perception might be given greater consideration.
{"title":"Interoception Enhanced via the Ears?","authors":"J. K. Hall, Barbara Lopes, H. Yu","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/A000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/A000219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Heartbeat perception tasks are used to measure interoceptive accuracy. This paper explores the effect of reducing external auditory stimuli on heartbeat perception. Three samples (121 participants in total) performed a heartbeat perception task. Samples 1 and 2 wore ear-protectors and sample 3 did not. There were no differences in interoceptive accuracy between samples 1 and 2 but samples 1 and 2 showed significantly higher interoceptive accuracy than sample 3. These results suggest ear-protectors could be used to manipulate heartbeat perception and that the auditory component of heartbeat perception might be given greater consideration.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43006141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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