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Numerical study of the influence of magnetic field and throughflow on the onset of thermo-bio-convection in a Forchheimer‑extended Darcy-Brinkman porous nanofluid layer containing gyrotactic microorganisms 磁场和贯通流对含有陀螺仪微生物的福赫海默扩展达西-布林克曼多孔纳米流体层中开始热生物对流的影响的数值研究
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024049980
Arpan Garg, Y.D. Sharma, Subit K. Jain, Sanjalee Maheshwari
This paper accommodates numerical investigation on the onset of magneto-thermo-bioconvection in nanofluid suspension of gyrotactic microbes saturated in a porous medium under the imposition of vertical throughflow and quadratic drag. The modified Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is utilized to drive the governing equations. The normal mode technique along with linear stability analysis is imposed to establish the agitated system of equations. An eight-order Galerkin methodology is utilized to numerically extract the critical thermal Rayleigh number values from the tedious eigenvalue problem. The power of vertical throughflow and quadratic drag is perceived to enhance the thermal energy transfer and stabilize the nanofluid suspension that consequently tries to restrict the convective process. The intensity of the magnetic field is identified to delay the onset of magneto-thermo-bioconvection. It is also found that the presence of fast-moving gyrotactic microorganisms and top-heavy nanofluid concentration form an unstable system to accelerate the beginning of the magneto-thermo-bioconvection. The outcome of this work may find applications in microfluidic devices, enhanced oil recovery, and many other areas for controlling the speed of the convective process.
本文对多孔介质中饱和的陀螺状微生物纳米流体悬浮液在垂直通流和二次阻力作用下发生的磁热生物对流进行了数值研究。利用改进的达西-布林克曼-福克海默模型来驱动控制方程。采用法向模式技术和线性稳定性分析来建立搅拌方程系统。利用八阶 Galerkin 方法从繁琐的特征值问题中数值提取临界热雷利数值。垂直贯通流和二次阻力的力量被认为可以增强热能传递并稳定纳米流体悬浮液,从而限制对流过程。磁场强度被认为会延缓磁-热-生物对流的发生。研究还发现,快速移动的回旋微生物和头重脚轻的纳米流体浓度形成了一个不稳定的系统,加速了磁热液生物对流的开始。这项工作的成果可应用于微流控装置、提高石油采收率以及控制对流过程速度的许多其他领域。
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引用次数: 0
CREEPING FLOW OF COUPLE STRESS FLUID OVER A SPHERICAL FIELD ON A SATURATED BIPOROUS MEDIUM 饱和双孔介质上球形场上的耦合应力流体的蠕动流动
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024050262
Shyamala Sakthivel, Pankaj Shukla, Selvi Ramasamy
This problem emphasizes the dynamic interaction between a biporous medium and a couple stress fluid of laminar flow. The flow around a permeable field engulfed in a couple stress fluid is examined. When examining the motion of an oil droplet in a porous collector that is surrounded by an aqueous medium (oil-in-water emulsion) and is subject to an external pressure drop, this formulation of the problem is typical. A similar issue arises when lymph enters the tissues of humans or animals: the inside permeable spherical field saturated with viscous fluid and outside region saturated with couple stress fluid. The Brinkman equations are utilized to characterize the couple stress fluid flow in a saturated biporous medium. The couple stress tensor and velocity fields are expressed using Gegenbauer polynomials and Macdonald functions. For the axially symmetric motion, both pressure distribution and the stream function solution are explicitly solved. The method of variable separation is used to investigate an analytical resoluteness for the flow field. The drag force on a saturated biporous medium and the drag coefficient DN are calculated, and the impacts of the permeability κ, the ratio of viscosity (γ2 = μ12), the couple stress viscosity ratio (τ = η'/η), and the parameter of couple stress (λ = √μ/η). The appropriate dependencies are graphically delineated and reviewed, including the permeability κ, couple stress parameter λ, viscosity ratio γ2, and couple stress viscosities (η, η'). According to the findings, increasing permeability gradually raises the drag coefficient, which is used to describe a spherical field’s surface with a high level resistance of flow. Limits statements are used to illustrate specific cases that are well-known. The current study is significant primarily in the course through a layer formed by penetrable particles and has very important and compelling applications in both nature and innovation, with a variety of potential outcomes.
