Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000327
Martina Doneda, Virginia Maria Borsa, Agostino Brugnera, Angelo Compare, Maria Luisa Rusconi, Kaoru Sakatani, Ettore Lanzarone
Abstract: Performance efficiency in cognitive tasks is a combination of effectiveness, that is, accuracy, and cognitive effort. Resting-state and task-related autonomic and cortical activity, together with psychological variables, may represent effective predictors of performance efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these variables in the prediction of performance during a set of cognitive tasks in a sample of young adults. The 76 participants (age: 23.96 ± 2.69 years; 51.3% females) who volunteered for this study completed several psychological questionnaires and performed a set of attention and executive functions tasks. Resting-state and task-related prefrontal and autonomic activity were collected through a Time-Domain and a Continuous Wave 2-channel Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and a portable Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system, respectively. A set of Machine Learning (ML) approaches were employed to (i) predict the performance of each cognitive task, while minimizing and quantifying the prediction error, and to (ii) quantitatively evaluate the predictors that most affected the cognitive outcome. Results showed that perfectionistic traits, as well as both resting-state and task-related autonomic and cortical activity, predicted performance for most of the tasks, partially supporting previous evidence. Our results add to the knowledge of psycho-physiological determinants of performance efficiency in cognitive tasks and provide preliminary evidence on the role of ML approaches in detecting important predictors in cognitive neuroscience.
{"title":"The Predictive Effects of Resting-State and Task-Related Prefrontal and Vagal Activity on Cognitive Performances","authors":"Martina Doneda, Virginia Maria Borsa, Agostino Brugnera, Angelo Compare, Maria Luisa Rusconi, Kaoru Sakatani, Ettore Lanzarone","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000327","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Performance efficiency in cognitive tasks is a combination of effectiveness, that is, accuracy, and cognitive effort. Resting-state and task-related autonomic and cortical activity, together with psychological variables, may represent effective predictors of performance efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these variables in the prediction of performance during a set of cognitive tasks in a sample of young adults. The 76 participants (age: 23.96 ± 2.69 years; 51.3% females) who volunteered for this study completed several psychological questionnaires and performed a set of attention and executive functions tasks. Resting-state and task-related prefrontal and autonomic activity were collected through a Time-Domain and a Continuous Wave 2-channel Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and a portable Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system, respectively. A set of Machine Learning (ML) approaches were employed to (i) predict the performance of each cognitive task, while minimizing and quantifying the prediction error, and to (ii) quantitatively evaluate the predictors that most affected the cognitive outcome. Results showed that perfectionistic traits, as well as both resting-state and task-related autonomic and cortical activity, predicted performance for most of the tasks, partially supporting previous evidence. Our results add to the knowledge of psycho-physiological determinants of performance efficiency in cognitive tasks and provide preliminary evidence on the role of ML approaches in detecting important predictors in cognitive neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000326
Poppy L. A. Schoenberg, Emily M. Mohr, Phyllis E. Kilpatrick, Barbara A. Murphy
Abstract: Cancer and its treatments entail a profound inflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). This intense neurotoxic process can lead to significant neurocognitive impairment even in non-CNS cancers. Few studies have examined this domain, and data available is based on limited designs using neuropsychological assessments comprising self-report or traditional testing batteries that capture basic response data. Here, we leverage cognitive electrophysiology, specifically Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), to examine and delineate neurocognitive impairments in non-CNS cancer survivors. Eleven survivors, who were on average 4.6 years in remission from head and neck cancer and 10 matched healthy controls underwent standardized cognitive and emotional “Go-Nogo” paradigms concomitant to EEG recording. Significant differences in amplitude morphology in the very early ERP components (C1, N1, P1) and middle ERP component (N2), were apparent between non-CNS cancer survivors and controls. Later ERP components (P3, N4) did not show amplitude differences. Non-CNS cancer survivors yielded faster latencies in the early components for pain-related stimuli during the emotional paradigm, albeit tended to yield slower ERP latencies overall across both experiments. These findings suggest that early gating and inhibitory control are dysregulated in non-CNS cancer survivors, which can impact executive functioning and cognitive processing involved in everyday activities for many years post-treatment. The findings do not fully align with ERP morphologies associated with neurocognitive impairment in degenerative conditions (such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), affecting later-stage ERP components. Our initial results suggest that (1) cognitive impairments in cancer survivors do not follow a degenerative trajectory, (2) rather are in line with “lesion” related damage (such as stroke, epilepsy), and as such, (3) have the potential for treatments involving neurocognitive plasticity.
{"title":"Neurocognitive Impairment in Non-Central Nervous System Cancer Survivors","authors":"Poppy L. A. Schoenberg, Emily M. Mohr, Phyllis E. Kilpatrick, Barbara A. Murphy","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer and its treatments entail a profound inflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). This intense neurotoxic process can lead to significant neurocognitive impairment even in non-CNS cancers. Few studies have examined this domain, and data available is based on limited designs using neuropsychological assessments comprising self-report or traditional testing batteries that capture basic response data. Here, we leverage cognitive electrophysiology, specifically Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), to examine and delineate neurocognitive impairments in non-CNS cancer survivors. Eleven survivors, who were on average 4.6 years in remission from head and neck cancer and 10 matched healthy controls underwent standardized cognitive and emotional “Go-Nogo” paradigms concomitant to EEG recording. Significant differences in amplitude morphology in the very early ERP components (C1, N1, P1) and middle ERP component (N2), were apparent between non-CNS cancer survivors and controls. Later ERP components (P3, N4) did not show amplitude differences. Non-CNS cancer survivors yielded faster latencies in the early components for pain-related stimuli during the emotional paradigm, albeit tended to yield slower ERP latencies overall across both experiments. These findings suggest that early gating and inhibitory control are dysregulated in non-CNS cancer survivors, which can impact executive functioning and cognitive processing involved in everyday activities for many years post-treatment. The findings do not fully align with ERP morphologies associated with neurocognitive impairment in degenerative conditions (such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), affecting later-stage ERP components. Our initial results suggest that (1) cognitive impairments in cancer survivors do not follow a degenerative trajectory, (2) rather are in line with “lesion” related damage (such as stroke, epilepsy), and as such, (3) have the potential for treatments involving neurocognitive plasticity.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135343961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000324
Isabelle Krüter, Hanne M. Duindam, J. Asscher, Hanneke E. Creemers
Abstract: Aims: Aggression is one of the most important dynamic risk factors for recidivism in juveniles. The physiological underpinnings of aggression, such as the functioning of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), need further investigation to eventually improve diagnostics and treatment practices. Therefore, the present pilot study examined whether relations exist between ANS basal functioning (i.e., resting Heart Rate [HR] and Heart Rate Variability [HRV]) and proactive and reactive aggression; and between ANS responsivity (i.e., HR(V) in response to stressful conditions) and pro- and reactive aggression in detained juveniles. Methods: Participants were 27 detained boys ( Mage = 17.37, SD = 1.31) from an all-boy Juvenile Detention Center in the Netherlands. Trait-level proactive and reactive aggression, cardiac measures, and potential lifestyle covariates were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlations and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results: Results showed no significant associations between ANS basal functioning, ANS responsivity, and proactive and reactive aggression. Conclusions: This study adds to the literature by increasing knowledge on the link between both resting HR(V) as well as HR(V) responsivity and both forms of aggression and provides recommendations to further advance research in this field.