该问题强调双孔介质与层流耦合应力流体之间的动态相互作用。研究了被耦合应力流体吞噬的渗透场周围的流动。在研究被水介质(水包油乳液)包围的多孔收集器中油滴的运动时,受到外部压降的影响,这种问题的表述方式非常典型。当淋巴进入人体或动物组织时,也会出现类似的问题:内部渗透性球形场饱和粘性流体,外部区域饱和耦合应力流体。布林克曼方程用于描述饱和双孔介质中耦合应力流体流动的特征。耦合应力张量和速度场使用格根鲍尔多项式和麦克唐纳函数表示。对于轴对称运动,压力分布和流函数解法都是显式求解。变量分离法用于研究流场的分析解析度。计算了饱和双孔介质上的阻力和阻力系数 DN,以及渗透率 κ、粘度比(γ2 = μ1 /μ2)、耦合应力粘度比(τ = η'/η)和耦合应力参数(λ = √μ/η)的影响。对相应的依赖关系,包括渗透率 κ、耦合应力参数 λ、粘度比 γ2 和耦合应力粘度 (η, η'),进行了图解和评述。根据研究结果,渗透率的增加会逐渐提高阻力系数,阻力系数用于描述具有高流动阻力的球形场表面。极限说明用于说明众所周知的具体情况。目前的研究主要在通过可穿透颗粒形成的层的过程中具有重要意义,在自然界和创新领域都有非常重要和引人注目的应用,并可能产生各种结果。
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引用次数: 0
ROTATING WAVY CYLINDER ON BIOCONVECTION FLOW OF NANOENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS IN A FINNED CIRCULAR CYLINDER 旋转波浪形圆筒对翅片状圆筒中纳米相变材料生物对流的影响
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024050696
Noura Alsedais, Sang-Wook Lee, Abdelraheem Aly
Numerical investigations were conducted on the bioconvection flow of nano-encapsulated phase change materials with oxytactic microorganisms in a circular annulus with a rotating wavy inner cylinder. The incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method was applied to solve the governing partial differential equations for the velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of motile microorganisms. Compared with the conventional mesh–based method, this mesh-free, particle-based approach offers strong advantages in the simulation of complex problems with free surfaces and moving boundaries with large displacements. The pertinent parameters are the undulation number (N_und = 2-36), bioconvection Rayleigh number (〖Ra〗_b = 1-1000), Darcy parameter (Da = 10^(-5)-10^(-2)), length of the inner fin (L_Fin = 0.05-0.15), radius of the inner wavy cylinder (R_c = 0.05-0.25), Rayleigh number (Ra = 10^3-10^5), undulation amplitude of the inner wavy cylinder surface (A = 0.1-0.4), and frequency parameter (ω = 1-5). The results showed that the undulation number of the inner wavy cylinder enhanced the flow of the oxytactic microorganisms and isotherms, whereas it had the reverse effect on the velocity, decreasing the maximum velocity by 26.56%. In addition, the comparatively high undulation amplitude and frequency increased the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It was found that the embedded wavy cylinder interacting with fins plays an important role in enhancing heat transfer and the bioconvection flow within a closed domain.