{"title":"Aggression Running Through Your Veins? The Relationship Between Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Aggression in Detained Juveniles","authors":"Isabelle Krüter, Hanne M. Duindam, J. Asscher, Hanneke E. Creemers","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aims: Aggression is one of the most important dynamic risk factors for recidivism in juveniles. The physiological underpinnings of aggression, such as the functioning of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), need further investigation to eventually improve diagnostics and treatment practices. Therefore, the present pilot study examined whether relations exist between ANS basal functioning (i.e., resting Heart Rate [HR] and Heart Rate Variability [HRV]) and proactive and reactive aggression; and between ANS responsivity (i.e., HR(V) in response to stressful conditions) and pro- and reactive aggression in detained juveniles. Methods: Participants were 27 detained boys ( Mage = 17.37, SD = 1.31) from an all-boy Juvenile Detention Center in the Netherlands. Trait-level proactive and reactive aggression, cardiac measures, and potential lifestyle covariates were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlations and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results: Results showed no significant associations between ANS basal functioning, ANS responsivity, and proactive and reactive aggression. Conclusions: This study adds to the literature by increasing knowledge on the link between both resting HR(V) as well as HR(V) responsivity and both forms of aggression and provides recommendations to further advance research in this field.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000325
Antonella D’Amico, Giulia Mangiaracina
Abstract: Perception of emotions is at the basis of scientific literature about emotions and is considered a crucial emotional function in the Mayer and Salovey hierarchical model of Emotional Intelligence. The perception of bodily signals plays an important role in the perception of one’s own and others’ emotions. Thus, the first aim of this study was to verify if interoceptive ability, referred to as the ability to perceive bodily signals or autonomic self-perception, is related to individuals’ emotional abilities measured with the MSCEIT ( Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, 2002 ). Results evidenced a positive relationship between total EI and experiential area scores (perceiving emotions and sensations) and interoceptive performance scores. A second aim was to investigate if the artificial augmentation of the cardiac perception improved performances in the same tasks. Results showed that the augmented perception of the heartbeat signal did not influence any performance in MSCEIT’s subtests. We concluded that there is a significant relationship between EI and interoceptive ability but that the artificial augmentation of the perception of bodily signals does not influence MSCEIT performances.
{"title":"Listen to Your Heart – Studying Heartbeat Detection and Emotional Intelligence","authors":"Antonella D’Amico, Giulia Mangiaracina","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Perception of emotions is at the basis of scientific literature about emotions and is considered a crucial emotional function in the Mayer and Salovey hierarchical model of Emotional Intelligence. The perception of bodily signals plays an important role in the perception of one’s own and others’ emotions. Thus, the first aim of this study was to verify if interoceptive ability, referred to as the ability to perceive bodily signals or autonomic self-perception, is related to individuals’ emotional abilities measured with the MSCEIT ( Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, 2002 ). Results evidenced a positive relationship between total EI and experiential area scores (perceiving emotions and sensations) and interoceptive performance scores. A second aim was to investigate if the artificial augmentation of the cardiac perception improved performances in the same tasks. Results showed that the augmented perception of the heartbeat signal did not influence any performance in MSCEIT’s subtests. We concluded that there is a significant relationship between EI and interoceptive ability but that the artificial augmentation of the perception of bodily signals does not influence MSCEIT performances.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000322
B. Verkuil, M. Wekenborg
Abstract: The neurovisceral integration model proposes that people low in heart rate variability (HRV) are in a state with strong connections between symptoms of anxiety and depression. So far studies providing support for this hypothesis have relied on classifications or sum scores of a diverse range of symptoms, ignoring observations that anxiety and depression symptoms dynamically influence each other. Here we used network analyses to study if HRV moderates characteristics (density, structure, centrality indices) of network models of generalized anxiety disorder and depression symptoms. We used data ( N = 495) from the Dresden Burnout Study where resting levels of HRV were obtained as well as self-reported symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. Results showed that HRV did not moderate the density and structure of the overall symptom networks. Exploration of the centrality indices suggested that restlessness was a more central node for people low in HRV, a result that remains to be confirmed in larger samples. These findings demonstrate how a network perspective may aid in better understanding the complex relation between symptoms of psychopathology and physiological status.
{"title":"A First Examination of the Link Between Heart Rate Variability and Networks of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms","authors":"B. Verkuil, M. Wekenborg","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The neurovisceral integration model proposes that people low in heart rate variability (HRV) are in a state with strong connections between symptoms of anxiety and depression. So far studies providing support for this hypothesis have relied on classifications or sum scores of a diverse range of symptoms, ignoring observations that anxiety and depression symptoms dynamically influence each other. Here we used network analyses to study if HRV moderates characteristics (density, structure, centrality indices) of network models of generalized anxiety disorder and depression symptoms. We used data ( N = 495) from the Dresden Burnout Study where resting levels of HRV were obtained as well as self-reported symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. Results showed that HRV did not moderate the density and structure of the overall symptom networks. Exploration of the centrality indices suggested that restlessness was a more central node for people low in HRV, a result that remains to be confirmed in larger samples. These findings demonstrate how a network perspective may aid in better understanding the complex relation between symptoms of psychopathology and physiological status.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000323
Miguel Lázaro, Ana García-Gutiérrez, Lorena García, J. Hinojosa
Abstract: In this study, we explored the role of morphology and imageability in pseudoword processing while recording pupillary responses in a lexical decision task that included polymorphemic (“footbalist”), suffixed (“smopify”), and simple pseudowords (“gresmor”), which also varied in imageability. The behavioral results of the mixed-model analyses showed longer latencies and higher error rates for highly imageable polymorphemic pseudowords relative to suffixed pseudowords. Suffixed pseudowords also generated longer latencies than simple pseudowords. The effect of imageability reached significance in these comparisons. With respect to the physiological data, significant differences emerged in the peak latencies between polymorphemic and the other two types of pseudowords, simple and suffixed. Overall findings were interpreted to index processing costs associated with the inhibition of word-like responses in morphological pseudowords while highlighting the intrinsic relationship between morphological and semantic processing. Physiological results allow us to associate for the first-time changes in the pupils to pseudowords processing.
{"title":"Pupillary Responses to Pseudowords With Different Morphological and Imageability Features","authors":"Miguel Lázaro, Ana García-Gutiérrez, Lorena García, J. Hinojosa","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this study, we explored the role of morphology and imageability in pseudoword processing while recording pupillary responses in a lexical decision task that included polymorphemic (“footbalist”), suffixed (“smopify”), and simple pseudowords (“gresmor”), which also varied in imageability. The behavioral results of the mixed-model analyses showed longer latencies and higher error rates for highly imageable polymorphemic pseudowords relative to suffixed pseudowords. Suffixed pseudowords also generated longer latencies than simple pseudowords. The effect of imageability reached significance in these comparisons. With respect to the physiological data, significant differences emerged in the peak latencies between polymorphemic and the other two types of pseudowords, simple and suffixed. Overall findings were interpreted to index processing costs associated with the inhibition of word-like responses in morphological pseudowords while highlighting the intrinsic relationship between morphological and semantic processing. Physiological results allow us to associate for the first-time changes in the pupils to pseudowords processing.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000321
Julian Dale, D. Muniz-Pumares, G. Cimadoro, C. Meijen, M. Glaister
Abstract: The time between races varies in the track cycling competition known as the Match Sprint but can be as little as 10–15 min. Both physiological and motivational factors could affect performance recovery. This study investigated how the between-sprint recovery activity, and an alteration in the duration of the second sprint, affected performance. Twenty-four strength-trained men (age: 26 ± 5 years; height: 180.3 ± 6.1 cm; body mass: 82.3 ± 6.9 kg) participated. During each of the four experimental trials, two sprints were performed 12 min apart. The first was always 18 s and the second was either 9 s or 18 s. Between sprints, passive rest or a mixture of active and passive recovery was undertaken. Peak power output (PPO), as well as mean power output over 9 s (MPO9) and 18 s (MPO18), was recorded. Lactate concentration, ratings of sprint preparation and performance, as well as perceptions of recovery, were also measured. Post-trial and post-study questionnaires explored factors that may have influenced performance. A sprint number × recovery method interaction, F(1, 23) = 28.791, p < .001, ηp2 = .556, was found for PPO, with a significantly lower PPO in sprint 2 following passive recovery. Sprint number × second sprint duration interactions were found for PPO, F(1, 23) = 9.867, p = .005, ηp2 = .300, and MPO9, F(1, 23) = 8.922, p = .007, ηp2 = .279. A significant time × condition interaction was also found for lactate concentration, F(6.082, 97.320) = 2.982, p = .010, ηp2 = .157, although post hoc tests were unable to identify the cause of any of these effects. Typically, the participants were satisfied with their sprint performances and expressed positive views about the recovery activity undertaken. The main finding was, therefore, that PPO was lower following passive recovery, but the effects on MPO were not apparent.