对纳米封装相变材料与氧接触微生物在带有旋转波浪形内圆筒的环形空间中的生物对流进行了数值研究。应用不可压缩平滑粒子流体力学方法求解了运动微生物的速度、温度、浓度和密度的控制偏微分方程。与传统的基于网格的方法相比,这种无网格、基于粒子的方法在模拟具有自由表面和大位移移动边界的复杂问题时具有很强的优势。相关参数包括起伏数(N_und = 2-36)、生物对流瑞利数(〖Ra〗_b = 1-1000)、达西参数(Da = 10^(-5)-10^(-2))、内鳍长度(L_Fin = 0.05-0.15)、内波浪形圆柱体半径(R_c = 0.05-0.25)、瑞利数(Ra = 10^3-10^5)、内波浪形圆柱体表面起伏幅度(A = 0.1-0.4)和频率参数(ω = 1-5)。结果表明,内波浪形圆筒的起伏数增强了氧接触微生物的流动性和等温线,而对速度的影响则相反,最大速度降低了 26.56%。此外,相对较高的起伏幅度和频率增加了平均努塞尔特数和舍伍德数。研究发现,嵌入式波浪形圆柱体与鳍片相互作用,在增强封闭域内的热传递和生物对流方面发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Water nanofluid falling film on a Non-Darcy porous vertical plate evaporator 非达西多孔垂直板式蒸发器上的纳米水流降膜
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024050229
Abdelaziz Nasr
A numerical analysis of the falling nanofilm evaporation on a vertical porous wetted wall by mixed convection was performed. The right-wall was dry and isothermal, while the left wall is embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium filled with nanofilm (water+low fraction volume of copper nanoparticles) and exposed to a uniform heat flux from the outside. The nanofluid film makes up the liquid, while dry air and water vapor comprise the gas mixture. The results obtained from this study pertain to the impact of porosity, thickness of the porous layer, concentration of nanoparticles on heat and mass exchange, and liquid film evaporation. The results indicate that mass and heat exchange, as well as liquid film evaporation, are improved in the case of nanofilm by introducing a liquid-saturated porous medium. It is shown that in the case of a porous layer, the dispersion of the nanoparticles into water film ameliorates the liquid film evaporation of the plate evaporator and weakly improves the mass and heat exchange.
研究人员通过混合对流对垂直多孔湿润壁上的下落纳米薄膜蒸发进行了数值分析。右侧墙壁干燥且等温,左侧墙壁嵌入充满纳米薄膜(水+低分数体积的纳米铜粒子)的非达西多孔介质中,并暴露在来自外部的均匀热流中。纳米流体薄膜构成液体,而干燥空气和水蒸气构成气体混合物。研究结果涉及多孔性、多孔层厚度、纳米颗粒浓度对热量和质量交换以及液膜蒸发的影响。结果表明,通过引入液体饱和多孔介质,纳米薄膜的质量和热量交换以及液膜蒸发都得到了改善。结果表明,在多孔层的情况下,纳米粒子在水膜中的分散改善了板式蒸发器的液膜蒸发,并微弱地改善了质量和热交换。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Flow Regimes in Spiral Packed Beds Composed of Randomly Spheres 由随机球体组成的螺旋填料床中的流态特征
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024049270
Mustafa Yasin Gökaslan, Mustafa Özdemir, Lütfullah Kuddusi
Packed beds are used in many fields such as heat exchangers, cooling systems, filtration, and reactors. Porous media increase the heat transfer but increase the pressure drop and flow regimes are different according to the clear channel. The flow regime significantly affects the heat transfer and pumping power of the fluid. It is known that when the channel is either curved or packed separately, the pressure drop increases. There are many studies on pressure drop and flow regimes in porous media or curvilinear channels. However, there are not many studies on pressure drop and flow regimes in a curvilinear packed bed. In this work, the pressure drops and flow regimes were determined when the channel is both curved and porous media. The packed beds were formed with two different radii of curvature, 71 and 171 mm in diameter, and are filled from steel balls with different particle diameters of 2.00, 2.38 mm, and 3.17 mm. The pressure drop in these spiral porous media was measured experimentally and flow regimes were determined for each test chamber and ball diameter. In each flow regime, permeabilities, Forchheimer coefficients, and the coefficients corresponding to Ergün constants were calculated. The effect of the curvature ratio was interpreted as the difference from the straight packed beds. Determining the flow regime ranges of curved packed beds, it can help to better interpret the heat transfer and pumping power of the fluid in these regimes
填料床应用于许多领域,如热交换器、冷却系统、过滤和反应器。多孔介质增加了热传递,但同时也增加了压降。流态对流体的传热和泵送能力有很大影响。众所周知,当通道弯曲或单独填料时,压降会增大。关于多孔介质或曲线通道中的压降和流态的研究很多。然而,关于曲线填料床的压降和流动机制的研究并不多。在这项研究中,我们确定了当通道既是曲线通道又是多孔介质通道时的压降和流态。填料床有两种不同的曲率半径,直径分别为 71 毫米和 171 毫米,由不同颗粒直径(2.00 毫米、2.38 毫米和 3.17 毫米)的钢球填充。通过实验测量了这些螺旋多孔介质中的压降,并确定了每个试验室和钢球直径的流动状态。计算了每种流动状态下的渗透率、福希海默尔系数以及与埃尔金常数相对应的系数。曲率比的影响被解释为与直填料床的差异。确定曲线填料床的流态范围有助于更好地解释流体在这些流态中的传热和泵送功率。
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引用次数: 0
Porosity Impacts on MHD Casson Fluid past a Shrinking Cylinder with Suction 多孔性对通过带吸力收缩圆柱体的 MHD 卡松流体的影响
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024050282
Annuri Shobha, Murugan Mageswari, Aisha M. Alqahtani, Asokan Arulmozhi, Manyala Gangadhar Rao, Sudar Mozhi K, Ilyas Khan
In this research, we are delving into the intricate interplay of Casson fluid flow around a shrinking cylinder while considering the existence of a porous medium. This system is further influenced by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), radiation, and heat generation. A distinctive aspect of novelty in this investigation involves incorporating a suction effect into the boundary condition. By converting the resulting set of nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, we employ the bvp4c solver, which makes use of the Runge-Kutta method, to achieve numerical solutions. This numerical technique enables us to simulate and examine the complex patterns of fluid flow, temperature distribution, and velocity profiles that arise from the combined impacts of Casson fluid behavior, porous medium, MHD, radiation, and heat generation. The presence of the porous medium brings about alterations in velocity profiles and heat transfer within the system. The numerical methodology introduced here serves to showcase the capabilities of the bvp4c solver in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta method, particularly when addressing challenging Multiphysics problems involving Casson fluid behavior, porous media, MHD, radiation, and heat generation. The key findings of this research indicate that an increase in the Casson fluid parameter and the suction effect leads to a reduction in skin friction. Moreover, higher values of radiation are associated with a decrease in the Nusselt number profile.
在这项研究中,我们将深入研究卡松流体围绕收缩圆柱体流动的复杂相互作用,同时考虑多孔介质的存在。该系统还受到磁流体动力学(MHD)、辐射和发热的进一步影响。这项研究的新颖之处在于将吸力效应纳入边界条件。通过将非线性偏微分方程组转换为常微分方程,我们采用了 bvp4c 求解器,利用 Runge-Kutta 方法实现了数值求解。这种数值技术使我们能够模拟和研究卡松流体行为、多孔介质、MHD、辐射和热量产生的综合影响所导致的流体流动、温度分布和速度剖面的复杂模式。多孔介质的存在改变了系统内的速度分布和热量传递。本文介绍的数值方法展示了 bvp4c 求解器与 Runge-Kutta 方法相结合的能力,特别是在解决涉及卡松流体行为、多孔介质、MHD、辐射和发热等具有挑战性的多物理场问题时。这项研究的主要发现表明,卡松流体参数和吸力效应的增加会导致表皮摩擦力的减小。此外,辐射值越高,努塞尔特数曲线越小。
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引用次数: 0
EXPLORING THE WETTABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ARGILLACEOUS SILTSTONE WITH IMBIBITION AND NMR TECHNIQUE FOR MARINE RESERVOIR EXPLOITATION 利用浸润和核磁共振技术探索砾质粉砂岩的润湿性特征,以开发海洋储层
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024052188
Liu Yang, Zhengyan Zhang, Huijin Xu, Jingwei Gao
The argillaceous siltstone reservoirs in South China Sea involves a wide variety of fossil resources, such as gas hydrate, marine oil, natural gas, and other mineral resources. The argillaceous siltstone with mixed wettability characteristics is easily dispersed in water, and it is difficult to study the wettability of argillaceous siltstone based on water imbibition technique. In this work, an innovative method is proposed to demonstrate the mixed wettability based on imbibition and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The contact angle results show that the affinity of argillaceous siltstone for oil is stronger than that for water. However, the imbibition volume of water is much larger than that of oil.The oil imbibition curve is linear, while water imbibition curve has a two-stage feature. This difference can be explained by the expansion of clay, where more water wet surfaces are exposed to the liquid, leading to changes in wettability. In addition, the coexistence of organic matter and inorganic clay minerals results in a mixed wetting characteristic. Based on NMR technology, a micro wettability index is proposed to quantitatively characterize the micro wettability heterogeneity. The micro water (or oil) wettability index of micropores (0.01−10 ms) is approximately equal to 0.5, indicating the mixed wettability. The micro water wettability index of mesopores (10−500 ms) is approximately equalto 1.0, indicating strong water wettability. These pores or cracks may be induced by clay minerals expansion. Themicro oil wettability index of macropores (> 500 ms) is approximately equal to 1.0, indicating strong oil wettability, which is resulted from significant accumulation of organic debris enrichment. It is of great significance to improve the exploration and exploitation efficiency of mineral resources in the South China Sea.