{"title":"Sprint Cycling","authors":"Julian Dale, D. Muniz-Pumares, G. Cimadoro, C. Meijen, M. Glaister","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The time between races varies in the track cycling competition known as the Match Sprint but can be as little as 10–15 min. Both physiological and motivational factors could affect performance recovery. This study investigated how the between-sprint recovery activity, and an alteration in the duration of the second sprint, affected performance. Twenty-four strength-trained men (age: 26 ± 5 years; height: 180.3 ± 6.1 cm; body mass: 82.3 ± 6.9 kg) participated. During each of the four experimental trials, two sprints were performed 12 min apart. The first was always 18 s and the second was either 9 s or 18 s. Between sprints, passive rest or a mixture of active and passive recovery was undertaken. Peak power output (PPO), as well as mean power output over 9 s (MPO9) and 18 s (MPO18), was recorded. Lactate concentration, ratings of sprint preparation and performance, as well as perceptions of recovery, were also measured. Post-trial and post-study questionnaires explored factors that may have influenced performance. A sprint number × recovery method interaction, F(1, 23) = 28.791, p < .001, ηp2 = .556, was found for PPO, with a significantly lower PPO in sprint 2 following passive recovery. Sprint number × second sprint duration interactions were found for PPO, F(1, 23) = 9.867, p = .005, ηp2 = .300, and MPO9, F(1, 23) = 8.922, p = .007, ηp2 = .279. A significant time × condition interaction was also found for lactate concentration, F(6.082, 97.320) = 2.982, p = .010, ηp2 = .157, although post hoc tests were unable to identify the cause of any of these effects. Typically, the participants were satisfied with their sprint performances and expressed positive views about the recovery activity undertaken. The main finding was, therefore, that PPO was lower following passive recovery, but the effects on MPO were not apparent.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42663024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000319
W. Sannita
{"title":"Probabilistic Noise and Human Electrophysiology","authors":"W. Sannita","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46686440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000320
W. O’Brien, Tanya S. Watford, C. X. Lim, Tracy Sims, S. Jarukasemthawee, K. Pisitsungkagarn, P. Suvanbenjakule, Supalak Settawacharawanich
Abstract: Psychophysiological researchers have demonstrated that the orienting response is characterized by heart rate (HR) decreases and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) increases. The defensive response is characterized by HR increases and HF-HRV decreases. In this study, HR and HF-HRV reactivity to a visual stimulus designed to elicit an orienting response (surgery video) and a cognitive task designed to elicit a defensive response (Trier Social Stress Test, math task) were measured among 81 undergraduate students. The order of stimuli presentation was counterbalanced. The expected pattern of reactivity was observed (decreased HR and increased HF-HRV during the video condition; increased HR and decreased HF-HRV during the cognitive math task). The order of stimulus presentation significantly influenced HF-HRV reactivity. When the video stimulus was presented first, a large and significant increase in HF-HRV was observed which indicated vagal activation. When the video stimulus followed the cognitive math task stimulus, lower levels of HF-HRV reactivity and vagal activation were observed. This suggests exposure to the cognitive math task elicited a defensive response that suppressed subsequent orienting responses. Theoretical, psychophysiological, and practical implications of the observed results and future psychophysiological research directions are discussed.
{"title":"An Examination of the Orienting and Defensive Responses Using HR and HF-HRV","authors":"W. O’Brien, Tanya S. Watford, C. X. Lim, Tracy Sims, S. Jarukasemthawee, K. Pisitsungkagarn, P. Suvanbenjakule, Supalak Settawacharawanich","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Psychophysiological researchers have demonstrated that the orienting response is characterized by heart rate (HR) decreases and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) increases. The defensive response is characterized by HR increases and HF-HRV decreases. In this study, HR and HF-HRV reactivity to a visual stimulus designed to elicit an orienting response (surgery video) and a cognitive task designed to elicit a defensive response (Trier Social Stress Test, math task) were measured among 81 undergraduate students. The order of stimuli presentation was counterbalanced. The expected pattern of reactivity was observed (decreased HR and increased HF-HRV during the video condition; increased HR and decreased HF-HRV during the cognitive math task). The order of stimulus presentation significantly influenced HF-HRV reactivity. When the video stimulus was presented first, a large and significant increase in HF-HRV was observed which indicated vagal activation. When the video stimulus followed the cognitive math task stimulus, lower levels of HF-HRV reactivity and vagal activation were observed. This suggests exposure to the cognitive math task elicited a defensive response that suppressed subsequent orienting responses. Theoretical, psychophysiological, and practical implications of the observed results and future psychophysiological research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46073023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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