南海弧质粉砂岩储层涉及多种化石资源,如天然气水合物、海洋石油、天然气和其他矿产资源。具有混合润湿特性的箭质粉砂岩易分散于水中,基于水浸润技术的箭质粉砂岩润湿性研究难度较大。本研究提出了一种基于浸润和核磁共振(NMR)技术的创新方法来证明混合润湿性。接触角结果表明,霰质粉砂岩对油的亲和力强于对水的亲和力。油的浸润曲线是线性的,而水的浸润曲线具有两阶段特征。造成这种差异的原因是粘土膨胀,更多的水湿表面暴露在液体中,导致润湿性发生变化。此外,有机物和无机粘土矿物的共存导致了混合润湿特性。基于核磁共振技术,提出了一种微观润湿性指数来定量表征微观润湿性的异质性。微孔(0.01-10 ms)的微水(或油)润湿指数约等于 0.5,表明具有混合润湿性。中孔(10-500 毫微米)的微水润湿指数约等于 1.0,表示强水润湿性。这些孔隙或裂缝可能是由粘土矿物膨胀引起的。大孔隙(> 500 ms)的微油润湿指数约等于 1.0,表明油润湿性很强,这是有机碎屑大量富集造成的。这对提高南海矿产资源的勘探开发效率具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
A nanofluid couple stress flow due to porous stretching and shrinking sheet with heat transfer 带热传导的多孔伸缩片引起的纳米流体耦合应力流
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024048602
A. B. Vishalakshi, U.S. Mahabaleshwar, V. Anitha, Dia Zeidan
The analysis of current work portrays the exact solution of couple stress fluid flow with heat transfer. Three variety of nanoparticles are placed inside the flow to achieve better thermal conductivity. Porous sheet inside the fluid flow is considered to yield new results of the study. With the use of similarity variables, the controlling PDEs of the issue are converted into ODEs. Analytical analysis is used to determine the domain and solution of the momentum and energy equations in terms of the Laguerre polynomial. In addition, skin friction and Nusselt number is also verified using non-dimensional different controlling parameters like thermal radiation (R), couple stress fluid parameter (C) , solid volume fractions (∅) , mass transpiration (Vc) and so on, to verify the results of the present work. Present work is very well argument with previously published paper and also it containing many industrial applications namely entropy generation, polymer production, automotive cooling system and microelectronics.
当前工作的分析描绘了耦合应力流体流动与热传递的精确解决方案。在流体内部放置了三种不同的纳米颗粒,以获得更好的导热性。流体流动内部的多孔板被认为会产生新的研究结果。利用相似变量,将问题的控制 PDE 转换为 ODE。通过分析,确定了动量方程和能量方程的域和解法,即 Laguerre 多项式。此外,还使用热辐射 (R)、耦合应力流体参数 (C)、固体体积分数 (∅) 和质量蒸腾 (Vc) 等非维度控制参数验证了表皮摩擦和努塞尔特数,以验证本工作的结果。本研究与之前发表的论文进行了很好的论证,同时还包含了许多工业应用,如熵生成、聚合物生产、汽车冷却系统和微电子学。
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引用次数: 0
DARCY-BRINKMAN FLOW IN AN ANISOTROPIC ROTATING POROUS CHANNEL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD 磁场影响下各向异性旋转多孔通道中的达西-布林克曼流
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2023050260
Vineet Kumar Verma, ABDUL FAIZ ANSARI
In the present paper, influence of the magnetic field on a viscous incompressible conducting fluid flow through an anisotropic rotating porous channel is considered. The flow within the porous channel is governed by Brinkman equation. No-slip boundary condition is used on walls of the channel. An analytical solution for the primary and secondary velocities are obtained. The influence of various parameters such as Hartmann number, Taylor number and Darcy number on the flow is discussed in the paper. Velocity and volumetric flow rate in the primary and secondary directions are exhibited graphically and in tabular form.
本文考虑了磁场对流经各向异性旋转多孔通道的粘性不可压缩导电流体流动的影响。多孔通道内的流动受布林克曼方程控制。通道壁采用无滑动边界条件。得到了一次速度和二次速度的解析解。文中讨论了哈特曼数、泰勒数和达西数等各种参数对流动的影响。一级和二级方向的流速和容积流量以图表形式展示。
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引用次数: 0
Importance of Thermal Conductivity Models in Analyzing Heat Transfer of Radiative Hybrid Nanofluid Across a Stretching Sheet using Darcy-Forchheimer Flow 利用达西-福克海默流分析辐射混合纳米流体穿过拉伸片传热时导热模型的重要性
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jpormedia.2024051713
Zafar Mahmood, Khadija Rafique, Umar Khan, Taseer Muhammad, Ahmed Hassan
Hybrid nanofluids' enhanced thermal efficiency has important applications in many fields of industry and engineering. So, the goal of this study is to find out how different thermal conductivity models affect important factors in the Darcy-Forchheimer flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid made of 〖Al〗_2 O_3-Cu and water across a moving surface that can let some fluid pass through it. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermal radiation, joule heating, and viscous dissipation are all included in the study. Partial differential equations (PDEs) are made more manageable by reducing them to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via a similarity transformation. After that, Mathematica's shooting technique and the Runge-Kutta algorithm are used to numerically solve these ODEs. The study analyses the effects of key factors on the major physical quantities of interest and presents the findings graphically and tabularly. The research also shows that differing thermal conductivity models lead to significantly varied average Nusselt values. The rate of heat transmission improves with the addition of ϕ_2 and S. The Xue model in the hybrid nanofluid shows a 0.7% increase in heat transfer rate compared to the nanofluid, while the Maxwell model shows a 0.64% increase, and the Yamada-Ota model shows a 1.01% increase. Importantly, for all the considered models of thermal conductivity, the research shows that the average Nusselt number increases linearly with the nanoparticle volume percentage. Finally, the data show that the Yamada-Ota model consistently produces far higher average Nusselt values than the other models.
增强热效率的混合纳米流体在许多工业和工程领域都有重要应用。因此,本研究的目标是找出不同的导热模型如何影响由〖Al_2 O_3-Cu〗和水组成的混合纳米流体在可让一些流体通过的运动表面上的达西-福克海默流动和传热的重要因素。磁流体动力学(MHD)、热辐射、焦耳加热和粘性耗散都包含在研究中。通过相似性转换,将偏微分方程(PDE)简化为一组常微分方程(ODE),使其更易于处理。然后,使用 Mathematica 的射击技术和 Runge-Kutta 算法对这些 ODE 进行数值求解。研究分析了关键因素对主要相关物理量的影响,并以图形和表格的形式展示了研究结果。研究还表明,不同的导热模型会导致平均努塞尔特值的显著变化。混合纳米流体中的 Xue 模型与纳米流体相比,热传导率提高了 0.7%,而 Maxwell 模型提高了 0.64%,Yamada-Ota 模型提高了 1.01%。重要的是,对于所有考虑过的导热模型,研究表明平均努塞尔特数随纳米粒子体积百分比线性增加。最后,数据显示,Yamada-Ota 模型产生的平均努塞尔特值始终远高于其他模型。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Porous Media
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